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预防艾滋病日常注意做好5个细节
http://www.sina.com.cn 2010年12月02日10:08 舜网-当代健康报
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| 图示∶2010年12月即将出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构 |
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今年12月1日是第23个“世界艾滋病日”，今年的主题依然是“遏制艾滋，履行承诺”，副题是“权益、责任、落实”。卫生部在11月29日通报我国艾滋病疫情及防治工作情况，截至2010年10月底，累计报告艾滋病病毒感染者和病人37万余例，其中病人13万余例，死亡6.8万余例。艾滋病病毒就像幽灵，悄悄而快速地来到我们身边；艾滋病就像魔鬼，以无法想象的速度破坏着人类的健康。
自1981年世界第一例艾滋病病毒感染者发现至今，短短二十几年的时间，艾滋病正以惊人的速度在全球肆虐流行。而进入二十一世纪以来，艾滋病更呈现出从高危人群向一般人群扩散的发病趋势。
艾滋病疫情日益严峻
根据全国传染病疫情网络直报系统报告数据，2009年，全国网络直报艾滋病病毒感染者共计4.8万人，每月平均新报告4000人；今年前9个月每月新报告感染人数与去年相当。在近年报告的新发感染者中，约七成为性传播，所占比例逐年增大。这表明艾滋病对我国一般人群的威胁在加剧。
2009年，卫生部和联合国艾滋病规划署、世界卫生组织联合评估结果表明：截至2009年底，估计我国现存活艾滋病病毒感染者和病人约74万人，其中病人约10.5万人；2009年新发感染者约4.8万人，因艾滋病相关死亡约2.6万人。
卫生部通报还显示，近两年，艾滋病疫情出现了一些新的情况，呈现三个特点：一是艾滋病疫情持续上升，上升幅度有所减缓；二是性传播已成为主要传播途径，男性同性性传播上升速度明显；三是局部地区和特定人群疫情严重。我国的艾滋病疫情日益严峻起来。
走出谈“艾”色变的误区
“蚊子叮咬了艾滋病患者，再咬了我，会不会传染上艾滋病？”“患了口腔溃疡后和艾滋病携带者接吻会不会传染上艾滋病？”即便人们对艾滋病知识已经十分了解，却仍然会有人产生这种疑虑。其实艾滋病不可怕，重要的是如何正确地对待它。
人们之所以谈“艾”色变，不但是因为它无法治愈，更主要的是它的名声不好。艾滋病其实就是一种慢性病，而艾滋病病毒感染者并不是就叫做艾滋病人，绝大多数感染者要经过数十年的时间才会发展为病人。
要走出谈“艾”色变的误区，首先要纠正错误观念，真正了解艾滋病。艾滋病的医学全名为“获得性免疫缺陷综合征”，是由艾滋病病毒引起的、病死率极高的一种传染病。
艾滋病病毒主要存在于感染者和病人的体液(如血液、精液、阴道分泌物、乳汁等)及多种器官中，对外界环境的抵抗力弱，高温、干燥和一般常用消毒剂均可杀灭该病毒，艾滋病主要通过血液传播、性传播、母婴传播等三种传播途径。
艾滋病病毒不会通过日常生活接触而传染，也不会通过空气、饮水、食品以及未消毒的餐具、衣服被褥、货币等物品而传染。与艾滋病人及艾滋病病毒感染者的日常生活和工作接触(如握手、拥抱、共同进餐、共用工具、办公用具等)也不会感染艾滋病。
预防艾滋病，从生活点滴做起
艾滋病不能治愈，只能预防和治疗。艾滋病是一种行为病，健康的性生活是防止通过性途径传播艾滋病的根本措施。预防艾滋病是完全可能的，而且是可以做得到的。对个人来说，除掌握有关艾滋病知识外，尚须做到：
(1)洁身自爱，不去非法采血站卖血，不涉足色情场所，不要轻率地进出某些娱乐场所；任何场合都应保持强烈的预防艾滋病意识；不要存在任何侥幸心理；不要因好奇而尝试吸毒。
(2)生病时要到正规的诊所、医院求治，注意输血安全；不到医疗器械消毒不可靠的医疗单位特别是个体诊所打针、拔牙、针炙、手术；不用未消毒的器具穿耳孔、文身、美容。
(3)不与他人共享剃须刀、牙刷等，尽量避免接触他人体液、血液，对被他人污染过的物品要及时消毒。
(4)注意与艾滋病病人的接触：给艾滋病病人采血及注射时，注射器应采用一次性用品，病人的血液、排泄物、污染的物品应进行彻底焚烧。病人的器皿及医用器械要专人专用，如病人的刮脸刀、牙刷、毛巾、茶杯等应专人专用，排尿、排便后要用肥皂洗手，可达到消毒的目的
(5)正确使用质量合格的安全套(避孕套)可降低感染艾滋病病毒的危险。得了性病或怀疑有性病应尽早到指定医疗机构或正规医院检查、治疗。
(高文超)
AIDS 5 details the daily attention to good
http://www.sina.com.cn 2010 年 12 月 02 日 10:08 Shun Net - Contemporary Health News
December 1 this year is the first of 23 "World AIDS Day", this year's theme is still the "Stop AIDS, Keep the Promise", sub-theme is the "rights, responsibilities and implement." Ministry of Health on November 29 and informed of the AIDS epidemic prevention and control work, as at the end of October 2010, the cumulative reported HIV infection and the patient more than 37 cases, of which 13 million cases of patients, the death of 6.8 million cases. HIV is like ghosts, quietly and quickly came to our side; AIDS is like the devil to the speed of destruction can not imagine human health.
Since 1981, the first cases of HIV infection in the world have found so far, just twenty years time, at an alarming rate of AIDS is rampant in the global epidemic. And into the twenty-first century, AIDS is more developed from high-risk groups to the general trend of the spread of disease.
Increasingly severe AIDS epidemic
According to the national infectious diseases control and reporting system reporting data, in 2009, the national network report a total of 4.8 HIV-infected people, the monthly average of 4,000 new reports; the first 9 months this year, a new report every month and last year a considerable number of infections . In recent years, new infections were reported, about seven a sexually transmitted, the proportion is increasing year by year. This shows that the AIDS threat in China in the general population increase.
In 2009, the Ministry of Health and UNAIDS, the Joint World Health Organization assessment that: the end of 2009, estimated survival of our country are infected with HIV and patients about 74 million, of which about 10.5 million patients; 2009 new infections About 4.8 million people who, due to AIDS-related deaths of about 2.6 million people.
Ministry of Health also showed that nearly two years, the AIDS epidemic there have been some new situations, three characteristics: First, the AIDS epidemic continues to rise, rate of increase has slowed down; the second is sexual transmission has become the main mode of transmission, male homosexual propagation speed significantly increased; third in some areas the epidemic is serious and specific populations. Increasingly serious in China's AIDS epidemic up.
Out of the talk about "Ai" mere mention of the error
"Mosquito bites an AIDS patient, and then bit me, will not be transmitted on AIDS?" "After suffering from mouth ulcers and AIDS carriers a kiss on AIDS?" Even if people already know about AIDS, but still some people have such worries. In fact, AIDS is not terrible, it is important how to properly treat it.
The reason why people talk about "Ai" pale, not only because it can not be cured, but the main thing is it a bad reputation. In fact, AIDS is a chronic disease, and HIV infection is called AIDS, not people, most infected people to go through a few decades before the development of the patient.
To get out about "Ai" mere mention of the errors, we must first correct the misconception, a real understanding of AIDS. AIDS medicine full-called "acquired immune deficiency syndrome" is caused by the AIDS virus, an infectious disease of high mortality.
Mainly in HIV infection and the patient's body fluids (such as blood, semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk, etc.) and various organs, the resistance of the weak external environment, high temperature, dry and commonly used disinfectants can kill The virus, AIDS, mainly through blood transmission, sexual transmission, mother to child transmission and other routes of transmission of three.
HIV is not transmitted through everyday contact, nor through the air, water, food and non-sterile utensils, clothes, blankets, money and other items and infection. HIV and AIDS infected people and the daily life and work of contact (such as shaking hands, hugging, sharing a meal, sharing tools, office equipment, etc.) will not be infected with AIDS.
AIDS prevention, starting from the People & Vlogs
AIDS can not be cured, only the prevention and treatment. AIDS is a behavioral disease, healthy sex life is to prevent the sexual transmission of AIDS through the fundamental measures. AIDS prevention is entirely possible, but can do it. For individuals, in addition to information on the AIDS knowledge, yet to do:
(1) be sure that the illegal blood collection stations do not sell blood, do not set foot in a vice establishment, do not rashly and out of certain places of entertainment; any occasion should maintain a strong awareness of AIDS prevention; do not have any chances; not out of curiosity try drugs.
(2) sick to go to regular clinics, hospital for treatment, pay attention to safety of blood transfusion; less unreliable sterilization of medical devices in particular, individual clinics, medical units injection, tooth extraction, acupuncture, surgery; do not have pierced ears are not sterile instruments, tattoos, beauty.
(3) does not share with others razors, toothbrushes, so as to avoid contact with other body fluids, blood, and items contaminated by others must be promptly disinfected.
(4) Note that the contact with AIDS patients: AIDS patients to the blood and injection, the syringe should be used one-time items, the patient's blood, feces, contaminated items should be thoroughly burned. Vessels of patients and medical equipment to someone special, such as the patient's razor, toothbrush, towels, cups, etc. should be someone special, urinating, washing hands with soap after defecation, the purpose of disinfection can be achieved
(5) the proper use of quality standards for condoms (condoms) can reduce the risk of HIV infection. A sexually transmitted disease or suspected sexually transmitted diseases due early or regular medical institutions designated hospital for examination and treatment.
(High Wen-Chao)
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