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渴望结婚：艾滋病患者想要一个家
2009年12月02日 08:02:50 来源：新华网
新华网南宁１２月１日专电(记者周丹丹、程群) 想要一个家——艾滋病患者渴望结婚正成为不容忽视的问题。
一种声音指出，艾滋病患者结婚要采取预先防控措施，以免把艾滋病病毒传染给更多人；另一种声音则认为，我们应当区别对待艾滋病和艾滋病病人，既不为体现对病人的关爱而降低对疾病的重视，也不为了对艾滋病的过度防范而隔离、歧视和惧怕艾滋病人。艾滋病患者结婚，到底是尊重他们的生活权利，还是尊重我们的社会道德？
被确诊为ＨＩＶ阳性后，娶妻生子依然是他的生活规划
３０岁的陆某蜷缩在病床的一角，他的脸色透出一种不正常的暗黑，干瘦干瘦的手反复摩挲着被角，好像想抓住什么。在采访的过程中他会陷入一种瞬间恍惚，突然自嘲地笑了：“你相信吗？我这４０天瘦了４０多斤。”在４０天前，也就是１０月份他被确诊为ＨＩＶ阳性。
１７岁就离开家的他，已经有１３年的打工史。在广州一家酒店当上厨师后，他开始攒钱准备娶媳妇。可是，稳定的生活在半年前被打破了，“我开始持续腹泻、发烧，瘦得像鬼一样，锅铲都拿不稳。”被折磨得受不了的陆某偷偷从广东回到家乡，在广西确诊后，接受艾滋病治疗。“半个月就花了７０００多元，家里倒还付得起，只是这一病不知道什么时候才能娶上媳妇了。”
近年来，异性传播成为艾滋病的主要传播途径，在２００９年１—１０月报告的ＨＩＶ感染者中异性传播占６０．９％，报告ＡＩＤＳ病人中异性传播占７６．６％。进一步分析表明，７９％为非婚异性性接触传播。
陆某也是非婚异性性接触传播的感染者，“我所打工的酒店里有小姐，那些小姐没事就跑厨房里和厨师玩闹。”他和这些小姐有５年的性生活史，并不清楚是哪一次感染上了ＨＩＶ病毒。“刚知道结果的时候，感觉天都快塌了。现在病情稳定了，也不发烧腹泻，我感觉自己好像正常了一样。”
自我感觉正常的陆某，结婚又成为他的生活规划。当记者询问他出院后如何打算时，他的想法依然是娶妻生子。
医学足够发达，可以满足他娶妻生子的愿望
“如果夫妻双方已经知道配偶病情的真实情况，依然愿意结婚，我们为什么要剥夺艾滋病病人婚姻的权利呢？”广西壮族自治区卫生厅艾滋病防治处副处长陈杰说。
１９９９年，卫生部下发了《关于印发对艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病病人管理意见的通知》。《通知》规定，艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病病人及其家属不受歧视，他们享有公民依法享有的权利和社会福利。不能剥夺艾滋病病毒感染者工作、学习、享受医疗保健和参加社会活动的权利，也不能剥夺其子女入托、入学、就业等权利。
同时，《通知》中明确说明，艾滋病病人应暂缓结婚，艾滋病病毒感染者如申请结婚，双方应接受医学咨询。
“从医学的角度看，艾滋病并不可怕。目前艾滋病虽然没办法治愈，但是鸡尾酒疗法已经能有效延长艾滋病患者的寿命。”南宁市第四人民医院感染科主治医师李伟新说，“鸡尾酒疗法能有效增加患者体内Ｔ细胞中ＣＤ４的含量。ＣＤ４就像军队建立起防线，将艾滋病病毒阻拦在防线之外。”
但是，如果停止服药，即使还剩下０．００１％的病毒，病毒也会卷土重来。“医生在对艾滋病患者进行治疗前，先要进行依从性教育，告诉他们按时服药的重要性和不服药将产生的严重后果。”李伟新说。
“所以，没有必要谈艾色变。”陈杰说，“但对于想建立家庭的艾滋病患者，我们希望患者把真实情况告诉配偶。如果按照医生建议，夫妻双方采取得当的保护措施，发生艾滋病病毒感染的几率将大大降低。此外，现在的医学技术能有效隔断艾滋病病毒的母婴传播，艾滋病患者拥有健康的孩子，并不是太困难的事。”
生活权利和社会道德，该选择什么
据统计，广西艾滋病性途径传播的比例从２００６年４２．３％上升到了２００９年的６０％以上。陈杰说，性传播成为主要传染途径，这是艾滋病从高危人群向一般人群扩散的信号。
一位专家在接受记者采访时说，由于艾滋病感染者的无症状感染期长达８—１０年，如果没有固定性伴侣，不采取预先防控措施，很可能会把艾滋病病毒传染给更多人。此外，由于婚检取消，如果艾滋病患者打算隐瞒病情，那就严重侵害了健康一方对配偶病情的知情权。
但是，也有另一种声音。“我们需要对艾滋病有一个正常的认识。艾滋病是可怕的，艾滋病的流行会造成严重的社会后果，但艾滋病病人不是可怕的。”李伟新说，“我们应当有能力区分对待艾滋病和艾滋病病人，只有这样才能就事论理，既不为体现对病人的关爱而降低疾病的可怕性，也不为了对艾滋病的过度防范而隔离、歧视和惧怕艾滋病人。”
截至１０月３１日，我国累计报告艾滋病感染者和病人３１９８７７例，其中艾滋病病人１０２３２３例，报告死亡病例４９８４５例。今年１—１０月，广西新报告艾滋病感染者６３１５例，艾滋病病人３３２２例，平均每天约有３０人被传染上艾滋病。“数字的攀升很可怕，但是还有很多没表现出症状的感染者没被统计上，游离在管理控制之外，他们当然享有性生活、享有组建家庭的权利。但是从社会道德而言，他们作为感染源，让防控更困难。”陈杰忧心忡忡地说。
正如濮存昕日前在南宁举行的大型宣传艾滋病防治活动上所说，艾滋病是一种疾病，更是一个社会问题，我们每个人都应该承担责任、落实措施。我们要宽容、关爱艾滋病感染者和患者，患者要牢固树立“感染到我为止”的观念。只有全社会一起努力，才能把防治艾滋病的工作做好。
Eager to get married: AIDS patients want a home
December 2, 2009 08:02:50 Source: Xinhua
NANNING, December 1 (Xinhuanet Chow Tan Tan, Cheng groups) want a home - people living with AIDS are becoming eager to get married should not be ignored.
A voice that married people living with AIDS prevention and control measures to be taken in advance to avoid the AIDS virus to more people; the other voices that we should distinguish between AIDS and AIDS patients, neither for the realization of the patient's care and to reduce the importance of disease, or AIDS in order to prevent the excessive segregation, discrimination and fear of people with AIDS. AIDS, marriage, in the end is to respect their right to life, or respect for our social ethics?
Have been diagnosed as HIV-positive after a wife is still his life planning
30-year-old Lumou huddle in a corner bed, his face revealing an abnormal dark, skinny bony hands were repeatedly Mosa Zhao angle, as if to seize anything. In the interview, during which he will fall into a trance moments, suddenly self-deprecating smile: "Do you believe it? My 40 days lost 40 kilos." 40 days ago, that is, in October he was diagnosed as HIV-positive .
17-year-old left home, he has 13 years of working history. Hotels in Guangzhou became a chef, he began to save money ready to marry a wife. However, a stable life was broken in half a year ago, "I started to diarrhea, fever, thin as devils, spatula are Nabu Wen." Have been tortured can not stand the Lumou secretly returned home from Guangdong, in the Guangxi after diagnosis to receive AIDS treatment. "Half a month, spent over 7,000 yuan, and the family Daohai affordable, but this disease can not know when to marry the wife of."
In recent years, heterosexual transmission became the main route of transmission of AIDS in 2009, from January to October reported HIV infections in heterosexual transmission accounted for 60.9%, the report heterosexual spread of AIDS patients accounted for 76.6%. Further analysis showed that 79% of non-married heterosexual contact.
Lumou is also a non-marital heterosexual contact transmission of the infection, "What I'm working with the hotel, Miss Miss nothing to those who ran the kitchen and cooks slapstick." Miss him and the five-year sexual history is not clear which one was infected with HIV. "Just know the result when the feeling of days faster collapse. Now in stable condition, and no fever, diarrhea, I feel that they were the same as normal."
Lumou the normal sense of self, marriage has become his life planning. When a reporter asked him how the plan after discharge from hospital, his ideas still start their families.
Medical are sophisticated enough to satisfy his desire to marry
"If both spouses already know the real situation of spouses of illness, was still willing to get married, why should we deprive the rights of a marriage, AIDS patients?" Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Health Department, AIDS prevention and control, said Chen Jie, Deputy Director.
In 1999, the Ministry of Health issued "Regulations on the issuance of HIV infected persons and AIDS patients to inform management advice." "Notice" provisions of HIV infected persons and AIDS patients and their families are not discriminated against, their enjoyment of their civil rights under the law and social welfare. HIV-infected persons can not be deprived of work, study, access to health care and the right to participate in social activities, can not deprive them of their children, nursery school, education, employment and other rights.
Meanwhile, the "notice" clearly shows that AIDS patients should be suspended marriage, HIV-infected persons, such as applying for a marriage, both sides should accept the medical consultation.
"From a medical point of view, AIDS is not terrible. Although the epidemic is currently no way to cure, but the cocktail therapy has been able to effectively prolong the life of people living with AIDS." Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning City, Department of Infectious Diseases physician Li Wei-hsin, "cocktail therapy can effectively increase in T cells in vivo in patients with CD4 levels. CD4 establish a line of defense is like an army, will block the line of defense outside of HIV. "
However, if the medication stops, even if the remaining 0.001% of the virus, the virus may stage a comeback. "Doctors in the pre-treatment to AIDS patients, have to carry out to comply with sex education, telling them the importance of regular medication and without medication will have serious consequences." Wei-hsin.
"Therefore, there is no need to talk about Ai mere mention." Mr Chan said, "but who want to establish a family living with AIDS, we hope to patients to inform spouses of the real situation. If in accordance with the doctor's advice, the couple both sides to take appropriate measures to protect HIV occurs will greatly reduce the risk of infection. In addition, the current medical technology can effectively cut off the mother to child transmission of HIV, AIDS patients have a healthy child, is not too difficult. "
Rights of life and social ethics, the choice of what
According to statistics, Guangxi, the proportion of sexual transmission of AIDS in 2006 increased 42.3% to 60% or more in 2009. Chen Jie said that as a major mode of transmission of sexually transmitted, it is AIDS high-risk groups to the general population from the spread of the signal.
One expert said in an interview, due to asymptomatic HIV-infected persons infected with period of up to 8-10 years, if there is no fixity partners, prevention and control measures are not taken in advance, it might give more people with HIV infection . In addition, pre-marital examination canceled, if the AIDS disease intend to hide, it would seriously encroach on the health of one spouse the right to know the disease.
However, there is another voice. "We need to have a normal understanding of AIDS. AIDS is terrible, the AIDS epidemic will cause serious social consequences of AIDS patients, but not terrible." Li Wei-hsin, "We should be able to distinguish between treatment of AIDS and AIDS patients, , the only way things can be done reasoning, neither for the realization of the patient's care and to reduce the terrible nature of the disease, or AIDS in order to prevent the excessive segregation, discrimination and fear of people with AIDS. "
As of October 31, the cumulative reported HIV infections and 319,877 cases of patients, of which 102,323 cases of AIDS patients, reports 49,845 cases of deaths. From January to October this year, Guangxi new report were 6315 cases of HIV infections, AIDS patients, 3322 cases, the daily average of about 30 people have been infected with HIV. "Digital's rise is terrible, but there are not many of those infected show symptoms of not being statistically significant, and free outside the control in the management, they will certainly enjoy the sex life and enjoy a family's rights. But from the social morality is concerned, them as a source of infection, so prevention and control more difficult. "Jie says with concern.
As the Pu Cunxin, held recently in Nanning, large-scale publicity activities mentioned AIDS, AIDS is a disease, but also a social problem, each of us should take responsibility for implementing the measures. We want tolerance, care and patients living with HIV, patients should firmly establish the "infection to me so far" perspective. Until the whole society to work together in order to make the fight against AIDS, do a good job.
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