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两种广谱抗体可强效中和艾滋病病毒 该发现有助于研发和设计出新的艾滋病疫苗
发布时间： 2009-09-05 | 作者：刘霞
http://www.stdaily.com 2009年09月05日 来源： 科技日报 作者： 刘霞
本报讯据9月4日出版的《科学》杂志报道，美国科学家最新筛查出了两种新的可中和HIV的广谱性抗体：PG9和PG16，这是最近10多年来科学家首次发现强效HIV广谱性抗体，另外，科学家也首次发现了艾滋病病毒感染细胞的蛋白质基序，这些抗体可以攻击这个蛋白质基序。这一发现有助于科学家研发和设计出新的艾滋病疫苗。
美国加州斯克里普斯研究所的免疫学和微生物学教授丹尼斯·伯顿领导了该研究，科学家使用新技术对1800名来自非洲、英国、美国、泰国和澳大利亚的艾滋病感染者的血液进行了分析，找到了这两种抗体。
科学家现在还没有找到治愈艾滋病的方法，鸡尾酒疗法可以控制病毒，制造疫苗的种种努力目前以失败告终。因为艾滋病病毒发生了多次变异，而且每个人感染病毒的情况都不相同，每一种病毒对免疫系统的反应也不一样。
之前，科学家也找到了一些广谱性中和抗体，这些抗体都来自于欧洲和美国的艾滋病病人，因此不太具有典型性。
而新发现的这两种抗体似乎具有非常强效的中和病毒的作用，与其他已知的广谱中和抗体相比，它们能够中和范围更广的、来自不同分化枝（或群体）的病毒。
国际AIDS疫苗行动组织对该研究提供了资金资助，其主席塞奇·伯克利说，科学家在研究中发现，10%的实验对象对病毒有强烈的抗体反应，表明有些人具有更强大的免疫血清。
伯克利认为，新发现可以让科学家研发出刺激这两种抗体生成的疫苗，从而有效对抗HIV病毒，即使它们经过多次变异。
伯顿表示，人们也可能使用这些抗体来自我治疗，就像血球蛋白—伽马球蛋白可以治疗肝炎病毒一样。但是，最终的目的是研发出产生抗体的疫苗，以阻止艾滋病病毒在人际间传播。
研究人员下一步将着力找出，刺激身体免疫系统，制造PG9和PG16抗体的免疫原，而找到的免疫原可能会被作为备选疫苗。
从上世纪80年代伊始，艾滋病开始大规模暴发，全球已经有2500多万人死于艾滋病，而且，每年约有200万人被艾滋病夺去生命。根据世界卫生组织提供的数据，目前全球可能有3300万人感染了艾滋病。（刘霞）
Two kinds of broad-spectrum antibodies may be powerful and in HIV research and the findings will help to design new HIV vaccine
Release Date: 2009-09-05 | Author: Liu Xia
http://www.stdaily.com 2009 Nian 09 Yue 05日来源: Science and Technology Daily Author: Liu Xia
SAN JOSE September 4 issue of "Science" magazine reported that U.S. scientists have screened out the latest availability of two new and in a broad-spectrum HIV antibodies: PG9 and PG16, which is the first time in the last 10 years scientists have found potent broad-spectrum HIV antibodies, In addition, scientists first discovered the AIDS virus infected cell protein motif, these antibodies can attack the protein motif. The discovery will help scientists develop and design new HIV vaccine.
California, Scripps Institute of immunology and microbiology professor Dennis Burton led the study, scientists using the new technologies on 1800 from Africa, the United Kingdom, the United States, Thailand and Australia, people living with HIV in blood analysis, and found these two antibodies.
Scientists have not yet found a cure way to cocktail therapy can control the virus, production of the vaccine efforts now ended in failure. Because there have been many variations of HIV, and HIV status, each person is different, and each virus on the immune system's response are not the same.
Before, scientists also found a number of broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies, these antibodies are from Europe and the United States, AIDS patients, it is not typical.
The new discovery of these two antibodies seem to have a very potent and in the role of the virus, and other known broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies in comparison, they can and in a broader range, and from different branches differentiation (or groups of ) virus.
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative provided funding for the study, its Chairman塞奇伯克利said scientists in the study found that 10% of the subjects of the virus has a strong antibody response, indicating that some people have a more powerful immune serum.
Berkeley believes that the new discovery could allow scientists to develop antibodies to stimulate the generation of these two vaccines, in order to effectively fight HIV, even if they after several variations.
Burton said that people also may use these antibodies from my treatment, just like the blood globulin - gamma globulin can be treated the same as hepatitis viruses. However, the ultimate goal is to develop a vaccine to produce antibodies to prevent HIV spread from person to person.
The researchers will focus on identifying the next step to stimulate the body's immune system, manufacturing, PG9 and PG16 antibody immune original, found immunogen may be regarded as candidate vaccines.
From the beginning of 80s last century, began a large-scale outbreak of AIDS in the world has more than 2500 million people died of AIDS, but every year about 200 million people are dying. According to WHO data provided by the world may have 33 million people are infected with the AIDS virus. (Liu Xia)
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