宋圭武观点82：现代化需要修好“心学”
“不能胜寸心，安能胜苍穹”，现代化需要修好“心学”。
“心”是什么？“心”是灵魂之本，是精神之源，是信仰之根。在孟子的世界里，“心”分为四种：恻隐之心；羞恶之心；辞让之心；是非之心。孟子认为，人若没有这“四心”，与禽兽无异。“无恻隐之心，非人也；无羞恶之心，非人也；无辞让之心，非人也；无是非之心，非人也。”同时，孟子还认为：在“四心”的基础上，人产生了仁、义、礼、智四种道德，即“四端”；一个人只有不断扩充和培养自己的善端，才能不断提升自己的道德水平，最终达到道德修养的最高境界。在康德的世界里，“心”就是善良意志。因为康德认为，善良意志是先天的、纯粹的善，是无条件的善，这也就意味着善良意志扮演的是灵魂本体和精神源头的角色，即“心”的角色。同时，在康德这里，善良意志自然也就成为产生道德的基石。陆九渊提出“心即理”，认为“宇宙是吾心，吾心便是宇宙”，“人心至灵，此理至明；人皆具有心，心皆具是理”，在现实世界，人难免受各种欲望的诱惑和蒙蔽，必须要不断提高修养，其中主要是要“发明本心”。王阳明在“心即理”的基础上，又进一步提出“知行合一”和“致良知”，人应当努力通过认知过程，使本性之良知走向道德之自觉良知。
修“心”为什么重要？不忘初心，方得始终。《孟子》说：“大人者，不失其赤子之心者也。”王阳明说：“人人自有定盘针，万化根源总在心。”《礼记》写道：“古之欲明明德于天下者，先治其国；欲治其国者，先齐其家；欲齐其家者，先修其身；欲修其身者，先正其心。”稻盛和夫说：心不唤物，物不至；一切始于心，终于心。具体而言，一是，“心”是产生情感的基础。情感是人生的火焰。人有了情感，就有了前进的驱动力。二是，“心”是产生意志的基础。人有了意志，就不怕吃苦，就有了坚韧的品格。三是，“心”是产生真行动的基础。“心”不动，“行”很难动，即使有“行”动，也必然多是假行动，而不是真行动，必然多是形式主义的行动。
如何修“心”，在具体内容方面，一是要修敬畏之心。敬畏是实现人格自觉的内在约束。对自然要敬畏。人不负青山，青山定不负人。不敬畏自然，后果是可怕的。对百姓要敬畏。民心是最大的政治。水可以载舟，也可以覆舟。对党纪国法要敬畏。权力是一把锋利的双刃剑，当战战兢兢、如履薄冰使用。二是要修忠诚之心。忠诚是做人的核心品格。三是要修敬业之心。四是要修淡泊之心。五是要修悲悯之心。要多想人间的苦。六是要修宽容之心。七是要修感恩之心。八是要修智慧之心。九是要修谦虚之心。
如何修“心”，在具体路径上，应同时注重内修和外修两个方面。内修，就是要不断反省自己的一言一行以及其中的对与错。外修，就是要知行合一。
破山中贼易，破心中贼难。修“心”也是一件难事，需要持之以恒，需要坚韧不拔。
通过修“心”，要不断提升人生境界的层次。第一层次境界是“真”的境界。第二层次境界是“善”的境界。第三层次境界是“美”的境界。这里一个人要达到“美”的境界，需要努力实现三方面的“美”。一是要努力实现灵魂美。这是美的核心和美的本体。二是要努力实现智慧美。“美”既是人生智慧的至高境界，也是科学研究的至高境界。在人与人的交往中，能给人和社会美感的人生是最美的。在科学研究中，美学标准也是最重要的标准之一。英国著名数学家哈代说：“美是首要的标准；不美的数学在世界上是找不到永久的容身之地的。”他还说：“数学家的造型与画家或诗人的造型一样，必须美。”法国著名作家福楼拜说：“越往前走艺术越是科学化，同时科学越是艺术化。两者在山麓分手，有朝一日终将在山顶重逢。”三是要努力实现行为美。行为美是美的外现形式。美若缺乏美的外现形式，美也是不美和不好的。灵魂美，智慧美，行为美，三方面的美互相促进，有机一体，形成最美人格。中国建设现代化强国，实现民族伟大复兴，需要扎实修好“心学”。
好，谢谢，谢谢。
Song Guiwu's Viewpoint 82: Modernization needs to repair the "Science of Mind"
"If you cannot win a little heart, how can you win the sky?" Modernization needs to repair the "Science of Mind". What is "Mind"?The "Mind" is the soul, the source of spirit, and the root of faith.In Mencius' world, "Mind" is divided into four kinds: the heart of compassion;the heart of shame and hate;the heart of giving up;the heart of right and wrong.Mencius believed that if people did not have the "Four Minds", they were no different from animals.Without the heart of compassion, they were not human beings;without the heart of shame and hate, they were not human beings;without the heart of giving up, they were not human beings;without the heart of right and wrong, they were not human beings."Meanwhile, Mencius also believed that on the basis of the "Four Minds", people generated four morals, namely the "Four Ends", namely benevolence, justice, courtesy and wisdom;only by constantly expanding and cultivating their good ends can they constantly improve their moral level and ultimately reach the highest level of moral cultivation.In Kant's world, "Mind" is the good will.Because Kant believed that the good will is innate, pure good, and unconditional good, which means that the good will plays the role of the soul noumenon and the source of spirit, namely the role of "mind".Meanwhile, in Kant's view, the good will naturally becomes the cornerstone of morality. Lu Jiuyuan put forward "the heart is the truth", believed that "the universe is my heart, my heart is the universe", "the heart is to the spirit, this principle is to the Ming;people have a heart, the heart is the truth", in the real world, people are hard to avoid the temptation and deception of various desires, must continue to improve self-cultivation, which is mainly to "invent the heart".Wang Yangming on the basis of "the heart is the truth", further put forward "the unity of knowledge and practice" and "to conscience", people should strive to through the cognitive process, so that the conscience of nature to the moral conscious conscience.Why is it important to cultivate "the heart"? Never forget why you started, and your mission can be accomplished. Mencius said: "The elderly do not lose their pure heart."Wang Yangming said: "Everyone has his own compass, and the root of all changes is always in the heart."The Book of Rites wrote: "In ancient times, those who want to show their virtue to the world first govern their country;those who want to govern their country first unite their families;those who want to unite their families first build their bodies;those who want to build their bodies first correct their hearts."Inamori Kazuo said: "If the heart does not call things, things will not come;everything begins with the heart and ends with the heart."Specifically, first, "heart" is the basis for feelings.Emotion is the flame of life.With emotion, people have the driving force to move forward.Second, "heart" is the basis for will.With will, people are not afraid of hardship and have a strong character.Third, "heart" is the basis for real action."Heart" does not move, "action" is difficult to move, even if there is "action" move, it is inevitable that more false action, rather than real action, is inevitable more formalistic action.How to build "heart", in terms of specific content, one is to build the heart of awe.Awe is the internal constraint to realize the personality consciousness.To be in awe of nature.People do not bear the mountains, the mountains will not bear people.If you do not revere nature, the consequences are terrible.To be in awe of the people.The people's heart is the greatest politics.Water can carry a boat, but also can overturn a boat.To be in awe of the party's discipline and the law of the state. Power is a sharp double-edged sword, when used with trembling and trembling.Second, we should cultivate the heart of loyalty.Loyalty is the core character of life.Third, we should cultivate the heart of dedication.Fourth, we should cultivate the heart of indifferent.Fifth, we should cultivate the heart of compassion.We should think more about the suffering of the world.Sixth, we should cultivate the heart of tolerance.Seventh, we should cultivate the heart of gratitude.Eighth, we should cultivate the heart of wisdom.Ninth, we should cultivate the heart of modesty.How to cultivate "heart", in the specific path, should pay attention to both internal and external cultivation.Internal cultivation, that is, to constantly reflect on their words and deeds and the right and wrong.External cultivation, that is, to integrate knowledge with practice.It is easy to break the thief in the mountain, but it is difficult to break the thief in the heart.To cultivate "heart" is also a difficult thing, which needs persistence and perseverance.Through the cultivation of "heart", we should constantly improve the level of life realm.The first level is the realm of "truth".The second level is the realm of "goodness".The third level is the realm of "beauty".Here, a person to achieve the realm of "beauty", needs to strive to achieve the "beauty" of three aspects.First, we should strive to achieve the beauty of the soul.This is the core and the noumenon of beauty.Second, we should strive to achieve the beauty of wisdom."Beauty" is not only the highest realm of life wisdom, but also the highest realm of scientific research.In the interpersonal communication, the life that can give people and society a sense of beauty is the most beautiful. In scientific research, the aesthetic standard is also one of the most important standards.The famous British mathematician Hardy said: "beauty is the first standard;the mathematics of the world is not a permanent place."He also said: "the shape of the mathematician and the shape of the painter or poet, must be beautiful."The famous French writer Flaubert said: "the more forward the art is more scientific, and the more scientific the art.The two part at the foot of the mountain, one day will be reunited at the top of the mountain."Third, we should strive to achieve the beauty of behavior.The beauty of behavior is the external form of beauty.If the beauty lacks the external form of beauty, the beauty is not beautiful and not good.The beauty of the soul, the beauty of wisdom, and the beauty of behavior promote each other and form an organic whole to form the most beautiful personality.China's construction of a modern power and the realization of the great rejuvenation of the nation need to solidly repair the "heart science".OK, thank you, thank you.