非洲国家改善卫生保健确保未来

　　    2011年07月19日 07:14 来源： 人民日报

　　第三届非洲公共卫生与医疗高级别会议7月19日将在卢旺达首都基加利开幕，35名非洲国家政府部长和一些国际医疗卫生机构代表出席会议。在为期三天的会议里，约800名代表将讨论如何共同促进发展非洲医疗卫生事业，以实现联合国千年发展目标；另外，还将讨论如何加大对私营医疗部门的支持力度，以弥补公共卫生资源不足的问题。

　　此前，非洲公共卫生与医疗高级别会议曾于2002年和2008年在南非举行，对非洲卫生事业发展状况进行了评估，提出到2015年没有享受基本卫生条件的非洲人减少一半的目标。两次会议均呼吁非洲各国领导人加大卫生事业投入，加强医疗体系建设，以及培训更多社区医务工作者，促使非洲满足联合国千年发展目标卫生条件，使非洲卫生事业持续均衡发展。

　　手机成为提供免费咨询、辅导和在线帮助的有效途径

　　近年来，非洲各国意识到发展医疗卫生事业的重要性，纷纷加大政府投入。在国际社会的帮助下，非洲国家扩大了防疫、免疫项目的覆盖面，尤其在积极预防艾滋病和疟疾等方面取得了一定成效。

　　在日前举行的非洲联盟（非盟）财政、计划与经济发展事务部长和联合国非洲经济委员会联席会议上，与会各国官员都表示要加大对医疗卫生事业的投入。这一共识成为非洲医疗卫生事业发展的主要动力。虽然目前仅有6个国家达到了医疗卫生投入占财政预算15%的标准，但许多国家表示将大幅提高投入，还有一些国家正在对其医疗卫生系统进行改革。塞拉利昂卫生部负责人表示，塞拉利昂将在国家财政的支持下全面完善免费医疗系统。

　　医疗卫生体系不健全、居民相对分散等是非洲许多贫困人口不能够及时得到治疗的主要原因之一。但随着手机在非洲国家的快速普及，一种利用手机为患者提供免费咨询、辅导和在线帮助的方式正在非洲国家兴起。在南非，人们可使用手机快速查询有关艾滋病知识；坦桑尼亚还利用手机检查药品库存情况，使药物配送环节管理效率提高了75%。

　　为扩大防疫、免疫项目的覆盖面，非洲国家纷纷筹措资金，建立疫苗接种体系，加大对各类疫苗的推广宣传。在非洲许多城市的街头，各种宣传疫苗接种好处的公益广告随处可见。统计数据显示，近年来，非洲各类新生儿疾病发病率总体呈下降趋势。在南部非洲国家博茨瓦纳，白喉病已多年未被发现，麻疹病例和新生儿破伤风病例降为零。

　　作为艾滋病和疟疾的重灾区，非洲各国政府都将防治艾滋病作为首要任务之一。除进一步加大宣传外，一些非洲国家还设有艾滋病自愿检测和咨询体系，鼓励民众主动检测。年轻的坦桑尼亚化学家奥莫罗的研究课题就集中在运用传统医疗方法治疗艾滋病方面。

　　改善卫生保健系统，将有助于提高经济增长水平

　　尽管非洲国家在改善医疗卫生状况方面取得了一些进步，但是目前非洲54国中的32个国家的医疗卫生投入低于世界卫生组织建议的每人40美元标准，而且，非洲落后的医疗卫生条件已经成为阻碍经济发展的因素之一。

　　据统计，撒哈拉以南非洲人口仅占全球人口的11%，但死亡率却占全球的53%，5岁以下的儿童死亡率为50%，艾滋病病毒携带者占全球的67%。分析人士认为，医疗设施贫乏、外部医疗援助不足等因素是造成非洲人均卫生健康不达标的主要原因。

　　当前，大部分非洲国家医疗卫生的投入不足政府财政的15%。非洲人口的平均寿命仍较低，以南非为例，男性平均寿命为53.3岁，女性为55.2岁。这大大制约了成熟劳动力工作时间，加大了企业成本，让原本人口资源充沛的非洲仍然面临成熟劳动力匮乏的局面。

　　世界卫生组织、世界银行等组织前不久联合发布的研究报告《提高非洲人健康，取得更好的结果》指出，如果改善其卫生健康系统，非洲将会提高经济增长水平，并将挽救数百万人生命和延长非洲人寿命。同时，投资医疗卫生事业可以帮助非洲实现联合国千年发展目标。有专家分析，提高卫生保健水平是持续发展的必要条件之一。民众身体更健康，挣钱更多，消费能力更强，这些都会对一个国家的经济产生积极影响。

　　中国为非洲医疗卫生做出贡献

　　帮助非洲国家改善医疗卫生状况，提高非洲人民健康水平，一直是中国政府援助非洲的重要领域之一。中国卫生部组织中国医疗队开展“光明行”活动已在非洲深入人心，帮助不少非洲白内障患者重见光明。不久前，在加蓬执行医疗援助任务的中国军医杨铭被加蓬总统授予“黑豹骑士勋章”。

　　根据中国卫生部提供的数据，自1963年中国向阿尔及利亚派遣第一支医疗队至2010年年底，中国共向非洲48个国家派遣了1.7万名医务工作者，累计诊治患者达2亿人次。中国政府还承诺，自2011年起5年内，中国将再向发展中国家派遣3000名医疗专家、培养5000名医务人员，为100所医院提供医疗器械、药品，重点用于妇幼卫生及防治疟疾、结核病、艾滋病等疾病。3年内，中国还将再向全球基金捐款1400万美元，用于帮助发展中国家预防和治疗艾滋病、结核病和疟疾。中国与非洲还共同成立了南南卫生合作研究联盟，以促进中非卫生健康事业的合作发展。

　　日前，中国援助博茨瓦纳医疗队在博首都哈博罗内举行30周年纪念庆典，博茨瓦纳卫生部长西科辛表示，长期以来博茨瓦纳的医疗人员严重短缺，30年来中国先后向博派遣医疗队12批，医疗队员们无私奉献，向博茨瓦纳人民提供各类医疗专科服务，为博茨瓦纳医疗卫生事业发展做出了重要贡献。

　　（本报约翰内斯堡7月18日电）

　　艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复

　　图示∶2011年5月正式出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构事迹

　　

　　慢性艾滋病早期中医药治疗保障生命论证

　　红津液饮料面世 或将能预防艾滋病

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　　African countries to improve health care to ensure that future

　　    At 07:14 on July 19, 2011 Source: People's Daily

　　Third African public health and medical high-level meeting on July 19 will be opened in the Rwandan capital, Kigali, 35 African government ministers and representatives of some international health agencies attended the meeting. In the three-day conference where about 800 delegates will discuss how to jointly promote the development of the African Medical and health services, in order to achieve the UN Millennium Development Goals; addition, it will discuss how to increase private sector support, to compensate for public health problem of insufficient resources.

　　Earlier, the African public health and medical high-level meeting in 2002 and 2008 was held in South Africa, public health development in Africa assessed the situation, put forward in 2015 without access to basic sanitation target of halving the Africans. Both meetings were called on African leaders to increase health investment, strengthen the health care system, and training more community health workers to promote the UN Millennium Development Goals in Africa to meet the health conditions for sustainable and balanced development of health services in Africa.

　　Phone as providing free advice, counseling and effective way of online help

　　In recent years, the development of African countries realize the importance of medical and health services, have increased government investment. The help of the international community, African countries have expanded immunization, immunization coverage of the project, especially in the active prevention of AIDS and malaria and achieved some success.

　　At the recent African Union (AU) Finance, Planning and Economic Development Affairs and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa joint meeting, the participating States officials have pledged to increase medical and health undertakings. The consensus of medical and health development in Africa the main driving force. Although only six countries had reached the health budget into account 15% of the standard, but many said it would substantially increase the investment, there are a number of countries to reform their health systems. Sierra Leone Ministry of Health said that Sierra Leone will be in state financial support of a full complement of free medical care system.

　　Health care system is not perfect, the relative dispersion of the residents of many poor people in Africa can not receive timely treatment of the main. But with the phone in the rapid spread of African countries, a free use of mobile phones to provide patients with advice, guidance and online help is the way the rise of African countries. In South Africa, people use mobile phones quickly find information on AIDS knowledge; Tanzania also use mobile check pharmaceutical inventory, part of the management of drug delivery efficiency by 75%.

　　To expand prevention, immunization programs coverage, African countries have financing, the establishment of vaccination system, increase the types of vaccine promotion. The streets of many cities in Africa, a variety of promotional benefits of vaccination PSAs everywhere. Statistics show that in recent years, various types of neonatal morbidity in Africa in general decline. In the southern African countries of Botswana, has for years undiscovered diphtheria, measles and neonatal tetanus cases to zero.

　　As the hardest hit by AIDS and malaria, African governments will fight against AIDS as one of the priorities. In addition to further increase the publicity, some African countries also have voluntary HIV testing and counseling system to encourage people to take the initiative to detect. Tanzania's young research chemist omoro concentrated on traditional medical practices used in the treatment of AIDS.

　　Improve the health care system, will help to improve the level of economic growth

　　Although African countries in improving health status has made some progress, but now 54 countries in Africa, 32 countries put health lower than the WHO recommended standard $ 40 per person, and that Africa has lagged behind the health conditions become one of the factors hindering economic development.

　　According to statistics, the population of sub-Saharan Africa accounts for only 11% of the world's population, but the mortality rate accounted for 53% of the world, children under 5 mortality rate is 50% of AIDS virus carriers accounted for 67% of the world. Analysts believe that poor medical facilities, lack of medical assistance and other external factors on health per capita in Africa is the main reason for the health of non-compliance.

　　Currently, most African countries lack of government investment in health care finance 15%. Africa's population, the average life expectancy is still low, with South Africa, for example, average male life expectancy is 53.3 years for women 55.2 years. This greatly restricted the working hours of mature workers, and increased business costs, abundant resources so that the original population of Africa still faces a mature workforce shortage situation.

　　World Health Organization, the World Bank and other organizations recently released a research report jointly "to improve the health of Africans, to achieve better results," pointed out that if the health system to improve their health, will improve the level of economic growth in Africa and save millions African life and prolong life. Meanwhile, the health care industry can invest and help Africa realize the UN Millennium Development Goals. Some experts have analyzed to improve the level of health care is a necessary condition for sustainable development. People enjoy better health, more money, spending power, these will have a positive impact on the country's economy.

　　China to contribute to health care in Africa

　　To help African countries to improve health conditions, improve the health of African people, the Chinese government has always been important areas of Africa. Chinese Ministry of Health to organize the Chinese medical team to carry out the "bright line" activities have been deeply rooted in Africa, to help many African cataract patients. Not long ago, the implementation of medical assistance mission in Gabon, the Chinese Medical Gabonese President Yang Ming was awarded the "Knight of the Black Panthers."

　　According to the Chinese Ministry of Health data, since 1963, China dispatched the first medical teams to Algeria until the end of 2010, China's total of 48 African countries sent 17,000 medical workers, the cumulative treatment of patients with up to 2 million people. The Chinese government also promised since 2011, five years, China will send 3000 back to developing countries, medical experts, training 5,000 medical personnel, for the 100 hospitals with medical equipment, medicines, focusing on maternal and child health and prevention for malaria, Tuberculosis, AIDS and other diseases. Three years, China will further contribute $ 14 million the Global Fund to help developing countries to prevent and treat AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. China and South Africa also co-founded health collaborative research alliance to promote China-Africa cooperation in health development in the health industry.

　　Recently, China's assistance to medical teams in Botswana's capital Gaborone, Bo 30th anniversary celebration, said Xi Kexin Health Minister in Botswana, Botswana has long been a serious shortage of medical staff, 30 years, China has sent medical teams to the Bo 12 batches of medical players and selfless dedication to the people of Botswana to provide various medical specialties, medical and health services for the development of Botswana has made important contributions.

　　(Johannesburg newspaper, July 18 Xinhua)

　　 

　　

　　［ 作者：佚名    转贴自：本站原创    点击数：196    更新时间：2011-7-19    文章录入：nnb ］

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