人是理性动物吗？经济决策中的框架效应
经济决策的理论历来认为，人从根本上来说是理性动物。然而，人类在许多方面有非理性的特征，其中最引人注目的例子就是所谓的“框架效应”（framing effect），在这一效应下，以肯定或否定的方式做出一种选择对后来的选择具有戏剧性的影响。研究者发现来自决策系统中的情绪偏爱的整合是框架效应产生的潜在原因。更为引人注目的是，他们能预知哪个个体最具理性，即相对来说不受影响框架效应的影响。
编译自This week in Science http://www.sciencemag.org/
Emotions, Rationality, and Decision-Making
Theories of economic decision-making traditionally assume that humans are fundamentally rational creatures. However, humans are reproducibly irrational in a number of characteristic ways. One of the most impressive examples is the so-called "framing effect," where merely casting an option in a positive or negative way has a dramatic influence on subsequent choice. De Martino et al. (p. 684; see news story by Miller) identify the integration of emotional biases arising from an amygdala-based decision-making system as the underlying cause of the framing effect. Most remarkably, they can predict which individuals are most rational, that is, relatively immune to the framing effect.
http://www.sciencemag.org/
经济决策的理论历来认为，人从根本上来说是理性动物。然而，人类在许多方面有非理性的特征，其中最引人注目的例子就是所谓的“框架效应”（framing effect），在这一效应下，以肯定或否定的方式做出一种选择对后来的选择具有戏剧性的影响。研究者发现来自决策系统中的情绪偏爱的整合是框架效应产生的潜在原因。更为引人注目的是，他们能预知哪个个体最具理性，即相对来说不受影响框架效应的影响。
编译自This week in Science http://www.sciencemag.org/
Emotions, Rationality, and Decision-Making
Theories of economic decision-making traditionally assume that humans are fundamentally rational creatures. However, humans are reproducibly irrational in a number of characteristic ways. One of the most impressive examples is the so-called "framing effect," where merely casting an option in a positive or negative way has a dramatic influence on subsequent choice. De Martino et al. (p. 684; see news story by Miller) identify the integration of emotional biases arising from an amygdala-based decision-making system as the underlying cause of the framing effect. Most remarkably, they can predict which individuals are most rational, that is, relatively immune to the framing effect.
http://www.sciencemag.org/