段落排序题题型解析（一）

——谨以此篇献给为考研不懈努力的学子们

北京领航名师    王  舰

一、解题理论分析

名词主体论——结构决定论

名词主体论：段落的主要内容和大意体现在段落的主题句中，而且句子的内容体现在句子的主语、宾语主体上。因此，为了提高解题效率，考生可以通过句子的主语和宾语的名词把握句子、段落或篇章的含义。即，名词主体论。

结构决定论：段落排序题的文章结构特点与阅读理解大体一致，一般来说，有六种相对固定的结构形式。因此，在利用名词主题论理解每个段落内容之后，可以利用文章结构，将段落准确排序。

常见的文章结构顺序包含：

1.议题——问题——原因——对策

2.议题——问题——对策——结论（未来）

3.议题——问题——对策——结论（过去）

4.反面话题——驳斥观点——原因——观点——回顾过去

5.积极事物——优点——缺点——展望未来

6.消极事物——缺点——优点——回顾过去

二、解题步骤分析

步骤一，段落主题提炼

利用名词主体论，通过对段落中名词含义的把握（尤其是段落前两句内容的名词），提炼段落内容。

步骤二，文章结构把握

利用已经给定位置段落的内容判断文章的结构。

步骤三，逐步顺序排序

利用文章结构，结合以各个段落的内容，准确将段落排序。

三、解题实战练习

Directions：The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41—45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A—E to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.  (10 points)

[A] “I just don’t know how to motivate them to do a better job. We’re in a budget crunch and I have absolutely no financial rewards at my disposal. In fact, we’ll probably have to lay some people off in the near future. It’s hard for me to make the job interesting and challenging because it isn’t — it’s boring, routine paperwork, and there isn’t much you can do about it.

[B] “Finally, I can’t say to them that their promotions will hinge on the excellence of their paperwork. First of all, they know it’s not true. If their performance is adequate, most are more likely to get promoted just by staying on the force a certain number of years than for some specific outstanding act. Second, they were trained to do the job they do out in the streets, not to fill out forms. All through their career it is the arrests and interventions that get noticed.