（Chinese biscuits Made in Wellington,NZL）

发言：张京宏

时间：2022年4月3日 NZL WELLINGTON

 

新西兰中华文化艺术组织、中国硕士博士联合组织、惠灵顿维多利亚大学孔子学院朋友：

承蒙康先生好友周主席邀请，在投融资金融项目交流会结束后，安排这个文化交流。中午和康先生一起，去周主席家里吃丰盛中餐，还吃到了正宗烧饼。现在惠灵顿物价也高，大街上最便宜东南亚美食就是越南餐馆，差不多10纽币（人民币四五十块钱）能买到一碗盖浇饭，类似茄子烧肉或烧带鱼之类。周主席也是华人，1954年生，大我整整两轮。午餐时间康先生介绍了周主席，说周主席1974年来到新西兰，吃了许多苦，到1990年左右通过贸易有了财富积累，到现在算稳健——餐后我们到周主席音响室，看到了价值350万美金的德国音响。我问周主席，这个是否讲座可以说？是否涉及隐私或暴露财富带来什么顾虑？周主席说，都已依法纳税，在知识阶层文化交流场合说说也无妨。听了《越南鼓》、《阿姐鼓》，听了西游记电视剧主题曲，还听了《加州旅馆》，康先生说，这种级别音响，听《加州旅馆》（Hotel California）这样曲子，档次低了，是曲目档次低了。

我对康先生说，我出身中国西北，是农民家庭出身，幼年贫困，少年时代眼界不宽，十九岁考上大学离开陕西省渭南地区一个贫困县到徐州念书，才人生第一次在市中心看到肯德基餐厅，那时吃不起，只能看。三十五六岁购买人生第一辆奥迪A6L，才接触了奥迪轿车配置的BOSE（博世）音响，感觉很不错了，后来随着经济基础不断稳固，家庭购置KA8200家庭影院音响，然后再接触英国的品牌BOWER&WILKINS(宝华韦健），柏林之声，以及哈曼·卡顿（Harman·Kardon）音响品牌，这是我这种出身的“土包子”接触的有限几个品牌，四十岁后第一次知晓和购买百达翡丽品牌，之前圈子都没听到过。所以四十岁之前我不太喜欢交朋友，因为我的出身没有什么背景资源，人家和我交往，捞不到什么巨大好处，毕竟人绝大多数都是极为现实的——成年人交朋友应当具备交易价值或互相利用价值，认清这些没有什么不好（张京宏：长篇小说《卤阳湖》，天津人民出版社，2021年版）。四十岁之后自以为扎稳了根，开始投融资领域拓展，也开始接触商业各阶层，也自以为这几年走遍大半个地球见多识广，结果还是没有看出周主席家音响品牌。

无奈之下问康先生，康先生说这叫CAT品牌，高端订制，一套音响订货要两三年——如果算上功放机等全套配套设备，差不多五百多万美金总价。康先生进一步介绍，说这种档次音响，低音区可以延伸到18HZ以下，一般人耳朵20HZ以下是感觉不到的；标准音准可以订制432HZ，现在钢琴标准音准都是440HZ，其实莫扎特所有曲子最适合432HZ播放，才能准确感受其意境，莫扎特自己作曲就是用432HZ为音准进行创作的。我说这些我不太懂，不懂就不能装懂。不过最后周主席说，他也出身贫苦，他也是55岁之后购买的这些顶级音响设备，现在用了这许多年了，许多方面还是不懂，音乐也不懂，只要好听就听。我跟周主席说，我平时使用的是中国制造小米手机，型号小米10S，耳机是小米自己生产的AIR2耳机，价格人民币129块钱，感觉使用效果还不错。

 

一

 

上午我看了HSK汉语等级考试题目信息。这些题目对华人相当简单，基本都是“去商店、看电影、买水果、打电话”等。我们看HSK考试，就好比英美国家知识分子看中国的CET-4和CET-6考试。上个月在卡拉奇孔子学院，看到当地学生写的错字也是不能理解的，比如坐下的坐字，上面两个人是对的，下面一个土子少了中间一横。中国学生几乎不会有这样类型错误。

中国“一带一路”战略涉及65个国家都是国际经济贸易和金融投融资潜在合作目标。新西兰人口少，总共480万人口，感受不到十四亿人口大国在疫情之下几亿人就业受到影响情况。三年疫情中国至少两亿人受到影响，这几个月中国国内互联网大厂持续裁员，据说要优化掉现有人员的七成（70%）。这几十万人加上酒店、旅游、餐饮、房产、教育等近半年三四百万失业群体，就小五百万人口了——这些人口基本大学以上学历，之前都有体面工作，在城市买房还贷款，现在突然都失业了，国内找不到突破口，倒是可以考虑全球视野突破。这些人基本汉语很流利，本来就是母语，英语都考过大学英语四六级，单词是够用的，现在缺乏的是思维突破和眼界突破，应当放眼世界，从某一个固定岗位“稳定性”的落后观念中解放出来，寻求创新和出路。

中国历来不缺勇于突破的人。比如福建人和浙江人，很早就走遍全球了。全球走下来，你会发现一个惊人真相：全球华人拜关公的比拜孔子的多。解释这个现象，现有哲学社会科学文献和历史地理文献相当稀缺。这个事情从当前中国社会结构中或能看出端倪。比如每次碰到灾难，好比说这次上海疫情，这两天军队后勤2000多人和湖北、山东等各省支援医疗队到沪，要仔细用马克思主义基本观点分析，可以发现，都是财政供养人员为主。换句话说，这些有组织的志愿者、支援团队，本质都是财政支撑，而不是伟大友谊，这是真相事实。国家机器统治国家，根本是暴力机关为基础，包括军队，警察，保安等构成一个管理系统。没有财政支撑，就没有一切。研究《明史》就能发现，崇祯皇帝听信东林党的鬼话，杀了魏忠贤——魏忠贤财政能力强，收税解决军饷和公职人员工资——没有了魏忠贤，加上听东林党建议减免税收，结果军饷发不出，公务员工资发不出，于是努尔哈赤入关，崇祯皇帝上吊。清朝建立后，东林党首领钱谦益当了清朝的官，照样工资奖金一毛钱不少。崇祯皇帝地下有知的话，都能从棺材板里蹦出来，到江苏常熟去烧了钱谦益家的房子。钱谦益的学生郑成功去台湾割据，钱谦益的小老婆柳如是也是历史名人。这些例子旨在说明，财政是根本（张京宏：《利息伦理和借贷投融资》，经济日报出版社，2019年版）。一个国家财政强，才能统治稳定，经济强劲；一个人也一样，一个人要没权没钱，你啥都不是。

在处理国家和家庭关系上，孔子重点强调家庭为重。在处理朋友关系上，人们看中关公。现在的《三国演义》故事至少60%是虚构的，历史上关羽的武器是长矛，不是大刀。前些年我到许昌去，专门看了关公当年照顾嫂嫂的历史遗迹。1973年中国江苏南通出土了明朝成化年间历史文献，名字叫《关花索出身传》，其史学文献价值和长沙马王堆汉墓不相上下。《关花索出身传》详实记载了真实刘关张起义过程——为了造反，张飞关羽相约“互杀”，即关羽去把张飞家眷全部杀死，张飞去把关羽家眷全部杀死，如此操作是防止“回心”——从马克思主义阶级分析法看，这就是把小资产阶级变成无产阶级，只有一无所有，才肯革命到底——否则，给你一份稳定的公务员工资，给一个处级科级稳定岗位，你会去革命吗？李自成也是崇祯皇帝听信东林党建议杀掉魏忠贤、免除矿税导致国库空虚，发不起驿站工资进行驿站裁员，失去工作和工资之后，加上其他冲突，才起兵造反的。不然李自成在陕北米脂县邮政局稳稳当当干到退休，谁有稳定工资和稳定工作还去造反？马克思主义方法论要求抽象思维分析和具体分析结合，许多逻辑层面事情，古人和今人都是一样的（恩格斯：“资本论第2卷序言”，《马克思恩格斯选集》第2卷，第278~281页）。

海外华人拜关公，无需国家汉办花钱。办孔子学院是需要国家财政支持的。人们特别海外华人组织和历史上小刀会、青红帮等组织拜关公，主要是解决朋友关系的。在外面混，组成帮会，本质上都是朋友关系——朋友关系最关键是什么？是互相帮忙，不互相出卖——实质是忠义。正是这样诉求，关公成了武圣。作为一个保安出身的普通武将，关公承担了朋友之间最关键的忠义纽带，不能互相背叛，若背叛，就三刀六洞，不得好死。这些理念细化成为帮会章程。

包括中国革命，最初同盟会闹革命，不是依靠孔子，而是依靠帮会人员，只有这些人对朋友讲义气，中国普通老百姓95%和朋友之间做到互相来往就不错了，干革命、掉脑袋这样的大事，肯定只有帮派成员中勇敢分子才能干。无论是大刀王五帮助救助康有为、梁启超，还是贺龙两把菜刀闹革命，都依靠的不是孔子精神，而是关公承载的忠义精神。中国国内有个相声演员，叫郭德纲，相声水平不去评论，他相声中有两句话：“侠义每多屠狗辈，负心多是读书人。”现在人读过高中之后，就非常聪明了，不可能去为朋友牺牲。屠狗的樊哙跟刘邦起义，杀猪的张飞跟刘备起兵，莫不如此。“秀才造反，三年不成”，主要是孔子的书读的多了。

 

三

 

我们再说说中国文化史。新中国开国领袖说过：二十四史，多半假话。就是说，二十四史，十句话中有三四句可信就不错了，但你读还得当经典去读。不过上等根器之人读了内心会有思考，中等根器人读了不会深层分析但会将信将疑，下等根器人读了或信，或大笑之。同样一本书，不同人读了悟性不同，理解不同，就好比同一个语文老师教同一本语文书，全班50名同学考试成绩从三十分到九十分各有不同，虽然同样老师同样课本同一课堂。

1971年中国历史上发生了震惊中外的“九·一三事件”——开国领袖接班人、林副统帅乘坐军用飞机坠毁在蒙古国温都尔汗，机毁人亡。已解密文献资料说，林副统帅通读毛选，得出结论只有一句话：不说假话办不了大事。在这个结论之后，副统帅还有批注，说开国领袖几千年才出一个。开国领袖不服，亲自站出来批判，一手拿着副统帅坠亡的照片，一手指着副统帅的笔记本说：我才不是几千年只出一个！陈胜吴广、洪秀全杨秀清，不个个都是嘛。

对中国文化史研究，中国社会科学院有不少专家。中国社会科学院和中国科学院、中国工程院都是各自领域最高机构。社会科学院学部委员相当于科学院院士和工程院院士。我在中国社会科学院研究生院读了六年金融研究生，专门对大部分学部委员的代表著作和一些给学部委员著作写序的泰斗级专家的部分著作进行了认真文献阅读，稍微有一些沉淀和研究（王学泰：《游民文化与中国社会》，同心出版社，2007年版）。

中国文化史方面有个专家叫李慎之，1923年生，江苏无锡人，共产党员，曾担任社科院副院长、党组成员兼任美国研究所所长。李慎之曾是周总理外事秘书，1957年被开国领袖“钦定”为右派，一直挨打、被批斗。1979年邓小平访美，需要找一个顾问，找到了当时还是“右派”的李慎之担任外交顾问。在去美国飞机上，李慎之问了邓小平一句话：为什么要和美国交好？邓小平抽了一口烟，就回答了一句：因为几十年来凡是和美国关系好的国家都富裕了。

访美回国后，李慎之被平反，摘掉戴了22年的右派帽子。中共十二大关于外交部分是李慎之主笔起草的。李慎之对外交政策描述，核心围绕四个字：“国家利益”。

1989年北京天安门发生了政治风波，身为中国社会科学院副院长、党组成员的李慎之提了不同意见，尖锐批评，认为不能这样对待学生。邓小平没说什么，只是指示对李慎之进行免职。1990年李慎之被免除社科院副院长、党组成员职务。李慎之也没说什么。

1992年，在北京遇到巨大改革阻力的邓小平孤掌难鸣，无奈出京南巡。邓小平南巡期间，大量谈话。此时免职两年的李慎之再次站出来，说了两句话：

（一）中国需要有全球视野格局的政治家，邓小平就是这样的政治家；

（二）改革开放必须坚持，这是世界潮流。

得知消息的邓小平感谢李慎之的表态，指示对李慎之退休待遇要落实好。有文献资料说，邓小平关于1989年风波也有自己观点——邓小平认为，中国人口太多，素质太低，问题太杂，对这样一个国家，压倒一切的是稳定。邓小平决策中国事情，并无私心，并且“稳定压倒一切”成了邓小平政治遗嘱和中国共产党执政重要的政治理念。邓小平说， 马克思主义和中国实际相结合，产生了中国共产党——什么是中国实际？就是执政权。如果失去了执政权，中国共产党就什么也不是，苏联共产党解体就是例子。没有了政权，是不是还有几千万人积极入党呢？没有了政权，共产党就失去了一切。因此，邓小平是极为务实的政治家。再之后，邓小平去世。邓小平去世后，李慎之建议中国进行政治体制改革，说经济贸易全球化应当有价值观全球化配套，价值观配套就是政治体制改革——然后这个建议没有被接纳，并且被理解为自由化观点，前苏联解体就是前车之鉴——再然后李慎之写了一篇文章《被革命吞吃掉的儿子》，以此文章纪念社科院同事李炳泉。李炳泉是地下党员，是北平和平解放重要参与者之一，傅作义的谈判代表就是李炳泉当场引荐给林、罗、聂的。后来特殊十年开始，李炳泉被打成特务，1970年5月被红卫兵活活打死，到八十年代才平反。李慎之在文章中说，共产党杀的共产党，比国民党杀的共产党多几十倍。李慎之说的意思，主要是十年特殊历史时期情况。

据说有关领导对李慎之纪念李炳泉的文章有意见，认为有问题。于是相关部门派人到北京建国门外大街路南一个破旧老公寓即李慎之居住住宅进行过搜查，李慎之坐在10平米昏暗的小客厅不说话，吃着一根生黄瓜。搜查发现这个七十多岁接近八十岁的老头不会用电脑，不会打字，家里没有什么反对党的领导的材料，前前后后总共搜出几根黄瓜，然后不了了之。2003年李慎之去世，在八宝山公墓举行追悼，时任社科院院长陈奎元送了花圈，副院长李慎明去现场追悼。

所以说，研究中国文化史，有一个简单方法，就是阅读中国社科院学部委员们作品。这些作品中就藏着当代中国的文化史。学部委员全国就那么几十个，很好搜索相关资料。

 

四

 

其实每次文化交流，讲这样文化史相关议题，我都非常慎重。因为文化史和政治、历史息息相关，一不小心就可能讲话内容超出一定范围，那样不太好。今天硕士博士联合组织和周主席要求，我就简单交流，互相沟通。有些内容，在这样知识分子阶层讲讲是可以的，有些内容，并不是适合公开分析。今天发言中一些解密档案文献资料也不过是刚刚解密几年时间，要是再向前几年还在保密期的话，一方面我也看不到文献档案，另一方面也不能讲。马克思主义立场要求我们，传播既要实事求是，又要讲究纪律（沈宗南 张京宏：《营销传播学》，世新大学出版中心，2010年版）。因此，我们今天内容尺度，都是已经解密可以进行公开研究文献的范畴，也希望这些互动对大家能有帮助。谢谢你们。（完）

 

VICTORIA UNIVERSITY 0F WELLINGTON: HSK Chinese Language Learning and Chinese Cultural History from the Perspective of Marxism

 

Speaker: Zhang Jinghong

When: April 3, 2022 NZL WELLINGTON

 

Friends of the New Zealand Chinese Culture and Art Organization, the Chinese Master and Doctoral Association, and the Confucius Institute at Victoria University of Wellington:

At the invitation of Mr. Kang's friend Chairman Zhou, this cultural exchange was arranged after the exchange meeting on investment and financing financial projects. At noon, together with Mr. Kang, we went to Chairman Zhou's house for a sumptuous Chinese meal and authentic sesame seeds. Now Wellington's prices are also high. The cheapest Southeast Asian food on the street is Vietnamese restaurants. About 10 New Zealand dollars (40 or 50 yuan) can buy a bowl of rice bowls, similar to eggplant roast pork or roast hairtail. Chairman Zhou is also Chinese. He was born in 1954 and is older than me for two full rounds. During lunch, Mr. Kang introduced Chairman Zhou. He said that Chairman Zhou came to New Zealand in 1974 and suffered a lot. By 1990, he had accumulated wealth through trade, and now it is stable. After the meal, we went to Chairman Zhou's audio room and saw the German audio system worth $3.5 million. I asked Chairman Zhou, can this lecture be said? Are there any concerns about privacy or exposure of wealth? Chairman Zhou said that they have all paid their taxes in accordance with the law, and it is okay to talk about it in cultural exchange occasions for the intellectuals. After listening to "Vietnamese Drums", "A Sister Drum", the theme song of the TV series Journey to the West, and "Hotel California", Mr. Kang said that with this level of sound, listening to songs like "Hotel California", The grade is low, the track grade is low.

I told Mr. Kang that I came from a peasant family in northwestern China. I was poor in childhood and had limited vision in my youth. I was admitted to university at the age of 19 and left a poor county in Weinan area of Shaanxi Province to study in Xuzhou. It was the first time in my life I was in the city. I saw a KFC restaurant in the center, and I couldn't afford it at that time, so I could only watch it. At the age of 35 or 6, I bought the first Audi A6L in my life, and then I came into contact with the BOSE (Bosch) audio configured in Audi cars. I felt very good. Later, as the economic foundation continued to stabilize, the family purchased the KA8200 home theater audio, and then contacted the UK. The brand BOWER&WILKINS (Baohua Weijian), the voice of Berlin, and the Harman Kardon audio brand, these are a limited number of brands that I have come into contact with. Once I knew and purchased the Patek Philippe brand, I had never heard of it in the circle before. So before the age of 40, I didn’t like to make friends very much, because I didn’t have any background resources, and people didn’t get any great benefits from interacting with me. After all, most people are very realistic. Adults should make friends. There is nothing wrong with having transaction value or mutual utilization value. After the age of 40, he thought he had firmly established himself, began to expand in the field of investment and financing, and began to contact all levels of business. He also thought that he had traveled more than half of the world in recent years and was well-informed, but he still did not see the audio brand of Chairman Zhou's house. .

In desperation, I asked Mr. Kang. Mr. Kang said that this is called the CAT brand. It is high-end customized. It takes two or three years to order a set of audio equipment. Mr. Kang further introduced that this kind of sound, the bass range can be extended to below 18HZ, and the average human ear can't feel it below 20HZ; the standard pitch can be customized to 432HZ, and now the standard pitch of the piano is 440HZ, in fact, all Mozart songs are the most suitable 432HZ playback can accurately feel its artistic conception. Mozart's own composition was created with 432HZ as the pitch. I said that I don’t know much about it, so I can’t pretend to understand if I don’t understand. But in the end, Chairman Zhou said that he also came from a poor background. He also bought these top-level audio equipment after the age of 55. He has been using it for many years. He still doesn’t understand many aspects, and he doesn’t understand music. As long as it sounds good, listen. I told Chairman Zhou that I usually use a Xiaomi mobile phone made in China, model Xiaomi 10S, and the earphones are AIR2 earphones produced by Xiaomi itself. The price is RMB 129.

 

one

 

In the morning, I read the information on the HSK Chinese proficiency test questions. These questions are quite simple for Chinese, basically "going to the store, watching a movie, buying fruit, making a phone call" and so on. When we look at the HSK exam, it's like looking at China's CET-4 and CET-6 exams for intellectuals in British and American countries. Last month at the Confucius Institute in Karachi, I couldn't understand the typos written by local students. For example, when I sat down, the two people above were right, and the bottom one was missing a horizontal line in the middle. Chinese students rarely have such type errors.

China's "One Belt, One Road" strategy involves 65 countries, all of which are potential targets for cooperation in international economic trade, financial investment and financing. With a small population of 4.8 million, New Zealand has not felt the impact on the employment of hundreds of millions of people in a country with a population of 1.4 billion. At least 200 million people in China have been affected by the three-year epidemic. In recent months, China's domestic Internet companies have continued to lay off staff, and it is said that 70% (70%) of the existing staff will be optimized. These hundreds of thousands of people plus the three or four million unemployed groups in hotels, tourism, catering, real estate, education, etc. in the past six months, make up a small population of five million. These people have a basic college degree or above, and have decent jobs before. Buying a house and repaying the loan, now all of them are suddenly unemployed, and there is no breakthrough in the country, but a global perspective can be considered. These people are fluent in basic Chinese, they are native speakers, and they have passed CET 4 and 6 in English. The vocabulary is sufficient. What is lacking now is a breakthrough in thinking and vision. Liberated from the backward concept, seek innovation and way out.

China has never been short of people who have the courage to make breakthroughs. For example, people from Fujian and Zhejiang have traveled all over the world very early. Walking down the world, you will find an amazing truth: more Chinese people around the world worship Guan Gong than Confucius. Existing philosophical and social science literature and historical geography literature are quite scarce to explain this phenomenon. This can be seen in the current Chinese social structure. For example, every time there is a disaster, such as the Shanghai epidemic, more than 2,000 military logistics personnel and medical teams from Hubei, Shandong and other provinces have come to Shanghai in the past two days. We must carefully analyze the basic viewpoints of Marxism, and we can find that they are all financial support. People mainly. In other words, these organized volunteers, support groups, are essentially financial support, not great friendship, this is the truth. The state machine rules the country, and it is basically based on violent institutions, including the army, police, security, etc., which constitute a management system. Without financial support, there is nothing. Studying the "History of the Ming Dynasty" can find that Emperor Chongzhen listened to the nonsense of the Donglin Party and killed Wei Zhongxian-Wei Zhongxian had strong financial ability, and collected taxes to solve military salaries and salaries of public officials-without Wei Zhongxian, plus listening to the Donglin Party's suggestion to reduce or exempt taxes , As a result, the army's salaries could not be paid, and the civil servants' salaries could not be paid, so Nurhaci entered the customs, and the Chongzhen emperor was hanged. After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, Qian Qianyi, the leader of the Donglin Party, became an official of the Qing Dynasty, and the salary and bonus were still a lot of money. If Emperor Chongzhen knew anything underground, he could jump out of the coffin and go to Changshu, Jiangsu to burn the house of Qian Qianyi's family. Qian Qianyi's student Zheng Chenggong went to Taiwan to separate the regime, and Qian Qianyi's concubine Liu Rushi was also a historical celebrity. These examples aim to illustrate that finance is fundamental (Zhang Jinghong: "Interest Ethics and Borrowing, Investment and Financing", Economic Daily Press, 2019 edition). Only when a country has a strong finances can it have stable governance and a strong economy; the same goes for a person. If a person has no power or money, you are nothing.

In dealing with the relationship between the state and family, Confucius emphasized the importance of family. In dealing with friendship, people look to Guan Gong. At least 60% of the current "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" story is fictional. Historically, Guan Yu's weapon was a spear, not a broadsword. A few years ago, I went to Xuchang to see the historical relics where Guan Gong took care of his sister-in-law. In 1973, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China unearthed historical documents during the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty. The name was "The Biography of Guan Huasuo's Origin". Its historical document value is comparable to that of the Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha. "The Biography of Guan Huasuo's Birth" records the real Liu Guan and Zhang uprising process in detail - in order to rebel, Zhang Fei and Guan Yu agreed to "kill each other", that is, Guan Yu went to kill all Zhang Fei's family, Zhang Fei went to kill all Guan Yu's family, This operation is to prevent "returning one's mind" - from the perspective of Marxist class analysis, this is to turn the petty bourgeoisie into a proletariat, and only when they have nothing can they be willing to revolutionize to the end - otherwise, I will give you a stable civil servant salary and give A stable post at the department level, will you go to the revolution? Li Zicheng was also the emperor of Chongzhen after listening to the Donglin Party's suggestion to kill Wei Zhongxian and exempt the mine tax, which led to the empty treasury and the inability to pay the post station wages. Otherwise, Li Zicheng will work steadily at the Mizhi County Post Office in northern Shaanxi until he retires. Who will rebel with stable wages and stable jobs? Marxist methodology requires the combination of abstract thinking analysis and concrete analysis. Many things at the logical level are the same in ancient and modern people (Engels: "The Preface to Volume 2 of Capital", Selected Works of Marx and Engels, Volume 2, pp. 278~281 Page).

Overseas Chinese worship Guan Gong without the need for Hanban to spend money. The establishment of a Confucius Institute requires financial support from the state. People especially overseas Chinese organizations and historical small knife clubs, Qinghong Gang and other organizations worship Guan Gong, mainly to solve the relationship between friends. Hanging out and forming gangs are essentially friendships—what is the most important thing about friendships? It is to help each other, not to betray each other - the essence of carefulness is loyalty. It is precisely because of this appeal that Guan Gong became the Martial Saint. As an ordinary military commander from a security background, Guan Gong bears the most critical bond of loyalty among friends, and cannot betray each other. These ideas are refined into the guild charter.

Including the Chinese revolution. At first, Tongmeng would make a revolution, not relying on Confucius, but relying on gang members. Only these people show loyalty to their friends. 95% of ordinary Chinese people and friends can communicate with each other. The big things that must be done only by the brave members of the gang members. Whether it was the Great Sword King Wu helping Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, or He Long's two kitchen knives making a revolution, they all depended not on the spirit of Confucius, but on the spirit of loyalty carried by Guan Gong. There is a cross talk actor in China called Guo Degang. He does not comment on the level of cross talk. In his cross talk, there are two sentences: "Every time chivalrousness kills dogs, most of them are scholars." Now people are very smart after high school. It is impossible to sacrifice for a friend. Fan Kuai and Liu Bang, who slaughtered dogs, revolted, and Zhang Fei, who slaughtered pigs, fought with Liu Bei. "Scholarly rebels will not succeed in three years", mainly because Confucius has read too many books.

 

three

 

Let's talk about the history of Chinese culture. The founding leader of New China said: "Twenty-four histories are mostly lies. That is to say, in the twenty-four histories, three or four of the ten sentences are credible, but you should read them as classics. However, people with high-level talents will think in their hearts when they read it, people with medium-level talents will not have deep analysis but will be suspicious after reading, and people with low-level talents will either believe or laugh when they read it. The same book, different people have different comprehension and understanding, just like the same Chinese teacher teaching the same Chinese text, the whole class of 50 students have different test scores from 30 to 90, although the same teacher has the same The textbook is the same class.

In 1971, the "September 13 Incident" occurred in Chinese history that shocked both China and foreign countries. The successor of the founding leader, Deputy Commander Lin, took a military plane and crashed in Ondur Khan, Mongolia, killing the plane. According to the declassified documents, Deputy Commander Lin read through Mao's election and came to the conclusion that there is only one sentence: If you don't tell lies, you can't do great things. After this conclusion, the deputy commander also commented that the founding leader only came out in thousands of years. The founding leader refused to accept it and stood up to criticize in person. He held the photo of the deputy commander in one hand and pointed to the deputy commander's notebook with the other, saying: I am not the only one who has produced one in thousands of years! Chen Sheng, Wu Guang, Hong Xiuquan, Yang Xiuqing, not all of them.

The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences has many experts in the study of Chinese cultural history. The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Chinese Academy of Engineering are the highest institutions in their respective fields. The members of the Faculty of Social Sciences are equivalent to the academicians of the Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Engineering. I have been a graduate student in finance at the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences for six years. I have carefully read the representative works of most of the faculty members and some of the works of leading experts who have written prefaces to the works of the faculty members, with a little precipitation and research. (Wang Xuetai: "Homeless Culture and Chinese Society", Tongxin Publishing House, 2007 edition).

There is an expert in the history of Chinese culture called Li Shenzhi, born in 1923, a native of Wuxi, Jiangsu, a member of the Communist Party. Li Shenzhi used to be Premier Zhou's foreign affairs secretary. In 1957, he was "appointed" as a rightist by the founding leader, and he has been beaten and criticized all the time. When Deng Xiaoping visited the United States in 1979, he needed to find an adviser, and he found Li Shenzhi, who was still a "rightist" at the time, as a diplomatic adviser. On the plane to the United States, Li Shenzhi asked Deng Xiaoping a question: Why do you want to be on good terms with the United States? Deng Xiaoping took a puff of cigarette and replied: Because for decades, all countries with good relations with the United States have become richer.

After visiting the United States and returning to China, Li Shenzhi was rehabilitated and took off the rightist hat he had worn for 22 years. The foreign affairs section of the Twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was drafted by Li Shenzhi. Li Shenzhi's description of foreign policy revolves around four words: "national interest".

In 1989, when a political turmoil broke out in Tiananmen Square in Beijing, Li Shenzhi, the vice president of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and a member of the party group, raised different opinions and sharply criticized him, thinking that students should not be treated in this way. Deng Xiaoping didn't say anything, just instructed Li Shenzhi to be removed from office. In 1990, Li Shenzhi was dismissed from the posts of vice president of the Academy of Social Sciences and member of the party group. Li Shenzhi didn't say anything.

In 1992, Deng Xiaoping, who encountered huge resistance to reform in Beijing, had no choice but to go on a tour to the south of Beijing. During Deng Xiaoping's southern tour, he talked a lot. At this time, Li Shenzhi, who had been dismissed for two years, stood up again and said two words:

(1) China needs politicians with a global vision, and Deng Xiaoping is such a politician;

(2) Reform and opening up must be adhered to, this is the world trend.

Deng Xiaoping, who learned the news, thanked Li Shenzhi for his remarks and instructed that the retirement benefits of Li Shenzhi should be well implemented. According to some documents, Deng Xiaoping also had his own views on the turmoil in 1989. Deng Xiaoping believed that China's population is too large, its quality is too low, and its problems are too complicated. For such a country, stability is the overriding factor. Deng Xiaoping's decision-making in China was not selfish, and "stability overriding everything" has become Deng Xiaoping's political will and an important political philosophy of the Communist Party of China. Deng Xiaoping said that the combination of Marxism and China's reality gave birth to the Chinese Communist Party - what is China's reality? It's governance. If it loses power, the Chinese Communist Party is nothing. The disintegration of the Soviet Communist Party is an example. Without the political power, would there still be tens of millions of people actively joining the Party? Without power, the Communist Party has lost everything. Therefore, Deng Xiaoping was an extremely pragmatic politician. After that, Deng Xiaoping died. After Deng Xiaoping's death, Li Shenzhi suggested that China should reform its political system, saying that economic and trade globalization should be supported by the globalization of values, and the value support should be the reform of the political system—then this proposal was not accepted, and was understood as a liberalization point of view, the former Soviet Union Disintegration is a lesson from the past - and then Li Shenzhi wrote an article "The children swallowed by the revolution"Son", this article commemorates Li Bingquan, a colleague of the Academy of Social Sciences. Li Bingquan was an underground party member and one of the important participants in the peaceful liberation of Peiping. Fu Zuoyi's negotiator was introduced by Li Bingquan to Lin, Luo and Nie on the spot. Later in the special decade, Li Bingquan was labeled as a spy. In May 1970, he was beaten to death by the Red Guards, and he was rehabilitated in the 1980s. Li Shenzhi said in the article that the Communist Party killed dozens of times more Communists than the Kuomintang. What Li Shenzhi said was mainly about the special historical period of ten years.

It is said that the relevant leaders have opinions on Li Shenzhi's article commemorating Li Bingquan and think there is a problem. Therefore, the relevant departments sent people to a dilapidated old apartment in the south of Jianguomenwai Street Road in Beijing, that is, Li Shenzhi's residence. The search found that the old man in his 70s and 80s could not use a computer or type, and there was no information about the leadership of the opposition party at home. A total of several cucumbers were found before and after, and then nothing happened. When Li Shenzhi died in 2003, a memorial service was held at the Babaoshan Cemetery. Chen Kuiyuan, the then president of the Academy of Social Sciences, sent a wreath, and Li Shenming, the vice president, went to the scene to pay tribute.

Therefore, there is a simple way to study the history of Chinese culture, which is to read the works of the members of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. These works hide the cultural history of contemporary China. There are only dozens of faculty members across the country, so it is easy to search for relevant information.

 

Four

 

In fact, in every cultural exchange, when I talk about such issues related to cultural history, I am very cautious. Because cultural history is closely related to politics and history, the content of the speech may exceed a certain range if you are not careful, which is not very good. Today, the Master and Doctoral Association and Chairman Zhou asked me to simply communicate and communicate with each other. Some content is okay to talk about at such an intellectual level, and some content is not suitable for public analysis. Some of the declassified archives and documents in today's speech were only declassified for a few years. If the confidentiality period is still in the next few years, on the one hand, I will not be able to see the documents and archives, and on the other hand, I will not be able to talk about it. The Marxist position requires us to seek truth from facts and pay attention to discipline in communication (Shen Zongnan and Zhang Jinghong: "Marketing Communication", Shih Hsin University Publishing Center, 2010 edition). Therefore, our content scale today is the category that has been declassified and can be open for research literature, and I hope that these interactions can be helpful to everyone. thank you all. (over)