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艾滋病恐惧症是什么？
2010-10-16 10:55:31 名城西安 www.china-xian.com
“艾滋病恐惧怕症”的定义：它是一种混合性神经症，其核心症状可表现为焦虑、疑病、惧怕、强迫、抑郁症状中的某一种或几种，也可同时伴有与艾滋病的临床症状相类似的躯体症状。疾病具有一定的人格基础；起病常受高危行为历史以及生活压力事件的影响；HIV相关检测结果为阴性；患者内心痛苦，反复求医。
艾滋病惧怕症VS艾滋病焦虑
“艾滋病焦虑”（AIDS Anxiety） :由于熟悉到一些危险组成员和对媒体报道过于敏感而产生的认知专注和一些焦虑的躯体化表现，导致了短暂的对个人健康的过度关注。
“艾滋病惧怕症”(the worried well of AIDS ):虽然医生给予认真的解释和咨询，临床的身体检查及经常多次反复的阴性抗体检测结果也证实没有感染，但患者仍然长期思虑他们可能的感染。
心理病理特点认为：可以把“艾滋病惧怕症”解释为“对健康的过分关注”。这种“对健康的过分关注”与特定患者的人格特质及其生活经历存在着很高的相关，并可以通过媒体对艾滋病的宣传或者身边接触到的艾滋病患者得到激发。这种过分关注，可能导致患者出现一系列类似于强迫症的行为，例如，患者可能反复地思考以前做过的危险行为，或者反复地求医，试图以此来获得心理上的安慰。促使患者到医疗机构接受咨询和检查的原因包括：
（1）由症状直接引起的、日渐显现出的身体不适和不便；
（2）焦虑和对引发焦虑的可能原因的思考，非常是对症状本质的灾难性的解释；
（3）对于可能产生的消极后果不采取进一步行动而导致的不适感。
实际上，这也正是强迫症的病理所在。尽管从短期看，强迫行为可以通过“阴性的检测结果”使患者的焦虑得到缓解，但从长远看，这些强迫行为也会在检测过程中得到强化，并最终导致患者出现更高水平的焦虑。
艾滋病惧怕症的四种类型
焦虑型：六神无主，坐卧不安，食不香甜，惊慌多梦，肉跳心惊，虚汗淋淋，悔前怕后，喜欢拿艾滋病的各种症状对号入座。
忧郁型：神情呆滞，少言不语，独行独往、疏远亲朋，茶饭不思，夜深不眠，时刻注重身体的任何变化，蚊叮虫咬出一个疹子就怀疑自己艾滋病病发。 惊惧型：生活节奏乱了套，无心向学，舍弃工作，举止失常，疑神疑鬼，乱求医，乱问药，不讲道理，艾滋病抗体、抗原确认检查了一次又一次，既怕阳性，却又怀疑阴性，疑换错了名、换错了血样。
绝望型：不相信科学，不相信检查结果，自己认定已患上艾滋病无疑。自暴自弃、破罐破摔意识强烈，易走极端，不是离家出走，就是预备自杀了却余生，更有人声言报复社会，把病传给他人。
从心理学上说，这四类型都是心理障碍，有些患者更具有严重的心理障碍，必要时须请心理医生给予诊治。不过，对大多数患者来说，可通过下列途径给予纠正。首先，要全面了解艾滋病的相关知识，不要断章取义，捕风捉影，正确熟悉自己身上的症状及表现，切莫样样对号入座；其次，定期到确认单位（不是初筛单位）作相应检查，如得到确认单位否定意见，即可排除感染的可能。
解除艾滋惧怕症，可从以下几个方面入手：
1.以接纳的态度学习新知识，了解HIV／AID的基本常识，包括HIV－1的传播途径和发病机理以及相关知识。
2.规范个人行为，遵循防护HIV传播的普遍规律，包括避免高危性行为、远离毒品等。
3.如确实发生了高危行为，怀疑自己有被感染HIV的风险时，应到各级疾控机构HIV／AID自愿咨询检测工作室向专业人士寻找帮助，有经验的咨询员会为你提供可参考的建议和／或意见，对减轻惧怕感会有一定作用；同时在国家批准的机构进行HIV抗体检测，明确是否真的感染了HIV。
4.与有相同经历的人讲一讲自己的担心和惧怕，也是有效缓解内心惧怕的方法之一。
5.分散注重力，如紧凑安排天天时间，参加体育锻炼、朋友聚会，学会自笔者放松方法。
6.假如应用上述方法后，对感染艾滋病病毒的惧怕仍然有增无减，可向心理医师寻求咨询和治疗，必要时可采用药物疗法。
2010-10-16 10:55:31 city of Xi'an www.china-xian.com
"Fear of fear of AIDS disease" is defined: it is a mixed neurosis, the core symptoms may be manifested as anxiety, hypochondriasis, fear, compulsion, depression symptoms in one or a few, can also be accompanied with clinical symptoms of AIDS are similar to the physical symptoms. The basis of certain personality disorders; onset of the frequent high-risk behavior and history of the impact of stressful life events; HIV-related test results were negative; patients with heart pain, repeatedly seek medical attention.
Anxiety and fear of AIDS, AIDS patients VS
"AIDS Anxiety" (AIDS Anxiety): As group members are familiar to some dangerous and too sensitive to the media reports focus on the cognitive and some performance anxiety, somatization, leading to a brief over-attention to personal health.
"AIDS, fear of disease" (the worried well of AIDS): Although the doctor to give careful explanations and advice, clinical physical examination and often repeatedly negative antibody test results also confirmed that there is no infection, but patients still minds of their possible infection of the long-term .
Psychological pathology that: can the "fear of AIDS disease" as "too much attention to health." This "excessive focus on the health" of patients with specific personality traits and life experiences, there is a high correlation, and AIDS through publicity or media exposure to AIDS patients around get excited. This excessive concern about a series of similar patients may lead to compulsive behavior, for example, patients may repeatedly done before thinking about risk behavior, or repeated medical treatment, an attempt to gain psychological comfort. Encourage patients to health institutions for counseling and testing for reasons including:
(1) directly caused by the symptoms, the increasingly obvious that the physical discomfort and inconvenience;
(2) anxiety and anxiety caused by the possible reasons for thinking, very devastating is the nature of the interpretation of symptoms;
(3) the possible negative consequences for not taking further action which led to discomfort.
In fact, this is precisely where the pathological obsessive-compulsive disorder. Although the short term, compulsive behavior can be "negative results" to ease the anxiety of the patient, but in the long run, these compulsive behaviors in the detection process will be strengthened, and eventually lead to higher levels of anxiety in patients.
Four types of fear of AIDS patients
Anxiety type: Liushenwuzhu restless, food is not sweet, panic dreams, meat jump scared, sweating dripping, before the fear of regret after the symptoms of AIDS like to get the right seat.
Depression type: looked sluggish, less words, without a word, the lone independent to, alienation relatives, Chafanbusi, sleepless night, always pay attention to any changes in the body, and apply insect to suspect that a rash of AIDS disease. Horror-type: the pace of life very confusing, unmotivated, abandoning work, behavior disorders, paranoid, chaotic doctor, chaotic asked drug, unreasonable, and HIV antibody, antigen recognition checked again and again, feared and positive, but and suspected negative, suspect for the wrong name, for the wrong blood.
Desperate type: do not believe in science, test results do not believe that he is no doubt determined to have contracted AIDS. Low self-esteem, Poguanposhuai strong sense of easy to go to extremes, not run away from home, is prepared to commit suicide but rest of his life, some even claimed revenge on society, the disease to others.
Psychologically speaking, these four types are psychological barriers, some patients have more severe psychological disorders, when necessary, your psychiatrist to give treatment. However, for most patients, it can be corrected by giving the following ways. First, a comprehensive understanding of AIDS-related knowledge, not out of context, hearsay evidence, properly familiar with the symptoms of his body and performance, to refrain from everything condemnation; Secondly, on a regular basis to confirm the unit (not screening units) for the appropriate examination, as confirmed units negative opinion, you can rule out the possibility of infection.
HIV fear of lifting patients, from the following aspects:
1. To accept the attitude of learning new knowledge and understanding of HIV / AID's basic common sense, including HIV-1 transmission and pathogenesis and related knowledge.
2. Regulate personal behavior, follow the universal law of the spread of HIV prevention, including avoiding high-risk sexual behavior, stay away from drugs.
3. If they occurred at a high-risk behaviors, HIV suspect the risk of being infected, the disease control institutions at all levels should be HIV / AID voluntary counseling and testing studio to professionals for help, an experienced counselor will provide for you Reference suggestions and / or comments, there will be some sense of reducing the role of fear; also approved by the state agencies in the HIV antibody test, a clear really infected HIV.
4. And have similar experiences to talk about their worries and fears, but also effectively alleviate the fear inside one of the methods.
5. Decentralized focus on power, such as the compact arrangement of time every day, participate in physical exercise, meet friends, learn from the way I relax.
6. If the application of the method, fear of HIV infection continues to increase, physicians may seek psychological counseling and treatment, if necessary, drug therapy can be used. |
