艾滋病死亡率是多少？

艾滋病死亡率是多少？
如果人们都不愿意谈某个传染病的原因，那么这个传染病是很难被遏制的。在中国，在这个过去十年被定义为经济增长和社会开放的国家，沉默仍然是这个国家里人们隐蔽性生活的一种方式，而健康专家说，这种方式并不是没有后果的。尽管大多数工业化国家在过去10年中因艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染的死亡率不断下降，但是中国却在今年2月宣布，艾滋病毒已经于2008年首当其冲成为中国最致命的传染性疾病--这年的头九个月中就有近7000人死于艾滋病感染。他说：“性在学校里是非常难以启齿的事情。恋爱中的性关系也是人们避讳的话题。当然在工作场所谈性更是不可能的事情。”联合国艾滋病规划署在中国的协调员BernhardSchwartländer说，“如果他们不知道，他们怎么能保护自己？”

　　事实上，艾滋病毒现在在医学界被看做是一种可以预防和治疗的病毒，而中国如此大的艾滋病感染者数量则说明政府的各项计划并没有传达到广泛的人群，Schwartländer说。在今年2月份发布的同一份政府工作报告中，中国卫生部也列出全国有264302例诊断出的艾滋病毒感染病例-这个数字比2005年几乎翻了一倍。病例大量增加可能是因为增加了报告和测试，但联合国艾滋病规划署仍然警告说，这个统计数字仅仅只反映出了该病毒真正影响范围的一部分。2007年年底，该组织就说，仍有约七十万感染艾滋病的人生活在中国。在这些人当中，大概有85000人已经被确信患有艾滋病。（见2009十大医学突破）

　　虽然这个数字并不惊人-联合国艾滋病规划署估计，全世界有3300万人感染了艾滋病毒-事情变得更糟的潜在发展趋势令人担忧。作为世界上人口最多的国家，呈上升趋势的传染病会受到极大关注，Schwartländer说。虽然艾滋病毒/艾滋病早在20多年前的许多发达国家就已经是一个明显的公共健康问题，但是中国直到2003年才真正花力气来抑制这个疾病。2002年，由于面临联合国的所谓“泰坦尼克号”报告，（该报告说中国面临着艾滋病蔓延比例难以置信的状况，并把中国领导人比作登上这艘注定难逃一劫的泰坦尼克号的官员，他们不相信这艘船正在下沉，直到为时已晚）北京在第二年推出了首个国家保健计划，为感染这种病毒的人提供免费服务。“长期以来，中国错过了可以解决艾滋病的机会，”Schwartländer说，“他们试图避免这个问题，而我认为他们其实是忽视这个问题。”

　　因此，今天艾滋病在中国的污名依然强劲-且具有潜在的危险。在一份2008年由中国艾滋病媒体合作的调查中有超过6000人接受了调查。近48％的受访者表示，如果他们知道对方是艾滋病感染者，他们就不会和这位感染者一同吃饭；30%的受访者表示，艾滋病毒呈阳性的儿童不应被允许和同一所学校的其他未受感染的儿童在一起学习；40％的受访者表示，如果他们知道某个同事HIV呈阳性，他们就不愿意和这位同事一起工作。政府已采取措施来改善这种态度，其中包括2006年3月实施了一项反歧视法，但这些调查结果对于教育人们保护自己不受感染起不到任何作用。“这不是一件可以在一夜之间改变的事情，”Schwartlander说。“人们必须得了解这个事实。”艾滋病死亡率正逐步的下降。

AIDS mortality is the number?
If people are reluctant to talk about the reasons for a particular infectious disease, then the epidemic is difficult to contain. In China, in this past decade has been defined as economic growth and social and open country, silence is still hidden in this country where people are a way of life, but health experts say this approach is not without consequences. While most industrialized countries in the past 10 years due to HIV / AIDS mortality rates declining, but China was announced in February of this year, the HIV virus in 2008, the first casualty of China's most deadly infectious diseases - in this year in the first nine months alone, nearly 7,000 people died of AIDS. He said: "Sex in school is very hard to tell things. Love is also a taboo against sexual relations topic. Of course, talking about sex in the workplace is even more impossible." UNAIDS coordinator in China, BernhardSchwartländer "If they do not know how they can protect themselves?"

In fact, HIV is now in the medical profession was seen as a preventable and treatable viruses, while China is such a large number of people living with HIV is illustrated in various government programs and did not convey a wide range of people, Schwartländer said. Released in February this year, with a government work report, the Chinese Ministry of Health is also listed in the country, 264,302 cases of diagnosed HIV infections - more than in 2005 this figure had almost doubled. A substantial increase in cases may be due to increased reporting and testing, but the United Nations AIDS Program is still warned that the statistics merely reflected only the real impact of the virus, part of the scope. The end of 2007, the organization says that, there were about 700,000 HIV-infected people live in China. Among these people, there are about 85,000 people have been convinced that living with AIDS. (See the 2009 top ten medical breakthroughs)

While this figure is not surprising - the United Nations AIDS Program estimates that worldwide 33 million people are infected with HIV - the potential development matters worse a worrying trend. As the world's most populous country, the rise of infectious diseases will be of great concern, Schwartländer said. Although HIV / AIDS, more than 20 years ago in many developed countries already is a significant public health problem, but China has until 2003 to spend a real effort to curb the disease. In 2002, in the face of the United Nations so-called "Titanic" report, (the report says China is facing the situation of incredible proportion of the spread of AIDS and that China's leaders than to board a ship destined to escape the calamity of the Titans Nick No. officials, they did not believe the ship sank, until it was too late) Beijing the following year launched the first national health care plan for people infected with the virus to provide free services. "For a long time, China missed an opportunity of AIDS can be resolved," Schwartländer said, "they tried to avoid this problem, but I think they actually ignore this problem."

Therefore, today, the stigma of AIDS in China remains strong - and potentially dangerous. In a 2008 co-operation by the China AIDS Media survey, more than 6,000 people were surveyed. Nearly 48% of the respondents indicated that if they know the other person is HIV infected, they will not eat together, and the infected person; 30% of the respondents indicated that HIV-positive children should not be allowed and the same schools and other non-infected children with learning; 40% of the respondents said that if they knew a colleague HIV positive, they are unwilling to work with his colleagues. The Government has taken measures to improve this approach, including the March 2006 implementation of an anti-discrimination law, but these findings to educate people to protect themselves from infection not have any effect. "This is not something that can change things overnight," Schwartlander said. "People have to understand the facts." Gradual decline in AIDS mortality.

艾滋病病毒潜伏期
艾滋病病毒潜伏期，感染者可以没有任何临床症状，但潜伏期不是静止期，更不是安全期，病毒在持续繁殖，具有强烈的破坏作用。潜伏期指的是从感染HIV开始，到出现艾滋病临床症状和体征的时间。艾滋病的平均潜伏期，现在认为是1-3年。这对早期发现病人及预防都造成很大困难。

　　爱滋病病毒潜伏期症状主要分为以下四大点，有疑似艾滋病患者的朋友可以仔细对照，不明情况建议立即上医生就诊：

　　爱滋病病毒潜伏期症状特点1．全身症状
　　艾滋病患者的临床症状最常见的是反复出现的低热（约占72％），伴有寒战、消瘦、疲乏无力，体重下降（可达5～22公斤），继之极度嗜睡无力，不能支持平常的体力活动。慢性腹泻也是某些艾滋病人的十分明显的早期临床表现。并且常找不到发热、腹泻和体重减轻的原因。根据38例艾滋病的临床表现特征分析，以上症状及体征均占总病例数的80％以上。

　　爱滋病病毒潜伏期症状特点2．淋巴结肿大
　　发生率为55％～100％，当高危人群患者出现全身淋巴结肿大又不能用其他原因解释时，很可能与艾滋病毒感染有关。肿大的淋巴结虽然是全身性的，但是多见于颈后、颌下或腋下淋巴结。肿大的淋巴结不融合，质硬，偶有压痛，表面皮肤无改变。淋巴结肿大的程度与血清内艾滋病抗体滴度高低相关。此外，艾滋病伴发有淋巴瘤，包括Burkitts淋巴瘤，免疫母细胞淋巴瘤及何杰金氏病等亦可发生淋巴结肿大。

　　爱滋病病毒潜伏期症状特点3．皮肤损害
　　皮肤粘膜是艾滋病侵袭的主要部位之一。许多艾滋病患者是以皮肤损害为首发症状的。在临床上有多种表现，如皮疹、全身瘙痒、尖锐湿疣，接触性湿疣、荨麻疹等。但皮肤损害最具特征的是卡波济氏肉瘤的皮肤改变，其损害表现在后面章节还要专门介绍，在此不多述。

　　爱滋病病毒潜伏期症状特点4．中枢神经系统症状
　　神经紊乱病症已被公认为儿童与成年人艾滋病患者发病与致死的常见原因。临床表现有20%～40%的艾滋病患者有神经性疾病。在尸体检验中有中枢神经系统疾病的患者高达7Q％～80％，中枢神经系统症状常与各种机会感染引起的症状并存，较常见的有亚急性脑炎。本病为原因不明、无明显炎症反应，非特异性白质变性、常为艾滋病的首发症状，往往以疲倦、性欲减退等起病，后期发展为严重痴呆。

　　据美国纽约对102例患艾滋病死亡者作尸检时发现，96例（占94．1％）有弥散性或局限性脑病变。这些患者死前显有痴呆症的65例中，45例（占69．2％）有弥散性脑病变。此外还有报导，对235例艾滋病患者做精神神经病的会诊，发现有121例（占51．5％）患有不同程度的痴呆。另外，后期患者常可见条件致病菌所诱发的脑炎或大脑炎。
Incubation period of HIV
The incubation period of HIV infection can not have any clinical symptoms, but the latency is not quiescent, but not the rhythm, the virus in the continuous breeding, with a strong damaging. The incubation period refers to the infection of HIV from the beginning, to the emergence of AIDS clinical symptoms and signs of time. The average incubation period of AIDS is now considered to be 1-3 years. This early detection and prevention of patients have caused great difficulties.

The symptoms of the AIDS virus incubation period is divided into the following four points, there is a friend of suspected AIDS patients can be carefully controlled, unknown to recommend immediate medical treatment on:

Symptoms of the AIDS virus incubation period is characterized by a. Systemic symptoms
The clinical symptoms of AIDS is the most common recurring low heat (about 72%), accompanied by chills, weight loss, fatigue, weakness, weight loss (up to 5 ~ 22 kg), followed by extreme lethargy weakness, can not support the usual physical activity. Chronic diarrhea is also very obvious in some people with AIDS, the early clinical manifestations. And often can not find the fever, diarrhea and weight loss reasons. According to the clinical manifestations of 38 cases of AIDS, characteristics of the above symptoms and signs, the total number of cases account for more than 80%.

Characteristic symptoms of the AIDS virus incubation period is 2. Lymphadenopathy
The incidence of 55% ~ 100%, when the high risk patients with systemic lymph node enlargement can be used for other reasons not explained, it may be related to HIV infection. Swollen lymph nodes, although systemic in nature, but more common in posterior cervical, submandibular or axillary lymph nodes. Swollen lymph nodes are not integrated, quality hardware, occasional tenderness, the surface skin, no change. Lymph nodes of the extent and level of serum antibody titer of AIDS-related. In addition, there is lymphoma associated with AIDS, including Burkitts lymphoma, immunoblastic lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease can also occur such as lymph nodes.

Symptoms of the AIDS virus incubation period is characterized by 3. Skin Damage
HIV attacks the skin and mucous membranes is one of the main parts. Many AIDS patients is a skin lesion as the first symptom. There are a variety of clinical manifestations such as rash, body itching, genital warts and contact condyloma, urticaria. But the most characteristic skin lesions are Kaposi's sarcoma of the skin changes in the performance of the damage but also in later chapters devoted to, in this small state.

Symptoms of the AIDS virus incubation period is characterized by four. Of central nervous system symptoms
Neurological disorders has been recognized as a disease of children and adults living with AIDS incidence and common causes of death. Clinical manifestations of 20% to 40% of AIDS patients have neurological disease. In the autopsy in patients with central nervous system diseases as high as 7Q% ~ 80%, central nervous system symptoms are often associated with a variety of symptoms caused by the coexistence of opportunistic infections, more common are sub-acute encephalitis. This disease of unknown cause, no obvious inflammatory response, non-specific white degeneration, and often the first symptom of AIDS, often with fatigue, loss of libido and other onset, later developing severe dementia.

According to the U.S. in New York on 102 cases of AIDS deaths for autopsy found, 96 cases (94.1%) had diffuse or focal cerebral lesions. These patients have significant dementia before his death, 65 cases, 45 cases (69.2%) had diffuse encephalopathy. There are also reports of 235 cases of AIDS in a patient's mental neuropathy of the consultation found that there were 121 cases (51.5%) suffering from varying degrees of dementia. In addition, the latter often see opportunistic pathogen in patients with encephalitis or big-induced encephalitis.