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安徽一艾滋大学生报考教师遭拒录 起诉教育局歧视
2010年08月27日 04:41法制网-法制日报
因体检艾滋病检测呈阳性而在教师招聘中被拒，今天(8月26日)上午，大学生小吴（化名）向安徽省安庆市迎江区法院递交诉状，起诉安庆市教育局，要求法院判令被告安庆市教育局认定原告体检不合格不予录用的行为违法；请求责令被告重新作出对原告的具体行政行为。法院表示，经审查后将于一周内决定是否立案。据悉，这是我国第一例因感染艾滋病产生就业歧视而被诉诸法律，将可能成为《就业促进法》实施后我国首例艾滋病病毒感染者就业歧视诉讼案。
不幸感染艾滋
农村小伙称参加教师招聘考试被拒录
小吴来自一个贫困的农村家庭，经过自己的不懈努力，考上了大学，大学毕业后，小吴称，2010年5月，他参加了安庆市教育局组织的安庆市市直学校教师招聘考试，并于5月19日参加了笔试。
笔试顺利通过后，小吴又顺利通过了6月28日的面试，入围了体检名单。
7月12日，小吴在安庆市教育局的安排下到安庆市市立医院参加了入职体检，根据安庆市人社局和教育局发布的《2010年安庆市直学校公开招聘教师公告》，该体检将按照《公务员录用体检通用标准》进行。体检过后，小吴被教育局告知其体检结果有问题，需要进行“梅毒、丙肝、艾滋病”复检。
小吴称，8月15日，复检之后，安庆市教育局告知他，因其是艾滋病毒感染者，体检不合格，决定不予录用，并出具了加盖“安庆市教育局”公章的《告知书》。
经查阅相关文件，小吴发现，原国家人事部和卫生部制定的《公务员录用体检通用标准（试行）》第十八条规定：“艾滋病，不合格”，《公务员录用体检操作手册》规定：“HIV感染的诊断一经确定，即作体检不合格结论”。然而，小吴也意识到，自己报考的是教师，并非公务员。
艾滋感染者就业权受法律保护依法诉讼维权讨说法
被拒录后，苦闷的小吴开始在网上查询相关知识，在上网查询的过程中发现，从事艾滋病公益工作的民间组织有几百家之多。经过网上的查询及向公益机构咨询，小吴认识到，处于潜伏期的艾滋病病毒感染者在工作能力上与非感染者并无任何不同。《宪法》、《劳动法》、《就业促进法》、《艾滋病防治条例》等均明文规定保护劳动者的平等就业权，安庆市教育局的做法已经违反了相关法律法规，实际上就是对艾滋病毒感染者的就业歧视。
小吴向教育局进行交涉，并且索要自己的体检单，小吴称，交涉过程很不顺利，教育局工作人员告诉他：“现在不可能把体检单给你，如果你到法院起诉，我们自然会出示体检单”。无奈之下，小吴只有选择向法院起诉，在知名反歧视公益机构北京益仁平中心的协助下，小吴委托了安徽江淮律师事务所的郑继能律师和北京瑞风律师事务所的李方平律师，并于今日上午向安庆市迎江区人民法院提交了诉状。
在诉状中，小吴写道：“被告安庆市教育局在公开招聘教师的体检中对原告进行了HIV（注：艾滋病病毒）检测，获取了原告的身体隐私信息。并以原告为艾滋病感染者（携带者）为由认定其体检不合格，从而使原告失去了被聘用为教师的机会，违反了相关法律不得歧视艾滋病病毒感染者的规定，侵犯了原告依法享有的平等就业的权益”。请求确认被告认定原告体检不合格不予录用的行为违法；请求责令被告重新作出对原告的具体行政行为；请求判定被告支付此次诉讼引起的诉讼费。”
律师说法：立法保护趋严密
艾滋感染者法律意识在增强
小吴的代理律师指出，教师不是公务员，教师招聘按照公务员体检标准拒录艾滋病病毒感染者不合法。根据我国宪法第三十三、四十二条及相关法律规定，公民有平等就业的权利，任何单位和个人不能侵犯公民的平等就业权。我国《劳动法》第三条、第十二条规定，劳动者享有平等就业的权利，劳动者就业不应受到歧视。
曾代理“天津乙肝歧视第一案”及“中国基因歧视第一案”等反歧视诉讼案的著名公益律师、北京瑞风律师事务所李方平认为：除宪法、劳动法外，我国其它相关法律法规也对艾滋病毒感染者的平等就业等各方面权利有明确的保护。《就业促进法》就明文规定，“用人单位招用人员，不得以是传染病病原携带者为由拒绝录用。”《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》也有相关规定，“任何单位和个人不得歧视传染病病人、病原携带者和疑似传染病病人。”
自1999年起就从事艾滋病法律工作的资深律师、北京君方律师事务所刘巍女士也认为，近年来，我国政府高度重视艾滋病病毒感染者受歧视的问题，2006年3月1日正式施行的《艾滋病防治条例》第三条对艾滋病毒感染者的就业、入学等权利专门做了明确的保护性规定，“任何单位和个人不得歧视艾滋病病毒感染者、艾滋病病人及其家属。艾滋病病毒感染者、艾滋病病人及其家属享有的婚姻、就业、就医、入学等合法权益受法律保护”。“然而，由于艾滋病病毒感染者有诸多顾虑，所以通过诉讼途径来维护自身就业权利的案例还没有出现过，本案将可能成为《就业促进法》实施之后我国第一起艾滋就业歧视诉讼案，这表明，我国艾滋病病毒感染者的法律意识和权益意识在增强”，刘巍说。
各界观点：政策漏洞待弥补
期待行政部门成为“模范雇主”
“艾滋病病毒感染者面临的最大问题就是歧视。感染者是疾病的受害者，应该得到人道主义的同情和帮助。对艾滋病病毒感染者的歧视违背了法律面前人人平等的原则，导致了不公平，而最严重的是，加深了人们艾滋病可怕的印象，不仅不利于预防和控制艾滋病，还会成为社会的不安定因素”。反歧视公益机构北京益仁平中心负责人于方强表示，近年来，就业歧视现象层出不穷，一些政策仍有待完善，政策漏洞仍有待弥补。
“本次艾滋病争议值得关注，如果各行各业都按照公务员体检标准来招聘人的话，艾滋病病毒感染者就无法找到任何工作了。”民间反歧视公益人士陆军表示，近年来，中央政府高度重视就业歧视问题，很显然，行政部门正在努力要成为“模范雇主”，2005年制定的公务员体检《标准》和《手册》在乙肝、身高等问题上已经为社会各界起到了消除歧视的示范作用，如果《标准》和《手册》在艾滋病方面也能进一步完善起来，势必将使得政府消除艾滋就业歧视的努力大大地前进一步。
2010年7月，中国政法大学宪政研究所发布了“当前大学生就业歧视调查报告”，这项调查显示，企业的就业歧视占60.70%，政府机关占43.44%，其次是事业单位，占38.61%。中国政法大学宪政研究所所长蔡定剑教授直言，一些现行规定导致了“制度性的健康歧视”，“中国应该尽快设立一部反就业歧视的基本法。在这部法规里应该对就业歧视进行一个明确地定义，其中还要包括设立一个怎样的机构去调解就业歧视，当遇到就业歧视后如何让受害人得到救助。除了立法以及司法救助的渠道进行完善后，还应该依靠很多的NGO组织，对于弱势群体进行帮助和支持，只有做到这些，才能让大学生和社会人士的就业不受到歧视伤害。”蔡定剑建议。
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Students apply for a teacher in Anhui refused HIV Education recorded prosecute discrimination
At 04:41 on the August 27, 2010 Legal Times - Legal Daily
Examination tested positive for HIV in the recruitment of teachers refused, today (August 26) morning, students Xiao Wu (pseudonym) to the Anqing Yingjiang District filed suit, prosecution Anqing City Board of Education, asking the court to sentence Anqing City Board of Education finds that the defendant failed not to hire plaintiff examination is illegal; request to re-order the defendant to the plaintiff's specific administrative act. The court said, after examination, will be placed on file within one week to decide whether. It is the result of China's first case of HIV infection have been resorting to generate employment discrimination law, may be "Employment Promotion Law," after the implementation of China's first case of HIV discrimination in employment lawsuit.
Unfortunately, HIV infection
Rural guy that refused to participate in teacher recruitment exam record
Xiao Wu comes from a poor rural families, through their tireless efforts, admitted to the University, after graduation, Xiao Wu said that in May 2010, he participated in Anqing City of Anqing city directly under the Organization for Education, school teachers recruitment exam and was on May 19 participated in the written examination.
Written test is passed, Xiao Wu has successfully passed the June 28 interview, a medical list of finalists.
July 12, Xiao Wu in Anqing City Department of Education arranged to Anqing City Hospital took part in the induction physical examination, according to people in Anqing City Council and the Education Society "issued in 2010 the school directly under the open recruitment of Anqing Teachers Notice", which physical examination according to the "common standard civil service recruitment examination" conducted. After physical examination, Xiao Wu told his physical examination by the department in question, the need for "syphilis, hepatitis C, AIDS" re-examination.
Xiao Wu said, on August 15, recheck, the Anqing City Board of Education informed him of their HIV infection, medically unfit, the decision not to hire, and issue the stamp, "Anqing City Board of Education," an official seal "this book."
After checking the relevant documents, Xiao Wu found that the former State Ministry of Personnel and the Ministry of Health to develop a "common standard of civil service recruitment examination (Trial)" 18th Article: "AIDS, substandard," "civil service recruitment examination Operations Manual" states: " Diagnosis of HIV infection has been determined that the unsatisfactory conclusion for examination. " However, Xiao Wu also realized that he applied for the teacher, not a civil servant.
HIV-infected persons in employment law litigation Rights protected by law seek explanation
Refused were recorded, the depression of Xiao Wu began at the web-related knowledge, in the process of online searching found that public interest in AIDS work as much as hundreds of non-governmental organizations. After on-line inquiries and advice to public bodies, Xiao Wu recognized that in the incubation period of HIV infection in the ability to work with non-infected person is no different. "Constitution", "Labor Law", "Employment Promotion Law," "AIDS Prevention Act," Deng Jun explicit provision of equal employment rights of workers, the practice of Anqing City Board of Education has violated the relevant laws and regulations, in fact on HIV HIV discrimination in employment.
Xiao Wu made representations to the Education Bureau, and ask for their medical bills, Xiao Wu said the negotiation process very smoothly, and Education, who told him: "It is impossible to single physical examination to you, if you go to court, we naturally will produce a physical examination alone. " In desperation, Xiao Wu only choose to court, well-known anti-discrimination in public institutions Beijing Beijing Yirenping assistance of the Centre, commissioned jianghuai Xiao Wu Zheng following law firms to lawyers and law firms Refine Beijing lawyer Li Fangping and Anqing City this morning to submit a complaint Yingjiang District People's Court.
In the complaint, Xiao Wu wrote: "The defendant Anqing City Board of Education recruitment of teachers in public examination of the plaintiff was HIV (Note: HIV) testing, access to private information of the plaintiff's body. And to the plaintiff for the AIDS (carriers) determined the physical grounds of failure to make the plaintiff lost the opportunity for teachers to be employed, in violation of relevant laws and shall not discriminate against people living with HIV in the provision violated the equal employment law plaintiff's rights ". Request for medical examination to confirm the defendant found the plaintiff failed not to hire illegal acts; request to re-order the defendant to the plaintiff's specific administrative act; request found the defendant to pay the litigation costs arising. "
Lawyer saying: legislation to protect increasingly tight
HIV infection in enhancing awareness of the law
Xiao Wu's attorney pointed out that teachers are not civil servants, teachers, civil service recruitment examination in accordance with standard resist HIV infection were recorded illegal. According to the Constitution 33rd, 42 and the relevant laws and regulations, citizens have equal employment rights, no unit or individual can not infringe the right of citizens of equal employment. China's "Labor Law" Article III, Article XII, equal employment rights of workers, employment of workers should not be discriminated against.
Have represented "Tianjin Disease Discrimination" and "the first case of genetic discrimination in China" and other well-known anti-discrimination public interest litigation lawyer, Li Fangping, Beijing Refine firm that: In addition to the constitution, labor law, the other relevant laws and regulations in China also living with HIV and other aspects of equal employment rights have a clear protection. "Employment Promotion Act" expressly provides that "hiring by employers, infectious pathogen carrier shall not be refused on the grounds of mere hired." "The People's Republic of China Disease Prevention Act" has a similar provision, "any unit or individual may discriminate against infectious disease patients, carriers and suspected patients of infectious pathogens. "
Since 1999, the legal work involved in AIDS, a senior lawyer, Beijing law firm Miss Liu Wei Jun parties agreed that, in recent years, the Chinese Government attaches great importance to HIV discrimination issues, March 1, 2006 implemented a formal "AIDS Prevention and Control Regulations," the third of HIV-infected persons to employment, school and other rights specifically to do a clear protective provisions, "any unit or individual may discriminate against people living with HIV, AIDS patients and their families. HIV infection, AIDS patients and their families to enjoy marriage, employment, medical care, schooling and other legitimate rights and interests protected by law. " "However, because HIV infection has many concerns, so by legal means to safeguard their employment rights cases have not occurred, the case may be," Employment Promotion Law "after China's first AIDS discrimination in employment litigation, which indicates that , HIV-infected persons in China's legal awareness and in enhancing awareness of their rights, "Liu Wei said.
View all: policy gaps to be bridged
Looking forward to the executive branch to become a "model employer"
"HIV is the biggest problem facing discrimination. Infected the victims of the disease, should be humanitarian sympathy and help. On HIV discrimination violates the principle of equality before the law, resulting in unfair and, most seriously, has deepened the impression that people fearful of AIDS, is not conducive to the prevention and control of AIDS, will be social instability factor. " Beijing Beijing Yirenping public sector anti-discrimination Center for the strong side that in recent years, employment discrimination after another, some policy yet to be perfect, policy gaps remain to be offset.
"This dispute should be concerned about AIDS, if the businesses are in accordance with the standards of civil service recruitment examination were then infected with HIV will not find any job." Civil anti-discrimination public service to the army that in recent years, the central government a high degree of attention to employment discrimination, it is clear that the Administration is trying to become a "model employer", the civil service examination in 2005 to develop "standards" and "Manual" in the hepatitis B, height and other issues the community has played an exemplary role in the elimination of discrimination, if "Standard" and "Manual" in the AIDS can be further improved, is bound to make the government's efforts to eliminate HIV discrimination in employment significantly forward.
July 2010, China University of Political Science Institute released the constitutional "Current college students report employment discrimination", the survey shows that enterprises accounted for 60.70% of employment discrimination, government agencies, accounting for 43.44%, followed by public institutions, accounting for 38.61%. Research Institute of China University of Political Science Constitutional Professor Cai Dingjian respect, a number of existing regulations led to a "system of health discrimination", "China should set up an anti-discrimination in employment as soon as the Basic Law. In this employment discrimination statutes should be a clear defined, which will also include Sheli what kind of organization to mediate employment discrimination, Dang encounter discrimination in employment Houruherang victims Dedaojiuzhu. Chule Legislative Yiji judicial Jiuzhu the Qudao for refined, should also be a lot of NGO 组织 Yi Kao, Duiyu Help and support disadvantaged groups, and only do that in order to allow the employment of university students and the community are not discriminated against harm. "Cai Jian recommendations.
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