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昌吉州代表建议：恢复强制婚检 艾滋病与性病为必检项目
2011-01-18 02:20 来源：天山网 作者：王丽丽
天山网讯（记者王丽丽报道）婚前医学检查率的急剧下降，新生儿出生缺陷上升的现状，在新疆少数民族地区已不仅仅是公共卫生问题，而且成为影响当地经济发展和人们正常生活的社会问题。在今年的“两会”上，昌吉回族自治州代表团建议，恢复强制婚前医学检查（以下简称“婚检”）势在必行。
据了解，自2003年10月1日新的《婚姻登记条例》实施以来，婚检由“强制性”变为“自愿”后，婚检人数急剧减少，婚前保健工作出现了滑坡。随着肝炎、结核病、梅毒等传染性疾病的高发，艾滋病女性感染者的比例不断升高，出生缺陷有逐年上升趋势。游离于婚检之外的传染性疾病对人口素质的提高构成威胁。
代表举例分析，2002年10月1日至2009年9月30日，昌吉市对七年间《婚前医学检查报表》、《孕产妇保健情况表》和《出生缺陷报表》及健康教育问卷调查情况进行了比较分析：婚检率由87％下降为4％。艾滋病母婴传播有上升趋势：自2008年10月启动预防艾滋病母婴传播项目以来，共筛查出10位孕妈妈感染了艾滋病病毒。婚后不孕不育占10％；出生缺陷高达4――6％。
代表告诉记者，新《婚姻登记条例》的出台，给新婚人群赋于了更多自由的同时，也使他们失去了很好地接受生育健康和疾病筛查的机会。该《条例》的实施与《母婴保健法》虽存在法律责任缺失的相关问题，但为提高昌吉州人口素质，维护社会的稳定，加速自治州经济又好又快发展，代表们建议，应尽快出台符合昌吉州实际的规章，通过必要的法律手段完善婚前保健措施，强化婚检这道防线。
代表们建议可以从七个方面解决问题：
一、婚前保健是提高婚姻质量及人口素质的重要措施，应引起高度重视
妇幼保健工作对象主要是妇女、儿童，2/3人口的健康保健服务无疑是一个庞大的服务群体。婚检问题主要是人们对婚检的认识问题，只有动员全社会力量，全方位加大婚前保健健康教育的力度，提高全民对婚前检查的认识，提高婚检率，大力倡导“尊重生命，尊重爱”，才能让婚检成为新人的自觉行动。
二、建立免费强制服务模式的婚检制度
婚检自愿虽然强调了一方的隐私权，但忽略了另一方的知情权。公民义务接受免费婚检，如发现问题，医疗保健机构提出医学意见，由双方当事人作出是否婚检的决定。因此，建议人民政府根据昌吉州实际情况，建立免费强制服务模式的婚检规章。
三、加强内涵建设和队伍建设
围绕昌吉州“十二五”规划，以科技创新、管理创新，加大投入、注重人才培养。以社区（村）为切入点，从青春期、准婚期、新婚期、孕前期、产褥期、育龄期、更年期等个不同时期，选择主治医师以上的专业技术人员进行保健指导。有机开展青春期保健、叶酸补服、生殖健康宫颈癌普查及乳腺癌防治，确保国家公共妇幼卫生项目工作按要求实施。
四、优质服务，提高服务水平
加强婚检机构软硬件投入，完善服务项目，丰富服务内涵，从源头上做好服务。针对“婚检”要求，力争民政、计生、妇幼合属办公，实行人性化一条龙服务，营造整洁“温馨”环境，充分尊重和保护新婚青年的个性隐私，提供方便快捷优质“一对一”服务。推出“俱乐部式”宣教及科普宣传活动，及时进行健康咨询、医学检查、婚后指导等服务，使“婚检中心”真正成为广大准婚青年的健康之家。
五、婚检是常规体检不可替代的
婚前保健包括婚前卫生指导、咨询和检查，而医学检查主要以男女生殖系统为重点，筛查乙肝、梅毒等性传播疾病，婚检不是简单的常规体检，所以开展免费婚前性咨询和婚前性指导是广大医护人员义不容辞的责任。
六、加大财政投入，控制出生缺陷
部分县市政府将免费婚检这一惠民工程已纳入财政预算，但应与妇联、民政、卫生、计生，广播、电视等部门签订目标责任书，才能确保有效婚检率。让婚检成为群众普遍意识，从源头上控制出生缺陷，遏制艾滋病母婴传播，切实提高人口素质。
七、简化免费婚检的程序
通过在居委会发放“免费婚检表”或来民政局领取或网上下载表格形式，方便免费婚检的青年。
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| 图示∶2010年12月即将出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构 |
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Changji suggested: restore mandatory premarital AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases for the project will be seized
2011-01-18 02:20 Source: Tianshan of: Wang Lili
Tianshan (Reporter Lili report) the rate of premarital medical examination sharp decline in the status of increased birth defects in the Xinjiang ethnic minority areas is not only a public health problem, but also an impact on local economic development and people's normal life, social issues . In this year's "two sessions", Autonomous Prefecture delegation proposed to restore compulsory pre-marital medical examination (hereinafter referred to as "premarital") is imperative.
It is understood that on October 1, 2003 Nisshin's "Marriage Registration Ordinance" Since the implementation of pre-marital examination by the "mandatory" to "voluntarily" after the sharp decline in the number of premarital, premarital health landslide occurred. As hepatitis, tuberculosis, syphilis and other infectious diseases, high incidence, the proportion of HIV infected women rising, birth defects, increased year by year. Drifted away from premarital infectious diseases other than improving the quality of the population pose a threat.
Representative examples of, October 1, 2002 to September 30, 2009, the city of seven years Changji "pre-marital medical examination report," "maternal health conditions" and the "birth defects statements" and conduct health education survey a comparative analysis: pre-marital examination rate dropped 87% to 4%. MTCT of HIV on the rise: Since October 2008 the project launched since the prevention of mother to child transmission of AIDS, were screened out of 10 pregnant mothers infected with the AIDS virus. Married, 10% of infertility; birth defects up to 4 - 6%.
Representatives told reporters that the new "Marriage Registration Ordinance," The introduction to the newly married people endowed with more freedom, but also make them less well received reproductive health and disease screening opportunities. The "regulations" to implement the "Maternal and Child Health Law," although there are legal liability issues related to the missing, but to improve the quality of the population Changji, maintain social stability, fast economic growth to accelerate autonomous, they recommended that as soon as possible consistent with the actual introduction of Changji regulations, adopt the necessary legal means to improve the pre-marital health measures to strengthen premarital this line of defense.
It was suggested to solve the problem from seven aspects:
First, premarital health care is to improve the quality of marriage and an important measure of population quality, attention should be paid
MCH targeted mainly women, children, 2 / 3 the population's health care services is undoubtedly a huge service groups. Premarital premarital main problem is that people's understanding of the problem, only mobilize the whole society, comprehensive health education to increase the intensity of pre-marital health, enhance the people's understanding of pre-marital check and improve the rates of premarital and vigorously promote "respect for life, respect for love" antemarital a new order for the conscious action.
Second, the establishment of free compulsory pre-marital examination system in service mode
While stressing the voluntary premarital party's privacy, but ignores the other's right to know. Obligation as a citizen to free premarital examination, found the problem, give medical advice to health care organizations, whether made by the parties decided to opt out decision. Therefore, the proposed People's Government in accordance with the actual situation of Changji, the establishment of free compulsory service model pre-marital examination regulations.
Third, content development and team building to strengthen
Changji around the "second Five-Year" plan, technology innovation, management innovation, increase investment, personnel training. Community (village) as the starting point, from puberty, quasi-marriage, the wedding period, pre-pregnancy period, postpartum, childbearing, menopause and other different period, select the physician more guidance for health professionals. Organic carried adolescent health, folic acid supplement services, reproductive health, cancer screening and breast cancer prevention, to ensure that national public maternal and child health project required implementation.
Fourth, quality service, improve service levels
Into hardware and software to enhance pre-marital examination bodies, improve services, rich content services, good service from the source. For "premarital" requirements, and strive to civil, family planning, maternal and child together is a business, the implementation of user-friendly one-stop services, create a clean and "warm" environment, with full respect for and protection of individual privacy newly married young, to provide convenient high quality "one to one" service . Launched the "club" and the popularization of mission activities, timely health counseling, medical examination, marriage guidance and other services, so that "premarital center" truly become quasi-marital health of young people home.
Fifth, pre-marital examination is a routine physical examination can not be replaced
Premarital health care, including pre-marital guidance, counseling and testing, and medical tests mainly focus on the reproductive system of men and women, screening of hepatitis B, syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases, premarital medical examination is not a simple routine, so the implementation of free pre-marital counseling and marriage guidance is bounden duty of the majority of health care workers.
Sixth, increase financial input and control of birth defects
Part of the county and city governments will be free premarital examination of the Waste Management project has been included in the budget, but it should be with the women's federations, civil affairs, health, family planning, radio, television and other departments to sign target of responsibility, to ensure effective premarital rate. Awareness of the masses so that pre-marital examination as, birth defects from the source control, containment of MTCT of HIV, and effectively improve the population quality.
VII, simplifying the procedure for free premarital
Released by in the neighborhood of "free premarital examination table," or to civil affairs bureau to obtain or download the form online form to facilitate the free premarital youth.
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