"佛山3患者治血友病染艾滋索赔600万"案开庭

"佛山3患者治血友病染艾滋索赔600万"案开庭
来源：南方都市报　2009-09-10 09:07:42 　作者：　　

■《治血友病染艾滋佛山3患者索赔600万》追踪

之前，国内不少地方法院对此类案件，或直接驳回，或受理而不开庭。而此案开庭和判决，有可能成为国内法院审理此类案件的标本。

——— 李楯

本报讯佛山三艾滋病患者告上海生物制品研究所(简称上生所)索赔600万元一案，昨日在禅城区法院一审开庭，卫生部艾滋病专家咨询委员会委员李楯教授为原告出庭作证。李楯表示，此案为2005年原卫生部副部长王陇德批示拿出解决此类问题的解决方案后，国内首例开庭的同类案件。

今年4月底，佛山三位艾滋病患者陆续把上生所告上法庭。他们坚信，自己因治疗血友病时使用上生所未经去毒灭活冻干人凝血因子Ⅷ(以下简称“八因子”)而感染艾滋病。

立案五个月后，昨日本案在禅城区法院一审开庭，佛山三患者索赔诉讼被合并审理。

三位患者都是二十余岁的年轻男子，家住禅城，作为原告，行动不便的他们必须出庭。昨日开庭前，两位患者因膝部残疾，基本丧失行走能力，由他们的父亲背负着，从法院大厅缓慢地爬了两层楼梯，才到达位于三楼的法庭。

由于自幼患血友病，加上近年感染艾滋，出庭的三个患者脸色苍白，其中二人面部略显浮肿，躲在原告席的边上不愿被旁听人员看到。长达三个半小时的开庭中，三人基本保持沉默，一言不发，由他们的父母代为陈述。

作为被告的上生所高层并未出现，他们只委托一位律师，从上海赶到佛山出庭应诉。

而一位特殊的证人，卫生部艾滋病专家咨询委员会委员、中国性病艾滋病防治协会法律政策工作委员会主任李楯教授特意从北京赶来，为原告出庭作证。法庭上，李楯教授称，对使用第八因子感染(艾滋病)的患者，上生所“负有不可推卸的责任”。

对此，上生所的律师则称，李楯教授只是法学和公共政策专家，而非医学专家，专家出庭作证，应从医学的角度，从感染艾滋病与使用上生所产品因果关系进行分析，而无权对法律责任认定作证。

昨日庭审上，原告还提出对三患者伤残程度进行司法鉴定，以确定实际受损害程度。

中午12点半，本案审理接近尾声，主审法官主持双方调解，但一位患者的父亲赵伟(化名)坚持“反对调解”，一定要等待法院的判决结果，另两位患者及父母表示赞同。

“先解决补偿和治疗问题”

专访卫生部艾滋病专家咨询委员会委员李楯

庭审结束后，李楯教授接受了本报记者采访。

记者：您对今天开庭有何评价？

李楯：佛山此次开庭，是2005年8月，原卫生部副部长王陇德对血友病人感染艾滋病问题批示，要求拿出解决方案后，国内首例向上生所提起民事赔偿并开庭的案件。之前，国内不少地方法院对此类案件，或直接驳回，或受理而不开庭，而此案开庭和判决，有可能成为国内法院审理此类案件的标本。

记者：在之前您和其他专家向卫生部建议的方案中，为何提到原则是“搁置责任，解决问题”？

李楯：血友病用八因子感染艾滋病的人，全国范围内至少有百人。这些人的生命在和时间赛跑，如不及时治疗，随时都有病危可能。若先追究责任，则争论无休无止，反不利于问题的解决。

我们的考虑是先解决受害人的实际困难，让他们先得到补偿，以进行有效治疗。目前很多此类家庭非常痛苦，补偿能有一定帮助。在先把补偿和治疗问题解决后，受害者可进行一次集团诉讼，追究企业的民事赔偿责任。

记者：国外一些国家对血友病患者统一免费发放八因子药物，这样既减轻血友病患者经济负担，也能相对保证药品的安全，国内有无参照实行的可能？

李楯：国内目前最急需的，是建立覆盖全体国民、城乡一体的医保体系。财政对医保投入要使得每个公民公平享有。但在2000年，W H O发布世界卫生报告，在191个国家和地区中，中国财政用于卫生服务的公正性排名倒数第四。

现在把血友病人使用的八因子费用全部纳入医保，还是比较困难。医保的第一要求是公平性，相对而言，免费供应八因子只能覆盖少部分人，且费用昂贵。当然，一些财政相对富裕的地方，可考虑实行，不过我认为医保的大头还是应该中央出钱。

记者：对于解决国内过百名血友感染艾滋患者的问题，您和其他专家向卫生部主要提出了哪些政策建议？

李楯：我们的政策建议方案主要有三点。第一是要向每个受害者统一支付一次性赔偿(最初的建议是每人10万)；每月给予生活救助，额度为当地最低工资的1.5倍，由上生所和地方低保平均分担；此外受害者的救治费用，包括受害者感染的艾滋病、乙肝、丙肝治疗，乃至需配套治疗的血友病，都由中央和地方防治艾滋病资金支出。

第二，我们认为，通过诉讼索赔是每个受害者的公民权利。当有些受害者无足够证据时，只能依靠国家政策，但如果他们掌握到充分证据，则依然能通过法律诉讼追偿。

第三，我们建议国务院或全国人大对此事成立专门调查委员会，对当年血友病患者使用八因子感染艾滋病事件进行彻底调查，并追究相关当事人的刑事责任。

争议焦点

补偿协议是否为赔偿最终方案？

庭上，上生所律师表示，已与佛山三患者签订救助协议，予以每位患者一次性资金救助10万元，此是上生所向三患者赔偿的最终方案。同时，她认为，佛山三位患者已享受政府救助，不应再索赔。

患者父亲赵伟出示，今年4月上生所与三患者签订的补充协议上明确：“受救助者在收到上生所10万元救助款及签署救助协议后，以今后的国家相关政策及有关法律法规为准，寻求相关部门救助。如能通过法律程序解决，受救助者仍享有及保留相关权利。”

检测产品是否含艾滋病毒，是否为上生所义务？

李楯教授和三位患者的代理律师都提出，早在1987年，国务院批准颁发的卫生部等六机关《艾滋病监测管理的若干规定》中，即有“血液和血制品必须进行艾滋病病毒抗体监测”的规定，上生所应对自己九十年代初生产的八因子是否含有艾滋病毒进行检测。

上生所代理律师则称，1987年的规定主要针对的是从境外传入的血制品，而且规定针对的对象是行政职能部门的监测，没有提出企业具有检测的义务。

“上生所作为当时国内血制品水平最高的机构，连八因子是否带毒检测都没有，他们当时还认为艾滋病就是在国外，在中国是没有的。”庭下，李楯教授感叹称。

到底谁应负责？

上生所律师称，此问题的解决，还是主要依靠政府，艾滋病感染是一个复杂的问题，不能当作简单的法律问题看待。她还表示，佛山三血友病患者感染艾滋病的潜因多种多样，虽有邮寄购买上生所八因子记录，但不能证明就注射使用了，患者也可能使用了其他的八因子产品，不能证明责任人无法确定。

赵伟称，他们提起的是产品质量损害赔偿，法律上实行举证责任倒置，而不必原告证明损害的因果关系。

专家作证

卫生部艾滋病专家咨询委员会委员李楯教授在庭审时作证，主要表述以下两点：

1.建议方案易稿12次卫生部仍未有定论

昨日，出庭作证的李楯教授表示，2005年8月，原卫生部副部长王陇德批示，希望卫生部的艾滋病专家咨询委员会政策法律伦理组能就“既往经输血感染和使用第八因子感染(艾滋病)的处理问题研究提供政策意见”，作为卫生部艾滋病专家咨询委员会委员，他参加了这一工作。

李楯教授介绍，当时他就提出“搁置责任，解决问题”的原则，并和其他专家委员多次向卫生部提交政策建议方案。但三年期间，未获较大进展，直到去年4月10日，他在北京参加政府为解决此事的会议，当时专家委员们的政策建议方案已经是第12稿。之后，该事项又停滞下来，卫生部至今未有定论。

2.上生所“负有不可推卸的责任”

在法庭上，李楯还作证称，自己在上述工作中了解到，上生所是国内研究和生产生物制品的国家级高新技术企业，拥有数百名具有高、中级职称的专家，导致血友病人感染艾滋病等的血制品，其当年的技术规范《制造及检定规程》就是由上生所专家制定，而致血制品使人感染艾滋病，是他们未尽法律上的注意义务。

李楯教授还称，上生所在1995年卫生部发文，禁止生产和临床使用未经病毒去除或灭活的凝血因子类血液制品后，特别是之前已知有人因使用此类血制品而感染艾滋病，未能采取积极补救措施，召回已出厂产品，通知产品使用者及其配偶去医院做艾滋病等检测，致使危害加重，更负有不可推卸的责任。

事件回放

治疗血友病染艾滋

1998年以后，全国陆续出现百余名涉嫌使用上海生物制品研究所(简称上生所)血液制品感染艾滋病的血友病患者。

佛山三位血友病患者，在1990年至1996年间，一直单独或一起向上生所购买凝血八因子。2001年至2005年间，三位患者陆续被佛山疾控中心确诊感染艾滋病和丙肝。三位患者认为，自己的父母家属均无艾滋病感染，自己确诊艾滋病前无性接触，而三人自年幼患血友病，长年注射上生所的八因子，唯一感染途径就是血液感染。2008年11月24日，国家信访局对全国多位类似患者的投诉做出回复，建议患者通过法律途径正当索赔。

今年4月底，佛山一位患者的父亲赵伟(化名)，以产品质量损害赔偿纠纷为由，将上生所告上法庭。5月6日，此案获禅城区法院立案。同月，另两名患者的起诉也获禅城区法院受理。

之后，上生所对三起诉讼提出管辖权异议，但于今年7月7日皆被禅城区法院驳回。

据悉，三位患者每人索赔都近200万，合计总额近600万元。

"Foshan three HIV-infected patients with hemophilia administration claims 6 million" case hearing
Source: Southern Metropolis Daily 2009-09-10 09:07:42 Author:

     ■ "Governance HIV-infected hemophilia patients Foshan three claims 6 million," Tracking

     Prior to quite a few such cases the District Court, or directly rejected, or accepted without trial. The case trial and sentencing, it is possible to become a national court to hear such cases specimens.

     --- Li Dun

     WASHINGTON, Foshan three AIDS patients sue Shanghai Biological Products Institute (referred to as the student is) claims six million yuan a case Chancheng District Court yesterday in the first instance court, the Ministry of Health Expert Advisory Committee on AIDS, Professor Li Dun of the plaintiff to testify in court. Li Dun, said the case for 2005, the former Deputy Minister of Health Wang Longde instructions come up with a solution to solve such problems, the country's first trial of similar cases.

     By the end of April this year, Foshan three AIDS patients in succession to the student is in court. They are convinced that their own due to the treatment of hemophiliacs, without the use of the student is the detoxification of human coagulation factor inactivation of freeze-dried Ⅷ (hereinafter referred to as "eight factor") and AIDS.

     Placed on file Five months later, Chancheng District Court yesterday the case in the court of first instance, Foshan, three patients were joinder of claims litigation.

     3 patients were over 20-year-old young man, who lives in Chancheng, as a plaintiff, and impaired mobility, they must appear in court. Yesterday's hearing before the two patients because of knee disability, the basic loss of ability to walk by their father, burdened with, from the court hall, two layers of slowly climbing the stairs, before reaching the third floor of the court is located.

     Since an early age, haemophilia, HIV infection in recent years, appearing pale three patients, two of whom face a bit puffy, hiding the edge of the plaintiff I do not want to see is observing the session. Up to three and a half-hour sessions, three remained silent, without uttering a word, from a statement on behalf of their parents.

     As the defendant does not appear on the student is the high-level, they only asked a lawyer, arrived from Shanghai, Foshan court appearance.

     And a special witness, the Ministry of Health AIDS Expert Advisory Committee, the Chinese Association of STD & AIDS Prevention Working Committee, director of legal policy, Professor Li Dun specially come from Beijing, for the plaintiff to testify in court. The court, Professor Li Dun, said the use of factor VIII infection (AIDS) patients, the student is "not shirk its responsibility."

     In this regard, the student is the lawyer claimed, Professor Li Dun just law and public policy experts, rather than the medical experts, expert witness to testify from the medical perspective, from the infection of AIDS and the use of the product Health and causal analysis, has no right to testify on liability found.

     Yesterday the trial, the plaintiffs also raised the degree of disability of the three patients with a judicial appraisal, in order to determine the actual extent of damage to.

     12:30, the case towards the end of the trial, the trial judge presided over the mediation the two sides, but a patient's father, Zhao Wei (a pseudonym) insist on "no mediation", we must wait for the court's ruling, and the other two patients and parents agreed .

     "First solve the compensation and treatment issues"

     Interview with Ministry of Health AIDS Advisory Committee of Experts Li Dun

     After the trial, Professor Li Chun accepted the newspaper reporters.

     Reporter: Do you have any comment on today's hearing?

     Li Dun: Foshan, the court was in August 2005, the former Deputy Minister of Health Wang Longde right people are infected with AIDS, hemophilia instructions required to produce the solution, the country's first case of progressive student is to sue in compensation and court cases. Prior to quite a few such cases the District Court, or directly rejected, or accepted without trial, while the case is trial and sentencing, it is possible to become the domestic courts of specimens of such cases.

     Reporter: You and other experts in the previous proposal to the Ministry of Health program, why that principle is "set aside the responsibility to solve the problem?"

     Li Dun: hemophilia factor with eight HIV-infected people, there are at least 100 people across the country. These people's life in a race against time, if not promptly treated, may be critically ill at any time. If the first be held accountable, then the endless debate, and anti-is not conducive to resolve the problem.

     We have considered the victim of the practical difficulties are resolved first, so that they be compensated first, to carry out effective treatment. At present, many of these families is very painful, compensation can have some support. In the compensation and treatment should first solve the problem, the victim can be a class action, civil liability for corporate accountability.

     Reporter: some foreign countries to a unified free distribution of patients with hemophilia factor 8 drug, then it will reduce the economic burden of patients with hemophilia, but also relative to ensure the safety of drugs, the domestic availability of light may be imposed?

     Li Dun: China is currently the most urgently needed is the establishment covering all citizens, urban and rural integrated health-care system. Finance health insurance for every citizen input to make equitable access. However, in 2000, WHO published World Health Report, in 191 countries and regions, China's fiscal expenditure on health services of the fairness of fourth from bottom.

     Now the eight factors used by hemophiliacs include all costs of medical insurance, or more difficult. The first requirement is that health insurance fairness, relatively speaking, free of charge eight factors can only be covered by a small group of people, and expensive. Of course, some financial relatively affluent areas may wish to consider implementing, but I think the bulk of health insurance or money should be central.

     Reporter: For the settlement of domestic over 100 HIV-infected patients with Hemophilia, you and other experts what the Ministry of Health to put forward policy recommendations?

     Li Dun: Our policy proposals has three main points. The first is to pay a one-time compensation for each victim of a unified (the original proposal was 10 per person per million); month offered to relief, amount to 1.5 times the local minimum wage by guaranteeing that the student is and the local shared equally; In addition, the cost for treatment of victims, including victims of AIDS infection, hepatitis B, hepatitis C treatment, and even the need to complete the treatment of hemophilia, by the central and local AIDS capital expenditures.

     Secondly, we believe that the claim through litigation is that each victim's civil rights. Some of the victims when the evidence is insufficient to rely on national policy, but If they have sufficient evidence, it would still recover through legal action.

     Third, we propose the State Council or National People's Congress set up a special commission of inquiry on the matter, for the year the use of eight factors in patients with hemophilia infected with HIV incident be thoroughly investigated and prosecuted the criminal responsibility of the relevant parties.

     Bone of contention

     Compensation agreement is the final plan for compensation?

     Court, on the health of the lawyers said, has signed a salvage agreement Foshan three patients, one-time financial assistance for each patient to be 100,000 yuan, this is the student is the compensation to the three patients with the final stage. At the same time, she thought, Foshan three patients have access to government assistance, should no longer be claimed.

     Father Zhao patients show, in April this year, with three patients on the health of the supplementary agreement signed explicitly: "by the rescuers received 100,000 yuan on the health of the relief assistance payments and signing of the agreement, to future national policies and the relevant laws and regulations shall prevail and seek relief related departments. if we agree to legal settlement and retained by the rescuers still enjoy the relevant rights. "

     Detect whether a product containing the HIV virus, whether the student is the obligation?

     Professor Li Dun, and three patients with attorney have pointed out that as early as in 1987, the State Council approved the six organs of the Ministry of Health issued "AIDS monitoring and management of a number of provisions", namely, the "blood and blood products must undergo testing for HIV antibody surveillance "requirement, the student is responsible for their production of the eight factors in early nineties if it contains HIV testing.

     The student is the lawyer claimed that the 1987 provisions are targeted at the blood products imported from abroad, but also provides targeted at the executive functions of monitoring, there is no obligation to make enterprises have detected.

     "At that time, the student is as an institution of the highest levels of blood products, and even eight-factor test whether the carriers of the virus are not, they were also believed that AIDS was abroad in China, is no." Court, under Professor Li Dun, said sigh.

     In the end who should be responsible?

     The student is the lawyer, said the solution to this problem, or rely mainly on government, HIV infection is a complex issue can not be viewed as a simple legal issues. She also said that, Foshan three hemophiliacs infected with HIV due to a variety of potential, although mailed the eight factors of purchase of health records, but can not prove that use of the injection, the patient may also be used in the eight factors of other products which are not burden of proof has failed to establish.

     Zhao said that they brought the product quality, damages, legal responsibility for the implementation of reverse burden of proof, without having to damage the plaintiff to prove causation.

     Expert testimony

     The Ministry of Health Expert Advisory Committee on AIDS, Professor Li Chun to testify at the trial, the main presentation the following two points:

     1. Yi draft proposals 12 times the Ministry of Health has not yet conclusive

     Yesterday, testifying in court, said Professor Li Dun, August 2005, the former Deputy Minister of Health Wang Longde instructions, hoping the Ministry of Health Expert Advisory Committee on AIDS Policy Law Ethics Group can on the "past infection through blood transfusion and the use of factor VIII infections ( AIDS) research dealing with problems and provide policy advice, "as the Ministry of Health AIDS Expert Advisory Committee, he participated in this work.

     Professor Li Dun introduction, when he was on the proposal of "responsibility to solve the problem" principle, and many members and other experts to submit policy proposals to the Ministry of Health. But the three-year period, has not been much progress until last April 10, he was in Beijing to participate in meetings of the Government to resolve the matter, when the expert members of their policy proposals is the 12th draft. After the matter further stagnation, the Ministry of Health has not yet known.

     2. The student is the "inescapable responsibility"

     In court, said Li Dun also testified that he learned in the above work, the student is the domestic research and production of biological products in state-level high-tech enterprise, with hundreds of high-, intermediate title experts, leading to blood-you Patients infected with HIV and other blood products, the technical specifications of its year "manufacturing and quality control procedures" is developed by experts on the health of an extent which rendered blood products, people infected with HIV is that they have not entirely legal duty of care.

     Professor Li Chun also said the Health Ministry of Health issued a document in 1995 by banning the production and clinical use is not removed or inactivated virus, clotting factor type of blood products, especially after it was previously known due to the use of such blood products infected with AIDS, failure to take positive remedial measures, the recall has been manufactured products, inform the user of the product and their spouses to the hospital for AIDS testing, resulting in increased harm, but also an inescapable responsibility.

     Event Playback

     Treatment of HIV-infected hemophilia

     After 1998, the nation has emerged over a hundred people suspected use of Shanghai Biological Products Institute (referred to as the student is) blood products, HIV-infected hemophiliacs.

     Foshan three hemophilia patients between 1990 and 1996, has been alone or work together to purchase health clotting factor VIII. From 2001 to 2005, the three patients were successively Foshan CDC confirmed AIDS and hepatitis C infection. Three patients believed that their parents had no HIV-infected family members, their diagnosis of AIDS before the asexual process, and three from the young haemophilia, injecting for many years on the health of the eight factors, the only means of infection is a blood infection. November 24, 2008, the State Bureau of the National Petition in patients with a number of similar complaints made reply, it is recommended in patients with legitimate claims through legal means.

     By the end of April this year, Foshan, a patient's father, Zhao Wei (a pseudonym), to product quality, damages dispute, will be on the Health of the court. May 6, the case was Chancheng District Court placed on file. In the same month, the other two patients also received the prosecution Chancheng District courts.

     After the student is right to assert jurisdiction over the suit three objections, but on July 7 this year, both being Chancheng District Court.

     It is reported that three patients were nearly 2 million per claim, aggregate total of nearly 6 million yuan.