41%感染者曾遭艾滋歧视 卫生部门强制到家消毒


41%感染者曾遭艾滋歧视 卫生部门强制到家消毒

 
 
 
 
 

 

41%感染者曾遭艾滋歧视 卫生部门强制到家消毒
 来源:黄河新闻网 2010年10月28日16:38
    “他们”的故事:

  小军(化名),男,现年27岁,四川人。2010年6月,小军报考盐边县小学音乐老师职位,通过笔试及面试,去学校报道前被告知携带艾滋病毒,被拒绝录用。并在交涉过程中,个人隐私遭教育局、人事局泄露,10月20日,将该县教育局、人事局告上法庭,是为“中国艾滋就业歧视第一案”。

  王秋云,女,河南鹤壁人,因输血感染艾滋病毒,曾任该县医疗系统妇幼专干。2005年,第一次被查出携带艾滋病毒,当年将医院告上法庭,但在立案后至今未开庭审理。鹤壁当地的传染病医院为艾滋病患者提供免费治疗,但仅有一名“全能”医生,固定药物,病房对面便是结核病治疗区。

  李喜阁,女,38岁,河南省宁陵县人。1995年在本县妇幼保健院生长女做刨腹产手术时被输入医院自采血;2004年长女母婴感染艾滋病病故。同时,确诊李喜阁和次女感染艾滋病;2004年9月,起诉宁陵县妇幼保健站和县卫生局,至今法院不予立案,理由为“上级有口头文件,因血液感染艾滋病不予立案”,抱女儿上访多次被当地政府拦截、羁押。

  一份调查报告数据显示,我国目前有艾滋病人及携带艾滋病毒者共70余万人,他们正在遭遇不同程度地歧视……

  对话中国首例艾滋病毒携带者就业歧视案当事人:

  怕家人担心至今没有告诉他们

  10月28日下午,记者在北京公主坟新兴宾馆见到了“艾滋病就业歧视第一案”的当事人小军,他穿着夸大的黑色风衣,大大的黑色墨镜几乎遮住了半个脸,围巾、帽子一应具备,但谈话中依然可以听见爽朗的笑声。

  记者:你勇敢站出来通过法律途径维权,可是你今天却遮盖的很严实,为什么?

  小军:我是很想站出来,但是社会对我的宽容还没有到这个地步,我今天来,只是个宣传的义务。

  记者:既然有顾虑,那么为什么一定要选择站出来呢?

  小军:站出来比不站出来更好,只有站出来,才有赢的把握,不站出来,就一点机会都没有了。

  记者:你以前在广州、成都、昆明这些地方打工?

  小军:是的,从事一些劳务的工作。

  记者:是体力活吗?

  小军:是体力活,以前不知道得了这病,其实我现在和平常人都一样的。

  记者:看你的学历也是大学毕业,以前有什么理想?

  小军:理想就是当一名音乐老师,你看我这次就是报考了老师岗位,然后被拒绝的。

  记者:当时这个病被查出来之后,你是什么感觉?

  小军:不大相信,肯定不相信,因为什么都好好的。

  记者:你状告教育部门时家里人有没有给你支持?

  小军:没有,都是我自己决定的,怕他们知道这个事受不了,给他们说了他们也帮不上忙,所以现在还没有告诉他们。

  记者:你下一步有什么打算?

  小军:还没有打算,应该还是找工作吧,我需要钱来治病。应该还是去打工,干体力活。

  记者:要是在你找工作或者已经有了工作的时候,遭到歧视你会怎么办?

  小军:我也不会怪他们,因为他们认识不够么,我尊重他们的选择,这是他们的权利。

  记者:有没有对社会悲观失望过?理想呢,有没有改变?

  小军:说实话,曾经有过,但现在想开了,因为发了了很多关注我们这个群体的人,还有很多人帮助我们维权。理想还是当一名音乐老师,这个从未改变,希望给我的人生能圆满。

    一份来自联合国艾滋病规划署的调查报告:

  5.6%艾滋病感染者因贫困缺乏食物

  2003年,来自中央党校社会发展研究所的靳薇教授就开始了为艾滋病人维权,那一年,一份上海的报纸无意间登载了一位高中艾滋病毒携带者的故事,并清晰地展现了这名孩子的照片,靳薇辗转北京上海两地,为这名孩子“讨说法”。最终报社同意向靳薇道歉,可她说:“不要向我道歉,你们应该道歉的是那个孩子。”

  在2008年至2009年间,由中央党校社会发展研究所联合联合国艾滋病规划署联合发起艾滋病感染者生存现状调查,靳薇正是主要参与者之一,这一年,她协助机构走访了北京、上海、河南、云南、新疆、广西等25个省、市、自治区,获得有效调查问卷 2096 份、深度访谈73份。她发现:艾滋病毒感染者、患者受到羞辱和歧视的情况是严重的,41%的受访者称自己曾遭受艾滋病相关歧视。

  问卷调查显示,知道自己感染艾滋病后,近三成(28.2%)的人改变过工作。女性因艾滋病改变工作的比例(30.2%),高于男性(27.4%)和总体(28.2%)被调查者中,13.8%曾被拒绝雇用或失业,3.3%因为艾滋病被拒绝提升。

  女性在家庭经济上更多地受到艾滋病的打击,影响的严重程度(很多、非常大)高于男性6.3个百分点。男性在工作方面更多因为感染而受歧视。问卷调查表明,上个月内,家庭成员缺乏足够食物的占5.6%。访谈调查中,有个别感染者、患者被拒绝办理“最低生活保障”。

  其中,被调查者45人曾被当地CDC等部门强行到家中消,319人(16.51%)在未经本人许可的情况下感染事实被健康专家(医生、护士、咨询人员、检验人员、CDC等)泄露,226人(12.14%)遭遇过就医拒绝,80人曾被拒绝提供健康服务,50人被拒绝提供计划生育服务,46位感染者曾被拒绝抗病毒治疗。

  一旦遭遇歧视,他们大多数选择了忍气吞声,只有极少数的人选择寻求法院援助,或者走上报复的不归路。

  法律缺陷:

  对艾滋病等传染病的就业歧视已达100%

  中国政法大学现正研究所教授刘小楠告诉记者,在历年的公务员招考中,健康歧视已达100%。公务员录用体检标准虽然取消了对乙肝病毒携带者的歧视,这一点是进步,依然没有对艾滋病病毒的携带者和艾滋病病人进行区分,它一概地说艾滋病不合格,把艾滋病的携带者也看作是艾滋病,所以我们认为这是一个制度性的歧视,所有的公务员招考的职位都要遵守这样的录用标准,所以所有的职位都存在着歧视,这就是100%的来源。

  玛丽斯特普国际组织中国代表处负责人夏菁女士认为,尽管对乙肝患者的社会歧视已经有所消除,但中国人的传统观念里,一直对性讳如莫深,这是造成艾滋病很难消除社会歧视的根源。

  夏菁表示,目前的《公务员录用体检标准》、《公安机关录用人民警察体检项目和标准》以及保险相关的条款中,均对艾滋病患者有明显的歧视条款,虽然《传染病防治法》和《艾滋病防治条例》均规定:“任何单位和个人不得歧视传染病病人”,但它们并未对“歧视”做清晰地界定,没有说明在何种情况下的何种行为能够被界定为“歧视”,因此其可操作性不强。这两部法律法规也没有对实施歧视的个人和单位的法律责任做出明确的规定。因此,某单位或个人即便对艾滋病病毒感染者实施了歧视,也不一定会受到法律的制裁,其“违法成本”很低。

  另外,《〈教师资格条例〉实施办法》等法规对传染病的定性太过笼统,不能区分艾滋病毒携带者和艾滋病人的区别,也是造成艾滋病患者遭遇歧视的重要原因。因此,夏菁建议,中央政府和地方政府应审查和修改现行法律、法规中还存在的不合理的和具有歧视性的条款,并尽快出台《艾滋病防治条例》的实施细则,以提高条例在实际工作中的可操作性。

    焦点争论:

  艾滋病感染者是否应该曝光在阳光下

  患者李喜阁:我们的案件一例一例走不上法庭,一个家庭一个家庭的妇女输血感染爱滋病走不上法庭,宪法、护妇女法,这些法律在我们面前就没有一点作用。我找了很多律师,找了很多记者,后来还是经过多个部门的协调,最终还是拿到了赔偿金。作为艾滋病维权还要自己站出来,只有你自己站出来,大家才会帮助你。

  患者王秋云:我们感染者被歧视无所谓,最悲观的是孩子被歧视。我想假如我们都走出去了,都被歧视了,也就不存在歧视了,假如我们都偷偷摸摸的,这个歧视是永远存在的。我们在鹤山区,我成立了一个阳光家园,我们那个区的成员几乎都暴露了,但是我们感觉自己从生理上,心理上都比以前好多了,因为我们心里边没有负担了。

  律师徐海波:如果都让感染者目前这个阶段站在阳光下维护自己的权益,时机还不是特别的成熟,因为歧视它还有很多的问题,不单纯是一个疾病的问题,还是一个社会的问题,甚至还是一个法律问题。我们做工作的过程当中,更多的会给感染者灌输一个理念,法律的价值,有一句名言,法律是最低的道德底线,我们让他了解法律的同时会告知他们要用法律的手段维护自己的合法权益,让他们知晓自己应该享有的合法权益。这个过程需要经过一段时间像阳光一样普照大地,很多问题都能够解决。

  中国青年艾滋病网络负责人常坤:我们的观点是鼓励更多更多的感染者在维护自己更多的生活,对自己存在的生活的质量,心理存在打击的情况下,能够勇敢的站出来。保护自己正常生活不受到侵犯的情况下勇敢的站出来,和周围的人交流,平等的沟通,不要认为自己是感染者,和正常人有什么区别, 1.2亿乙肝病毒携带者,中国有十几亿人口,大家都站出来,还有乙肝歧视吗,谁也不歧视谁了。这就是在很多感染者当中有这样的概念,处于散边状态的感染者是最痛苦的。

  中国劳动关系学院教授林燕玲:我想问一个问题,刚才大家说了这些人站出来,是不是能站在阳光下,但是我要问一个非常非常现实的问题,非常实际的问题,我想问一下,刚才咱们这几位朋友,有的人是因为求职遭到歧视,还有这位一女士,你是说我们都过得很快乐,没有工作,很快乐,我就要问一个非常实际的问题,你们的生活来源呢?大家可以特别快乐,可以特别阳光,但是我们以什么为生?这可能是一个很现实的问题。

  他山之石:

  国外承认艾滋病是公共场所问题

  “尽管我们现在还在关起门来讨论,但其实世界各国对于这些很多问题早已经讨论了,甚至早已经有了非常明确的认识。”中国劳动关系学院劳动关系教研室主任林燕玲介绍,2001年,国际劳工组织就制订了《艾滋病与劳工协议的实施守则》,在今年的国际劳工大会上通过了一个建议书,《爱滋病毒,艾滋病和劳动世界建议书》,只要国家愿意参与,这就是国际公约。

  林燕玲说,国际上承认艾滋病是工作场所的问题,它应该像其他工作场所的严重疾病一样对待,艾滋病不是一个特别特殊的问题,他就是一个病,所以你怎么对待其他的疾病,你就怎么对待艾滋病。接下来就是不歧视,讲到不歧视有两个视角,第一个视角尊重人权,体会受影响者的尊严,他们不应该受到任何人的歧视,这是一个视角。另外一个视角也是非常重要的,它说对爱滋病毒感染者及受影响者的歧视或者偏见,阻碍了艾滋病防治的各种努力,这个视角也是非常重要的。

  “你歧视了这些人,实际上会影响到什么呢?会影响到你防治艾滋病的努力。我是感染上艾滋病了,我要不说,甚至我再有一些报复心理,我通过其他的途径传染给别人,这样实际上问题就更大,我觉得不歧视的两个视角是很重要的。” 林燕玲说。

  另外,林燕玲介绍,国际上还要求公司或者企业对求职者或已就业人员不得进行艾滋病筛查,没有理由要求求职者或工人透露有关艾滋病人感染情况的信息,也不应该强迫同事揭露此类信息,对雇佣感染爱滋病毒不是终止雇佣关系的理由。

  “再者,进行劳动监察,这就是政府应当尽的责任。” 林燕玲说。(拾年)

  知识普及:

  1、艾滋病是性传播疾病,血液和性是传播的主要途径。蚊虫叮咬、日常接触、一起吃饭等不能导致传播艾滋病。

  2、艾滋病病毒携带者并不等同于艾滋病人,因为艾滋病毒有7-12年的潜伏期,甚至更长的时间携带过程,在此期间,艾滋病病毒携带者没有任何表面症状,拥有劳动能力。(拾年)

 
图示∶2010年12月即将出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构 
 
 

慢性艾滋病早期中医药治疗保障生命论证

41% of HIV-infected persons who have been forced home disinfection of discrimination against the health sector
 Source: Yellow River News at 16:38 on October 28, 2010
    
"Their" story:

Xiao-jun (a pseudonym), male, aged 27, from Sichuan. June 2010, Xiao Jun apply Yanbian County elementary school music teacher positions, passing the written and interview reports before being told to go to school with HIV, was refused employment. And in the negotiation process, the personal privacy by the Education Bureau, Personnel Bureau disclosure, Oct. 20, the county Department of Education, Bureau of Personnel to court, is "China's first case of HIV discrimination in employment."

Wang Qiuyun, F, Henan Hebi people infected with HIV through blood transfusion, maternal and child health care system was designed dry county. In 2005, the first was found to carry HIV, the year the hospital to court, but has not after placing the trial. Hebi local infectious diseases hospital to provide free treatment for AIDS patients, but only an "all" doctors, fixed drug, opposite the TB treatment ward area.

Li Xige, female, 38 years old, Henan ningling County. In 1995, the growth of women in the county MCH capacity to do abdominal surgery plane entered the hospital from the blood; 2004, the older woman died of AIDS mother to child infection. Meanwhile, the second daughter diagnosed Li Xige and AIDS; September 2004, the prosecution Ningling County Health Department Maternal and Child Health Station and the county has the court not on file, the reasons for the "superior oral documents are due to blood infected with HIV are not filing," hold her petition repeatedly blocked by the local government, in custody.

A survey data show that China currently has AIDS and were living with HIV more than 70 million people, they are experienced varying degrees of discrimination ... ...

Dialogue China's first case of HIV discrimination in employment the parties:

Afraid to tell their family members worried that there has been no

October 28 afternoon, a reporter in Beijing Xinxing Hotel Gongzhufen saw the "first case of AIDS discrimination in employment," the party small army, he was wearing a black windbreaker exaggerated, big, dark sunglasses covered almost half of the face, scarf, hat one should have, but the conversation can still hear the hearty laughter.

Reporter: Do you stand up bravely rights through legal means, but you have covered a very tight today, and why?

Xiao Jun: I really want to stand out, but I am tolerant society not to this point, I am here today, just a publicity obligations.

Reporter: Since there are concerns, then why must we choose stand out?

Xiao Jun: stand up stand up better than not only stand out, only to grasp win, do not stand up to that opportunity are gone.

Reporter: Have you ever in Guangzhou, Chengdu, Kunming, these places work?

Xiao Jun: Yes, in some of the work of labor.

Reporter: Is hard labor it?

Xiao Jun: is physical work, did not know had the disease, in fact, I now have the same peace of ordinary people.

Reporter: see your college education is, what is good before?

Xiao Jun: the ideal is that when a music teacher, you see, I post this is the teacher candidates, and then rejected.

Reporter: At that time, after the disease checked out, what do you feel?

Xiao Jun: do not think, certainly do not believe, everything is good.

Reporter: When you sue the education sector have not given your family support?

Xiao Jun: No, all my own decisions, for fear they know this thing can not stand them say they can not help, so do not tell them now.

Reporter: Do you have any plans for the next step?

Xiao Jun: no plans, should still find a job, and I need money to cure diseases. Should still go to work, do manual labor.

Reporter: If you already have a job or work, how would you have been discriminated against do?

Xiao Jun: I would not blame them, because they know not what, I respect their choice, it is their right.

Reporter: There are no social despair over? Ideal it has not changed?

Xiao Jun: Honestly, there have been, but now want to open, because we made a lot of attention this group of people, there are many people to help us rights. Ideal or when a music teacher, this has never changed, want to give my life to complete.

    
A survey from the UNAIDS report:

5.6% of AIDS because of poverty, lack of food

2003, from the Institute for Social Development, the Central Party School, Professor Jin Wei, who started for the rights of AIDS that year, a Shanghai newspaper accidentally published the a story of high school living with HIV, and clearly show of this child's photo, Jin Wei was removed both Beijing and Shanghai, for this child, "discuss that." Jin Wei finally agreed to apologize to the newspaper, she said: "Do not apologize to me, you should apologize for that child."

2008 to 2009, the Institute for Social Development by the Central Party School UNAIDS co-sponsored by the United Nations AIDS Living Conditions Survey, Jin Wei is one of the main participants, this year, she helped organizations visited Beijing, Shanghai , Henan, Yunnan, Xinjiang, Guangxi, 25 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, and 2096 valid questionnaires were received, 73 depth interviews. She found that: HIV infection, in patients with stigma and discrimination is a serious, 41% of the respondents said they had been subjected to AIDS-related discrimination.

Survey shows that after their HIV infection, Jin Sancheng (28.2%) who changed job. Working women because of changes in the proportion of AIDS (30.2%), than men (27.4%) and overall (28.2%) respondents, 13.8% had been refused employment or unemployment, 3.3% increase is rejected because of AIDS.

Women in the family economy hit by AIDS more, the severity of impact (many, very large) 6.3 percentage points higher than men. Men work more discrimination because of infection. Survey showed that within the last month, family members, lack of adequate food, 5.6%. Interview survey, some infection, patients were rejected for "minimum living guarantee."

Of these, 45 respondents had been forced home the local CDC and other departments in the disappearance of 319 people (16.51%) without my permission to be infected with the fact that health professionals (doctors, nurses, consultants, inspectors, CDC, etc. ) leakage, 226 (12.14%) encountered refused medical treatment, 80 people had been refused to provide health services, 50 people refused to provide family planning services, 46 infected persons has been refused antiviral treatment.

Once the encounter discrimination, most of them chose to swallow the insult, only a very few people choose to seek court assistance, or took revenge of no return.

Legal deficiencies:

Infectious diseases such as AIDS, has reached 100% employment discrimination

Research Institute of China University of Political Science is Professor Liu Xiaonan, told reporters in recruitment of civil servants over the years, the health of discrimination reached 100%. Although the abolition of civil service recruitment examination criteria for the discrimination of hepatitis B virus carriers, and this is progress, and still no HIV carriers and AIDS patients to distinguish, it systematically denied that HIV failed, also as carriers of AIDS AIDS, so we think this is a system of discrimination, civil service recruitment for all positions must comply with the employment standards for such, all positions are the existence of discrimination, which is 100% of the sources.

Marie Stopes International China Office that the person in charge of Miss Xia Jing, despite the social discrimination against hepatitis B patients has been eliminated, but the traditional Chinese view, has deep sexual taboo, such as Mo, it is difficult to cause AIDS eliminate the root causes of discrimination.

Xia Jing said that the current "standard of civil service recruitment examination," "public security organs employment physical examination items and standards of the People's Police" and the insurance-related provisions, are obviously on AIDS discrimination clause, although the "Infectious Disease Control Law" and " AIDS Prevention Act, "provide that:" Any unit or individual shall not discriminate against patients with infectious diseases, "but they did not" discrimination "done a clear definition, did not say which of the circumstances under which behavior can be defined as" discrimination " Therefore, its maneuverability is not strong. Both the implementation of laws and regulations, and no discrimination on the liability of individuals and units to make clear. Therefore, even for a unit or individual to implement HIV discrimination will not necessarily be brought to justice, and its "illegal cost" is very low.

In addition, the "<Teacher Certification Regulations> Implementation Measures" and other regulations are too general characterization of infectious diseases, HIV can not distinguish the difference between carriers and AIDS, also contributed to discrimination against AIDS patients suffered a major reason. Therefore, Hsia Ching suggested that the central government and local governments should review and amend existing laws and regulations there are still unreasonable and discriminatory provisions, and as soon as possible "AIDS Prevention and Control Act," the implementation details to improve the regulations in practice work operational.

    
The focus of debate:

HIV infection should exposure to the sun

Li Xige patients: a case example of our case did not go to court, a family a family of women infected with HIV to go a blood transfusion to court, the Constitution, laws protecting women, these laws do not point us to the role. I found a lot of lawyers, to find a lot of press, and later, or through the coordination of various departments, finally got the compensation. As AIDS activists but also their own stand, only you come out, we will help you.

Wang Qiuyun patients: does not matter that we were discriminated against infection, the most pessimistic of the children were discriminated against. I think if we all go out, and have been discriminated against, and not discriminatory, and if we are sneaky, this discrimination is always there. We Heshan district, I set up a sunny home, we almost all members of the exposed area, but we felt from the physical, mental, much better than before, because the ends are not burden our hearts.

Xu Haibo lawyers: if all infected persons to stand in the sun at this stage to protect their own interests, the timing is not particularly mature, because it also has many problems of discrimination, not simply a disease problem, or a social problem, Or even a legal issue. The course of the work we do, more infections will instill a concept of the value of the law, there is a famous saying, the law is the lowest moral bottom line, we let him know the law will also inform them to use legal means to protect their own legitimate rights and interests, so that they know their legal rights should be enjoyed. This process takes some time as the sun shine on the earth, many problems can be solved.

Youth AIDS in China head Chang Kun: Our view is to encourage more and more infected people in the maintenance of their own lives more on the quality of life of their own existence, psychological presence to combat the situation, are brave enough to stand out. To protect their life is not normal circumstances of violations of the brave stand up and communicate around the equal communication, do not think they are infected, and normal What is the difference, 120 million hepatitis B virus carriers, China has more than a dozen billion people, we all stand up, and HBV discrimination do, who do not discriminate against who. This is in many infected persons have such a concept which, in the scattered state of the infected side is the most painful.

Lin Yanling professor of labor relations in China: I want to ask a question, just tell you that these people come out, is not able to stand in the sun, but I want to ask the question a very, very real, very real, I would like to ask , just let these few friends, and some people because of job discrimination, there is this one lady, you said we all had a very happy, no job, very happy, I want to ask a very real problem , your source of livelihood it? We can particularly happy, you can special sun, but we do for a living? This may be a very real problem.

Other Mountains:

Foreign recognize the problem of AIDS is a public place

"Although we are still behind closed doors discussions, but in fact, a lot of problems for these countries in the world has been discussed earlier, even already have a very clear understanding." Labor relations in China Institute of Industrial Relations Teaching and Research Office Jie Shao Lin Yanling, 2001, ILO on the development of the "AIDS and the implementation of labor agreements Code", in this year's International Labour Conference adopted a proposal, "HIV, AIDS and the world of work proposal", as long as countries are willing to participate, which is the International Convention .

Lin Yanling said that the international recognition of the problem of AIDS in the workplace, it should be like other places, like to treat serious diseases, AIDS is not a particularly special, he is a sick, so how do you treat other diseases, how to treat you AIDS. Then there is the non-discrimination, there are two perspectives mentioned non-discrimination, respect for human rights in the first view, the dignity of the body affected, they should not be any discrimination, which is a perspective. Another perspective is also very important, it said on the HIV infected and affected by discrimination or prejudice, hinder AIDS prevention efforts, this perspective is also very important.

"Do you discriminate against these people, can actually affect what? Will affect your efforts to combat AIDS. I was infected with HIV, and if I would say that even I will have some revenge, I transmitted by other means to others, so in fact the problem is even greater, I think the two perspectives of non-discrimination is very important. "Lin Yanling said.

In addition, Lin Yanling introduction, also requires companies or international business-to-job or has AIDS shall not be employed in screening, there is no reason to require job applicants or workers to disclose information on AIDS infection should not be forced to disclose such information to colleagues , HIV infection of employment relationship is not a reason for termination of employment.

"Furthermore, the labor inspection, which is the responsibility of the government should do." Lin Yanling said. (Found on)

Literacy:

1, AIDS is sexually transmitted diseases, blood and sexual transmission is the main way. Mosquito bites, daily contact with the meals can not lead to spread of AIDS.

2, the AIDS virus is not the same people with AIDS, because HIV has an incubation period of 7-12 years, to carry the process even longer, during which the surface of HIV carriers have no symptoms, has the ability to work. (Found on)

 

 
 
 
 
 

[ 作者:佚名    转贴自:本站原创    点击数:196    更新时间:2010-10-29    文章录入:nnb ]