英语中，当动词的主语或逻辑主语是该动词所表示动作的承受者时，常用被动语态，即“be+过去分词”形式。例如：

　　Twenty students in that school were sent abroad to study medicine last year. 去年，那所学校有二十名学生被派往国外学医。

　　但有时候，有些表示被动意义的句子却可以用动词的主动形式来表示。例如：

　　This kind of cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。

　　现将常见的主动形式表示被动意义的用法例举如下：

　　一、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义

　　1. 部分表示心理活动或心理感觉的半连系动词（如feel， look， prove， sound， smell， taste等）作谓语（主语通常是物），且形容词作表语时，主动形式表示被动意义。如：

　　— Do you like the material？你喜欢这种布料吗？

　　— Yes， it feels very soft.喜欢，感觉挺柔软的。

　　Apples which look good don't necessarily taste nice. 好看的苹果未必好吃。

　　It sounds like there is something wrong with the fax machine. It beeps all the time. 传真机听起来好像有点问题。它不停地嘟嘟响。

　　2. 一些表示主语内在品质或性能的动词（如break， clean， last， read， sell， wash， wear， write等）与well， easily等副词连用时，用其一般现在时的主动形式表示被动意义。其主语一般为物。如：

　　The thread breaks easily where it is the weakest. 线在最细的地方容易断。

　　The poem doesn't read smoothly. 这首诗读起来不顺畅。

　　Books written by Han Han are very popular among young people， so they sell well. 韩寒的书很受年轻人欢迎，所以畅销。

　　3. 表示“发生，进行”的动词和短语，如happen， take place， break out， come out， come about， come true， turn out等，主动形式表示被动意义。如：

　　How do the newspapers come out？ 这些报纸是如何印出来的呢？

　　We cannot be sure whether our dreams will come true， but we can， at least， be hopeful that our efforts to improve the world will be successful. 我们不能确定我们的梦想能否实现，但至少我们可以满怀希望我们为改善世界所作的努力是会成功的。

　　4. 主语为事物名词，谓语含won't或wouldn't表示“不能”时，后面的动词（如lock， move， open， start， shut等）常用主动形式表示被动意义。如：

　　The window won't shut. Would you please have it repaired？这窗户关不上。找个人修一下好吗？

　　Though he tried hard， the box wouldn't move. 尽管他用尽了力，盒子就是移不动。

　　注意：主动语态表示被动强调主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。请比较：

　　The door won't lock. （指门本身有问题，关不上 ）

　　The door won't be locked. （指不会有人来锁门）

　　（一） 动词不定式的主动形式表被动意义

　　1. 名词后面作定语的动词不定式与名词成动宾关系，同时又与句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时，该不定式主动形式表示被动意义。

　　Would you please lend me some books to read？ 借些书给我看看，好吗？

　　I have a letter to write to tell the headmaster that we need more activities. 我要给校长写封信，告诉他我们需要更多的活动。

　　请比较：

　　I have a lot of things to type this afternoon.（to type与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系）

　　I'm not busy now. Do you have anything to be typed？（此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是type这一动作的执行者）

　　2. 在某些“形容词＋不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语也是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有difficult，easy，hard，heavy，light，inter?鄄esting，comfortable，fit，good，pleasant，nice等。

　　He said the problem was difficult to solve. 他说这道题难解。（可看作to solve前省略了for him）

　　The chair looks rather hard， but in fact， it is very comfortable to sit on. 这椅子看上去相当坚硬，但事实上，坐上去很舒服。

　　I think him hard to get along with. 我觉得他难以相处。

　　3. 在“too ... to ...”结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，用主动形式表示被动意义。

　　This book is too expensive（for me） to buy. 这本书太贵，（我）买不起。

　　4. blame，let等动词的不定式作表语或定语时，其主动形式表示被动意义。

　　The house is to let. 这房子出租。

　　I feel it is your husband who is to blame for the spoiled child. 我觉得孩子被宠坏是你丈夫的责任。

　　（二） 动词?鄄ing的主动形式表示被动意义

　　1. 在行为动词need， require， want， deserve， （won't， wouldn't） bear/stand等后面，用动词?鄄ing的主动形式表示被动意义。句子的主语实质上是动词?鄄ing的宾语。

　　The library needs cleaning， but it'll have to wait until Sunday. 图书馆需要打扫，但得等到星期天。

　　The problem that you raised required paying special attention to. 你提出的问题需要特别注意。

 

This won't bear thinking of. 这不堪一想。

　　注意：以上几个动词（bear，stand除外）后面也可以接不定式的被动语态形式。如：

　　His sick mother wants looking after / to be looked after. 他生病的母亲需要人照应。

　　2. “主语+ be worth+动词?鄄ing”结构中，动词?鄄ing的主动形式表示被动意义。

　　— What do you think of the film AfterShock？ 你觉得《唐山大地震》这部电影怎么样？

　　— Oh， excellent. It's worth seeing a second time. 好极了。值得再看一次。

　　3. 在介词past， beyond， under或介词短语in need of 的后面用动词?鄄ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义。

　　The beauty of the West Lake is beyond painting. 西湖之美难以描绘。

　　The method is better than the former one， but it is still in need of improving. 此方法虽比前一个好些，但仍然需要改进。

　　4. 少数几个动词如remain， miss， want等的?鄄ing形式作表语或定语时，其主动形式表示被动意义。

　　In the earthquake， besides the killed and wounded， many were missing. 在这次地震中，除伤亡人员外，还有多人失踪。

　　In the end， he had to go back to his hometown， where he spent the remaining years of his life. 最后，他只好回到家乡，在那里度过了人生的最后几年。

　　1. I like my new bike. Itvery well.

　　A. rides B. is riding

　　C. is ridden D. has ridden

　　2. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good .

　　A. to be breathed

　　B. to breathe

　　C. breathing

　　D. being breathed

　　3. With the world changing fast， we have some?鄄thing newwith all by ourselves every day.

　　A. deal B. dealt

　　C. to deal D. dealing

　　4. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money?鄄making jobs theybefore leaving their hometowns.

　　A. promised

　　B. were promised

　　C. have promised

　　D. have been promised

　　5. Great changeshere since the open?鄄ing to the outside world in 1978.

　　A. took place

　　B. were taken place

　　C. have been taken place

　　D. have taken place

　　6. —Do you know how long the river is？

　　—As far as I know， it1，700 kilometres.

　　A. is measured

　　B. measures

　　C. measured

　　D. will be measured

　　7. Don't get that ink on your shirt， for it

　　.

　　A. won't wash out

　　B. doesn't wash out

　　C. won't be washed out

　　D. isn't washed out

　　8. The books were so popular that they

　　the first day on sale.

　　A. sold out

　　B. had sold out

　　C. were sold out

　　D. had been sold out

　　9. The policy is partlyfor causing the worst unemployment in Europe.

　　A. to be blamed

　　B. to blame

　　C. being blamed

　　D. blaming

　　10. These ten films recommended by this well?鄄known website are really worth .

　　A. to see B. to be seen

　　C. seeing D. being seen