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杀微生物剂把艾滋病研究“向前推进了一步”
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www.ebiotrade.com 时间：2010年7月27日
来源：科学与发展网络
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摘要： 在艾滋病研究界之前经历了令人失望的试验之后，首个能够显著降低女性感染艾滋病病毒风险的阴道杀微生物剂凝胶再次为艾滋病研究界提供了希望。来自南非艾滋病研究项目中心（CAPRISA）的科学家本周在奥地利维也纳举行的第18届国际艾滋病大会上报告了CAPRISA 004试验的结果。他们的研究发表在了《科学》杂志上。 |
在艾滋病研究界之前经历了令人失望的试验之后，首个能够显著降低女性感染艾滋病病毒风险的阴道杀微生物剂凝胶再次为艾滋病研究界提供了希望。
来自南非艾滋病研究项目中心（CAPRISA）的科学家本周在奥地利维也纳举行的第18届国际艾滋病大会上报告了CAPRISA 004试验的结果。他们的研究发表在了《科学》杂志上。
这个双盲随机化对照试验是在夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省进行的，试验参与者被认为面临很高的感染风险。大约445位女性获得了这种含有替诺福韦的杀微生物剂，它可以防止艾滋病病毒进入人类细胞，同时有444位女性获得了安慰剂。
这种杀微生物剂在减少传播方面具有39%的有效率。33%被认为是具有统计显著性的结果。
如果在性行为之前12小时或者之后不久使用它，它可以防止感染。与其他失败了的凝胶不同，替诺福韦在皮肤表面上不会起作用。它被目标细胞吸收，艾滋病病毒也向这些细胞进发，在那里它阻止了感染的发生。
在这组科学家召开的电话会议中，研究人员夫妇Salim Abdool Karim 和Quarraisha Abdool Karim说，如果更坚持使用该凝胶，有效率更高——最高达54%。而在受试者使用该凝胶的18个月里坚持使用倾向于逐渐下降。
Quarraisha Karim是南非的艾滋病研究人员、哥伦比亚大学的流行病学副教授，她说在她所在的夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省的诊所中，女性不断要求给她们一种可以用于防止感染的产品。
“在这之前我无法提供任何东西，”她说。“如今情况不同了，因为在我告诉她们没有办法的很多年之后，如今我可以提供1%的替诺福韦凝胶。”
替诺福韦凝胶看上去具有双重作用，也可以防止2型单纯疱疹病毒感染。
“由于患生殖器疱疹的女性远远更容易感染艾滋病病毒，替诺福韦凝胶对疱疹的额外抵抗能力带来了第二种机制，可能让这种凝胶对预防艾滋病病毒起到更大的作用。” CAPRISA主任、夸祖鲁-纳塔尔大学的（科研）副校长Salim Karim说。
南非艾滋病活动家组织“治疗行动运动”的研究人员Marcus Low告诉本网站说：“它肯定是向前迈出的一步，因为这是凝胶首次被证明能够防止艾滋病感染。然而，在我们了解这种凝胶是否真正安全有效以及它是不是可以推广的可行候选之前，还有许多研究要做。”
南非医学研究理事会的艾滋病预防部门主任Gita Ramjee说另一项研究试验——VOICE（控制艾滋病流行的阴道和口头干预）目前正在马拉维、乌干达、南非和津巴布韦进行，它“将建立在CAPRISA 004的结果上”。
CAPRISA 004研究受到了南非技术创新署、科技部以及美国国际开发署的资助。
链接到《科学》杂志的论文全文  [1.55MB]
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Microbicide research into AIDS "step forward"
www.ebiotrade.com Time: July 27, 2010 Source: Science and Development Network
Abstract: Prior to the AIDS research community has experienced disappointing test, the first woman to significantly reduce the risk of HIV infection vaginal microbicide gel for the AIDS research community once again offer hope. From the South African AIDS research center (CAPRISA) scientists this week in Vienna, Austria, the 18th International AIDS Conference reported CAPRISA 004 test results. Their study, published in the "Science" magazine.
Prior to the AIDS research community through the disappointing test, the first women to significantly reduce the risk of HIV infection vaginal microbicide gel for the AIDS research community once again offer hope.
South African AIDS research center (CAPRISA) of scientists this week in Vienna, Austria, the 18th International AIDS Conference reported CAPRISA 004 test results. Their study, published in the "Science" magazine.
This double-blind randomized controlled trial in KwaZulu - Natal Province, the trial participants were considered to be at high risk of infection. About 445 women have won this with tenofovir microbicide, it can prevent the AIDS virus from entering human cells, while there are 444 women received placebo.
Such microbicides to reduce transmission of a 39% efficient. 33 percent was considered statistically significant results.
If 12 hours before sexual activity or use it soon after, it can prevent infection. Failed to gel with the other different, tenofovir does not work on the skin surface. It is absorbed by the target cells, HIV has also embarked on to these cells, where it prevents infection.
In this group of scientists held a telephone conference, the researchers couple Salim Abdool Karim and Quarraisha Abdool Karim said that if even insist on the use of the gel, there are more efficient - the highest is 54%. In the subjects using the gel stick to 18 months tend to gradually decline.
Quarraisha Karim is South Africa's AIDS researchers, associate professor of epidemiology at Columbia University, where she said she KwaZulu - Natal Province, clinics, women constantly asked to give them a kind of products can be used to prevent infection.
"Before that I can not offer anything," she said. "Now the situation is different, because I told them no way, after many years, now I can provide a 1% tenofovir gel."
Tenofovir gel appeared to have a double role, but also can prevent herpes simplex virus type 2 infection.
"As women suffering from genital herpes is far more vulnerable to HIV infection, tenofovir gel for herpes resistant to bringing additional second mechanism that could allow the gel to play on a larger HIV prevention role. "CAPRISA Director, KwaZulu - Natal University (Research) Vice-President Salim Karim said.
South African AIDS activist organization, "the Treatment Action Campaign" Marcus Low, researchers told the website: "It is certainly a step forward, because this is the first gel was shown to prevent HIV infection. However, we understand This gel is really safe and effective, and it is not a viable candidate can be promoted before, there are many things. "
South African Medical Research Council of AIDS prevention, said Gita Ramjee, director of another research trial - VOICE (control the AIDS epidemic vaginal and oral interventions) are currently in Malawi, Uganda, South Africa and Zimbabwe, it "will build on CAPRISA 004's results. "
CAPRISA 004 studies of technological innovation by the South African Department of Science and Technology and the U.S. Agency for International Development funding.
Link to "Science" magazine paper full [1.55MB]
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