艾滋病药食同疗之-康生丹颗粒〔二〕
皂甙与大豆皂甙国内外研究
康生丹颗粒做为天然食品、食疗与药食同源诞生的国内外第一个比证实有免疫作用，并经陕西省药品检验所成份鉴定含有大豆皂甙每袋100毫克，相当于100克以上原食品的含量。为了更深入明确研究其作用机理，我们做以下搜索研究综述，以谓同僚与质疑者同赐教。
皂苷(saponins)是存在于植物界的一类比较复杂的苷类化合物，具有特殊的生理活性。如人参皂苷、绞股蓝皂苷和柴胡皂苷等的生理功能及药用价值等方面已有深入的研究。
皂苷（saponin）
别称：碱皂体;皂素;皂甙;皂角苷;皂草苷;saponins
性质：又称碱皂体，皂素，皂甙，皂角苷或皂草苷。苷类的一种。能形成水溶液或胶体溶液并能形成肥皂状泡沫的植物糖苷统称。是由皂苷元和糖、糖醛酸或其他有机酸组成的。根据已知皂苷元的分子结构，可以将皂苷分为两大类，一类为甾体皂苷，另一类为三萜皂苷。皂苷多为白色或乳白色无定形粉末，少数为晶体，味苦而辛辣，对黏膜有刺激性。皂苷一般可溶于水、甲醇和稀乙醇，易溶于热水、热甲醇及热乙醇，不溶于乙醚、氯仿及苯。皂苷是很强的表面活性剂，即使高度稀释也能形成皂液。皂苷对心脏有刺激作用；又是很强的溶血剂。
一类较复杂的苷类化合物，与水混合振摇时可生成持久性的似肥皂泡沫状物。在植物界分布很广，许多中药例如人参、三七、知母、远志、甘草、桔梗、柴胡等都含有皂苷；中国从前用皂荚洗衣服，就是由于其中含有皂苷类化合物。皂苷由皂苷配基与糖、糖醛酸或其他有机酸组成。组成皂苷的糖常见的有D-葡萄糖、L-鼠李糖、D-半乳糖、L-阿拉伯糖、L-木糖。常见的糖醛酸有葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸，这些糖或糖醛酸往往先结合成低聚糖糖链，然后与皂苷配基分子中C3─OH 相缩合，或由两个糖链分别与皂苷配基分子中两个不同位置上的OH相缩合，皂苷配基分子中的─COOH也可能与糖连接，形成酯苷键。
皂苷按皂苷配基的结构分为两类：①甾族皂苷。其皂苷配基是螺甾烷的衍生物，多由27个碳原子所组成（如薯蓣皂苷）。这类皂苷多存在于百合科和薯蓣科植物中。②三萜皂苷。其皂苷配基是三萜（见萜）的衍生物，大多由30个碳原子组成。三萜皂苷分为四环三萜和五环三萜。这类皂苷多存在于五加科和伞形科等植物中。
多数皂苷能降低液体（水）的表面张力，具有起泡沫性质和乳化剂作用，能用作清洁剂，
还有溶血和毒鱼的作用。有许多含皂苷类成分的中药如远志、桔梗等有祛痰止咳的功效；有些皂苷还具有抗菌的活性或解热、镇静、抗癌等有价值的生物活性。个别皂苷有特殊的生理活性，如人参皂苷能增进DNA和蛋白质的生物合成，提高机体的免疫能力。甘草酸具有促进肾上腺皮质激素的作用，并有止咳和治疗胃溃疡病的功效。
皂甙的药理作用 1. 双向调节免疫作用； 2. 抗缺氧和抗疲劳作用； 3. 抗低温应激作用； 4. 抗脂质氧化作用； 5. 对中枢神经系统的作用； 6. 抗致突变作用； 7. 对肾有调节作用，补肾。
皂甙的目前分类与主要研究品种明细∶
人参皂甙、大豆皂甙、三七皂甙钠、蒺藜皂甙、柴胡皂苷、七叶皂甙钠、绞股兰皂甙、白芍皂甙等多种总皂甙；其中以人参皂甙、绞股兰皂甙与大豆皂甙的研究处于领先地位。人参皂甙是第一个关于皂甙研究的成份研究，在于西洋参、红参与党参等成份中均有研究索引可证。绞股兰皂甙因其在心脑血管病预防的作用在于保健茶的产品中屡见不鲜。如人参皂苷、绞股蓝皂苷和柴胡皂苷等的生理功能及药用价值等方面已有深入的研究。惟有大豆皂甙国外的研究在食品的应用中比较超前。
大豆皂苷是类固醇或三萜系化合物的低聚配糖体的总称大豆皂苷的一类化合物，是由三萜类同系物与糖形成,国外的许多研究已表明，大豆皂苷主要有五种，分别是大豆皂苷A1、A2和大豆皂苷Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ。已证实其具有降血脂、抗氧化、抑制肿瘤、抗血栓、抗病毒、免疫调节、减肥、调节糖代谢等多种生物活性。大豆皂苷是一种具有广泛应用价值的天然生物活性物质，并且已将其应用于药品、食品、化妆品等。大豆皂苷具有较强的生理功能。大豆皂苷具有溶血作用，因此被视为抗营养因子。同时大豆皂苷具有苦味，这是导致大豆制品具有苦涩味的主要原因。所以在加工大豆制品时，人们总是寻求一些方法将其除去。但近几年来，越来越多的研究表明大豆皂苷还具有较多有益的生理功能。①降低血中胆固醇和甘油三酯含量: Kitagawa等发大豆皂苷可抑制血清中脂类的氧化，抑制过化脂质的生成，并降低血中胆固醇和甘油三酯的含量。②抗氧化、抗自由基、降低过氧化脂质含量:Ohminami等已证实大豆皂苷具有抗脂质氧化和降低过氧化脂质含量的作用，且抑制过氧化脂质对肝细胞的损伤。LPO是自由基的代谢产物，大豆皂苷可降低老龄大鼠LPO在肝脏及血浆中的含量，并可防护四氯化碳对肝脏的损伤作用。这些都证明大豆皂苷有淬灭自由基的作用，从而促进DNA损伤的修复。③抑制肿瘤细胞生长: 郁利平发现大豆皂苷对S180细胞和YAC-1细胞的DNA合成有明显抑制作用，并且对K562细胞和YAC-1细胞亦有明显的细胞毒作用。国外也有学者报道大豆皂苷的抑瘤作用，认为大豆皂苷的抑癌机制可能为：直接的细胞毒作用、免疫调节作用、胆汁酸结合作用和促使致癌物引起的细胞扩增转为正常。④抑制血小板凝聚: Kubo以Wistar大鼠为对象进行研究发现，大豆皂苷可抑制血小板和血纤维蛋白原的减少，可抑制内毒素引起的纤维蛋白的聚集，也可抑制凝血酶引起的血栓纤维蛋白形成，表明大豆皂苷具有抗血栓作用。⑤抗病毒: 大豆皂苷的抗病毒作用是最近几年来关于大豆皂苷研究的一个新领域。Nakajima报道大豆皂苷对人类艾滋病(AIDS)病毒的感染和细胞生物学活性都具有一定的抑制作用，并且认为大豆皂苷无论对AIDS的治疗还是预防都是非常有用的。国内学者的研究表明大豆皂苷对单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型(HSV-Ⅰ)，柯萨奇B3 (CoxB3 )病毒的复制有明显的抑制作用，同时大豆皂苷还表现出对病毒感染细胞具有很强的保护作用。⑥免疫调节作用: 大豆皂苷的抑瘤机制之一可能与其免疫调节作用有关。
此外还有大豆皂苷防止动脉粥样硬化，抗石棉尘毒性等的报道。大豆皂苷对治疗肥胖也有一定疗效。因此我们可以看出大豆皂苷能有效的维护好生理机能,使我们拥有一个健康的身体!
大豆皂甙的功效
降血脂： 大豆皂甙能降低人体中血清脂质（总胆固醇 甘油三脂 游离脂肪酸）水平。
预防血栓：大豆皂甙I II均可激活血纤维蛋白溶媒系统，增加纤维蛋白原降解产物，强烈得抑制血小板得聚集。
抑制肿瘤：大豆皂甙能通过自身调节增加SOD的含量，降低LOP（过氧化脂质），清除自由基，减少自由基得损害作用。
防治糖尿病：大豆皂甙能调节糖代谢，通过降低血糖 血小板得凝聚率，提高胰岛素得水平，延缓或阻止糖尿病及并发症得产生。
减肥：在肠道中与胆固醇反应可生成不容物质，以防止胆固醇的吸收。
保护肝脏：大豆皂甙可以抑制体内得脂质过氧化物得生成，直接抑制脂质过氧化物破坏肝细胞，对脂质过氧化物引起得肝损伤有很好得保护作用。
总皂苷就是皂苷的总和 。这里为什么要提到总皂甙这个概念呢？
因为康生丹颗粒科学检测中总皂甙含量每袋为约100克/10克/袋，而大豆皂甙鉴定含量也为接近100毫克/10克/袋。以上说明康生丹颗粒中大豆皂甙的含量是很高的。而普通食品种子的大豆皂甙含量约为0·1～0·5%；那么，康生丹颗粒所含有的大豆皂甙在100克以上食品的含量。普通食品煮孰过程中蛋白凝固析出、微量元素与维生素破坏，而大豆皂甙几乎是零析出。康生丹颗粒特殊提取，所以含量高。大豆皂苷的抗病毒作用是最近几年来关于大豆皂苷研究的一个新领域。Nakajima报道大豆皂苷对人类艾滋病(AIDS)病毒的感染和细胞生物学活性都具有一定的抑制作用，并且认为大豆皂苷无论对AIDS的治疗还是预防都是非常有用的。国内学者的研究表明大豆皂苷对单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型(HSV-Ⅰ)，柯萨奇B3 (CoxB3 )病毒的复制有明显的抑制作用，同时大豆皂苷还表现出对病毒感染细胞具有很强的保护作用。以上药理作用也就充分得到体现，也将在未来使用中得到很好的作用。
大豆皂甙大豆皂甙( soyasaponins) 是从豆科植物大豆等植物中提取出来的一种生物活性物质。它属三萜类齐墩果酸型皂甙, 是由一列物质组成的一类混合物。国内外的研究已经证明, 大豆皂甙具有抗脂质氧化、抗自由基、增强免疫调节、抗肿瘤和抗病毒等多种生理功能。目前, 已经在食品、药品、化妆品上有了初步的应用。
1大豆皂甙的成分、含量及性质
1. 1大豆皂甙成分及结构
皂甙是由皂甙元( sapogenins) 和糖、糖醛酸或其他有机酸组成。皂甙结构复杂, 极性大, 存在同一植物中的皂甙大多结构接近。组成皂甙的糖常见的有葡萄糖、半乳糖、鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖及其他戊糖类。根据其化学结构可分为三萜皂甙和甾体皂甙两大类。三萜又可分为四环三萜和五环三萜, 而以五环三萜为常见。甾体皂甙的皂甙元是由27个碳原子组成, 其基本骨架称为螺旋甾烷( sp irastane ) 及其异构体异螺旋甾烷( isosp irostane) , 在植物中发现的甾体皂甙元有近百种。皂甙元与不同的糖结合及其结合部位的不同构成了多种皂甙。
日本的Kitagawa等和Kudou等分别详细地研究了大豆中的皂甙类物质, 并对分离到的大豆皂甙进行命名。Kitagawa等确认大豆中存在以大豆皂甙原B ( soyasapogenol B ) 为配基的大豆皂甙Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ型5种, 以及以大豆皂甙原A为配基的大豆皂甙A1、A2、A3、A4、A5以及A6等6种。如果操作条件温和, 还可分离到C-22末端糖链全乙酰化的A系列大豆皂甙,Kudou等把此类成分命名为Aa-Ah。在发现DDMP大豆皂甙之前, 以大豆皂原B为配基的B系列大豆皂甙分别命名为Ba、Bb、Bb’、Bc以及Bc’, 而以大豆皂原E为配基的E系列命为Bd和Be。
1. 2大豆种子中皂甙分布
影响大豆中皂甙含量的因素主要有环境、遗传等。日本的Shiraiwa比较了日本、加拿大、美国以及中国大豆, 发现中国大豆中的皂甙含量最高(约0. 3%)。之后, Tsukamoto等研究了不同品种大豆的胚轴中皂甙的含量, 指出遗传因素对A系列大豆皂甙含量的影响要大于环境因素。同时分析了大豆种子中A系列皂甙含量, 指出大豆皂甙Aa型约占A系列总含量的为16. 6% ,而大豆皂甙Ab型约为76. 1%。根据食品加工的质量要求, 大豆中的A系列大豆皂甙含量越少越好, 因为此类大豆皂甙是造成大豆不良风味(DMF, drymouthfeel) 的主要物质[ 12 ] , 据日本文献报道, 通过遗传育种可选育出不含A系列大豆皂甙的大豆品种。总之, A系列大豆皂甙主要分布于大豆种子的胚轴中, 其组成及其含量会随品种以及环境而异。
Shimoyomada研究指出, 大豆皂甙在大豆中的分布主要集中于胚轴, 是子叶中皂甙含量的8～15倍。Shiraiwa等对数百个大豆品种的分析表明, 大豆胚轴中皂甙含量为0. 62% ～6. 12% , 均远远高于子叶中的皂甙含量, 而大豆种皮中几乎不含皂甙成分。Tanlyama等对来自美国、中国和日本北海道等18个大豆品种的分析结果指出, 在大豆胚轴中, A 组皂甙含量只有0.07% ～ 0. 09% , B 组皂甙含量为0. 14% ～0. 18%。大豆中皂甙的含量并不是稳定不变的,在大豆种子萌发及发育过程中, 其皂甙含量和皂甙成分也发生变化。大豆开花后, 胚轴中皂甙含量增加较快, 达到最高值后, 在开花50d左右其含量又随种子的发育呈降低趋势, 至种子成熟时其含量保持稳定。子叶中皂甙含量虽比胚轴中低得多, 但其变化趋势与胚轴中相似。子叶中含大豆皂甙Ⅱ, 而胚轴中没有此组分。
1. 3大豆皂甙性质
大豆皂甙具有皂甙类的一般性质。纯的大豆皂甙是一种白色粉末, 具有苦而辛辣味, 其粉末对人体各部位的粘膜均有刺激性。大豆皂甙可溶于水, 易溶于热水、含水稀醇、热甲醇和热乙醇中, 难溶于乙醚、苯等极性小的有机溶剂, 其在含水醇和戊醇中溶解度较好。大豆皂甙熔点很高, 常在融熔前就分解, 因此无明显熔点。大豆皂甙属于酸性皂甙, 其水溶液加入硫酸铵、醋酸
铅或其他中性盐类即生成沉淀。利用这一性质可以进行大豆皂甙的提取和分离。
2大豆皂甙主要功效和机理
大豆皂甙是具有重要研究价值和广泛应用价值的皂甙之一。20世纪70年代对于大豆皂甙的研究, 主要局限于对抗营养因子及不良风味因子的研究, 主张在大豆的加工过程中将其去除。进入20世纪80年代以来, 许多学者发现大豆皂甙具有降低胆固醇、抗血栓等功效。20世纪90年代中期对于大豆皂甙的各种组分、化学结构, 特别是DDMP结合皂甙的发现使得大豆皂甙的研究取得了较大的进展。近年来, 国内外的大量研究结果显示, 大豆皂甙的毒副作用很小。这既为传统豆类食品提供了安全可靠的佐证, 也为大豆皂甙的广泛应用提供了安全保障。大豆皂甙的生物学、生理学和药学的活性试验证明, 大豆皂甙对人体无毒害作用, 而且还有多种有益的生理功效。
2. 1抗脂质氧化, 降低过氧化脂质的生成
2. 2抗氧化、抗自由基的作用
2. 3抗血栓的作用
2. 4增强免疫调节功能
2. 5抗肿瘤的作用
2. 6抗病毒的作用
3大豆皂甙分析检测方法
3. 1光谱法
光谱法是利用已知浓度物质在特定波长处吸光度值绘制出标准曲线以测定其物质浓度的方法。光谱法主要分为紫外分光光度法和可见光分光光度法。
3. 2色谱法
色谱法是较常用于大豆皂甙分析检测的方法之一。该方法在天然产物分离分析中仍具有无可替代位置。
4大豆皂甙开发利用与前景
4. 1在食品上的应用
大豆皂甙具有发泡性和乳化性, 可在食品中作为添加剂。日本学者在此领域研究的较为深入,开发研制了含大豆皂甙的保健食品、减肥食品及皂甙汁、皂甙饮料等。
4. 2在药品上的应用
大豆皂甙的多种生理功能如降血脂、抗氧化、抗动脉粥样硬化、免疫调节等决定了它在药物方面应用的广泛前景。国外报道大豆皂甙有可能被开发为治疗心血管疾病的药物, 通过降低血浆中胆固醇含量 , 抑制血栓形成, 从而降低心血管疾病的发生。同时, 根据大豆皂甙可降低血中胆固醇和甘油三脂的特性, 国外有学者将其用于减肥药品的研制, 并取得一定的成果。
4. 3在化妆品上的应用
大豆皂甙在化妆品中的应用, 在国外早有报道, 日本学者已经研究出含有大豆皂甙的化妆品, 并申请了专利。其实用效果已经得到了证实。大豆皂甙可阻止由脂质过氧化引起的皮肤疾病, 减少皮肤病的发生。大豆皂甙具有发泡性和乳化性, 也可在医药及某些化妆品中广泛用作添加剂。
大豆成份与人体需要的量
表1－1
项目 大豆成份（％） 体需要量／天人
蛋白质 40 91mg
异黄酮 0.05－0.07 40mg
低聚糖 7－10 10-20g
皂甙 0.08－0.10 30-50mg
膳食纤维 20 25-35mg
各种维生素 4-4.5 149.4mg
微量元素 1.5－3 350mg
磷脂 18－20 400mg
大豆油 0.1－0.2
核酸
大豆中各种维生素的含量
表1－2
名称 含量 mg/g
胡萝卜素 0.2-2.4
硫胺素 11.0-17.5
（维生素B1） 2.3
核黄素（维生素B2） 2.0-25.9
烟酸 12
泛酸 6.4
维B6 0.6
生物素 2.3
叶酸 1.9-2.6
肌醇 3.4
胆碱 0.2
维C
我们知道维持人的生命需要的成分是碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质、维生素、矿物元素及水等一些生理活性物质，从表一、表二可以看出，人体需要的必需有效物质，大豆中全部含有。因为大豆熟食制品使大豆皂甙破坏到几乎为零;加之其皮肤刺激性、咽喉刺激性与低含量.所以,研制康生丹颗粒是应时代的要求,并在营养、食疗、药食同疗等方面科学产品.人们为了长寿，绞尽脑汁去寻求其他昂贵的保健品;价格低廉的、资源丰富的康生丹颗粒，从婴儿到老年一生都可服用;定期服用大豆异黄酮、大豆皂甙、大豆低聚糖等活性物质产品，增强、提高人体的代谢能力，完全可以使人们快乐地度过自己的一生，达到健康长寿之目的。
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1.皂甙_百度百科
2.《大豆食品工艺学》
3.康生丹颗粒质量标准与制备生产工艺
4.艾滋病中医论治探析，中国性病艾滋病，2003年第8期增刊 P114，刘君
5.《中华本草》
6.《中药大辞典》
7.医药百科全书
8.功能食品生理特性与检测技术,化学出版社,毛跟年、许牡丹主编.
9.《中药学》山东科学技术出版社
10.蒋慕东,王思明; 二十世纪中国大豆生产及其发展动因分析 [J];中国农史; 2006年03期
11.蒋慕东; 二十世纪中国大豆改良、生产与利用研究 [D];南京农业大学; 2006年
12.王金陵; 中美大豆学术讨论会概况 [J];大豆科学; 1982年02期
13.吴和礼; 赴美考察简讯 [J];大豆科学; 1982年02期
14.张荣贵; 简介美国“2002”大豆发展计划 [J];大豆科学; 1986年03期
15.洪亮; 美国大豆科研情况简介 [J];大豆科学; 1983年02期
16.杜刚强,王千里; 大豆与人类的关系 [J];中国农村小康科技; 1999年03期; 22-23
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variety on composition. Journal Agricultural Food Chemistry, 31:394-396.
20. Ford, D. E., Gutay, P. A., Ladin, B., Beachy, R. N., and Larkins, B. A. (1982). In vitro
synthesis of the Bowman-Birk and related soybean proteinase inhibitor. Plant
Molecular Biology, 1:227-243.
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Alternative Medicine Review, 3: 433-450.
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of the Soybean Varieties Released in Taiwan, p.73. MS Thesis, National Chiayi
University, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC.
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communication about food biotechnology. AgBioForum, 6:185-190.
24. Laemmli, U. (1970). Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of
bacteriophage T4. Nature, 227:680-685.
25. Lajolo, F. M., and Genovese, M. I. (2002). Nutritional significance of lectins and
enzyme inhibitors from legumes. Journal Agricultural Food Chemistry, 50:
6592-6598.
26. Lee, S.J., K.A. Joung, H.K. Seung, T.K. Jung, J.H. Sang, Y.J. Mun and M.C. Ill. 2003.
Variation in isoflavone of soybean cultivars with location and storage duration.
Journal Agricultural Food Chemistry, 51:3382-3389.
6
27. Millar, D. B. S., Willick, G. E., Steiner, R. F., and Frattali, V. (1969). Soybean inhibitors.
IV. The reversible self-association of a soybean proteinase inhibitor. Journal
Biological Chemistry, 244:281-284.
28. Nakamura Y, A Kaihara, K Yoshii, Y Tsumura, S Ishimitsu, Y Tonogai (2001) Content
and composition of isoflavonoids in mature or immature beans and bean sprouts
consumed in Japan. Journal of Health Science, 47: 394-406.
29. Sessa, D. J. and Wolf, W. J. (2001). Bowman-Birk inhibitors in soybean seed coats.
Industrial Crops and Products, 14:77-83.
30. Towbin, H., Staehelin, T., and Gordon, J. (1979). Electrophoretic transfer of proteins
from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications.
Proceedings National Acadamic Science USA, 79:4350-4354.
31. Towbin, H., and Gordon, J. (1984). Immunoblotting and dot immunoblotting: current
status and outlook. Journal of Immunology Methods, 72:313-340.
32. Wan, X.S. T.C. Hamilton, J.H. Ware, J.J. Donahue, A.R. Kennedy. 1998. Growth
inhibition and cytotoxicity induced by Bowman-Birk inhibitor concentration in
cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cells. Nutrition and Cancer, 31:8-17.
33. Wang, H. and P.A. Murphy. 1994a. Isoflavone content in commercial soybean foods.
Journal Agricultural Food Chemistry, 42:1666-1673.
34. Wang, H. and P.A. Murphy. 1994b. Isoflavone composition of American and Japanese
soybeans in Iowa: effect of variety, crop year, and location. Journal Agricultural
Food Chemistry, 42:1674-1677.
35.Qualitative and quantitative detections of transgenic component in genetically
modified soybean using real-time PCR 食品中转基因大豆成分的定性和定量检测 赵卫东 郑文杰 刘烜
贺艳 ZHAO Wei-dong ZHENG Wen-jie LIU Xuan HE Yan 中国食品卫生杂志 CHINESE JOURNAL OF FOOD
HYGIENE 2005年 17卷 2期
康生丹颗粒
【产品名称】∶康生丹颗粒
【汉语拼音】∶kangshengdan keli
【英文名称】∶healthy particles
【规 格】∶10克/袋，20袋/盒，100盒/箱。
【主要成分】∶黄豆 桂皮 砂仁 山楂 甘草 阿胶 蜂胶
【适用人群】∶一般人群均可食用.
1.更年期妇女、糖尿病和心血管病患者的理想食品;
2.脑力工作者和减肥的朋友也很适合.
3.免疫低下、免疫缺陷人群适合药食同疗或配合药疗。
4.孕妇及哺乳期妇女禁用,血小板值低下者慎用.
【用法用量】∶开水冲服。1～2袋/次，3～4次/日。
【贮 藏】∶密封。
【有 效 期】∶24个月。
【执行标准】∶Q/HKY001-2008
【批准文号】∶陕卫食准字2008-001号
【生产企业】∶陕西汇康生物医药科技有限公司
【地 址】∶西安市雁塔中路205号医学院内
【电话号码】∶029-88913029.
【生产日期】∶见包装。
【有效期至】∶
【网 址】∶http∶//www.zyynb.com
【邮 箱】∶[email protected]
【说 明】∶每袋约含有大豆皂甙100毫克,相当于100～150克食品中的含量
AIDS drugs and treatment of food - Kang Sheng Dan particles 〔b〕
Saponins and soyasaponin research
Kang Sheng Dan particles as a natural food, diet food and medicine homology was born at home and abroad than the first confirmed immune role, and by the Shaanxi Provincial Drug Identification component soyasaponin bag containing 100 milligrams, equivalent to 100 grams more than the original ingredient content of foods. In order to clear more in-depth study of its mechanism, we do the following search Research to that of my colleagues are the same with us and questioned.
Saponins (saponins) that exist in the vegetable kingdom of a class of more complex glycosides, has a special physiological activity. Such as ginsenosides, and gypenosides saikosaponin such physiological function and medicinal value has been studied.
Saponins (saponin)
Another name: alkali soap body; saponin; saponins; saponins; soap grass glycosides; saponins
Nature: also known as alkali body soap, saponin, saponins, saponins glycosides grass or soap. A Glycosides. Can form in aqueous solution or colloidal solution and the formation of soap bubble-shaped plant glycosides collectively. By sapogenin and sugar, sugar, acid or other organic acids composed. Sapogenin the basis of known molecular structure can be divided into two categories saponins, a class for the steroidal saponins, and the other for triterpenoid saponins. Saponins mostly white or milky white amorphous powder, a small number for the crystal, bitter and spicy, there is irritation of the mucous membrane. Saponins generally insoluble in water, methanol and dilute ethanol, soluble in hot water, hot methanol and hot ethanol, insoluble in ether, chloroform and benzene. Saponin is a strong surfactant, even if highly diluted liquid soap can be formed. Saponins stimulus to the heart; it is a strong hemolytic agent.
A class of more complex glycosides,振摇when mixed with water can generate lasting soap bubble may flakes. A very wide distribution in plants, many Chinese medicines such as ginseng, Panax, Anemarrhena, Polygala, Licorice, Campanulaceae, Chaihu have to contain saponins; China used to use Gleditsia laundry is due to compounds containing saponins. Saponins from saponins ligands with the sugar, uronic acid or other organic acids composition. Saponin composition of common sugar D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-galactose, L-arabinose, L-xylose. Common uronic acid are glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, the sugar or uronic acid is often the first into oligosaccharide sugar chain, and then with saponins ligand molecules C3 ─ OH-phase condensation, or by the two sugar Saponins chain with ligand molecules in two different locations on the OH-phase condensation, saponins ligand molecules ─ COOH and sugar may also be connected to the formation of ester glucoside bond.
Saponins by saponins ligand structure divided into two categories: ① steroid saponins. Its saponins ligand is Lo steranes of derivatives, and more from 27 carbon atoms formed (such as diosgenin). This kind exist in more than saponins and diosgenin Liliaceae plants. ② Triterpenoid. Its saponins ligand is triterpenoid (see terpenoid) derivatives, most of them from 30 carbon atoms. Triterpenoid into tetracyclic and pentacyclic triterpenoid triterpenoid. Such multi-saponins exist in Araliaceae and Umbelliferae, such as plants.
Most saponins can reduce the liquid (water) surface tension, with a starting role in the bubble nature and emulsifier, can be used as a cleaning agent
There hemolysin and the role of the fish. There are many Saponins containing Chinese medicine, such as Polygala, Campanulaceae, such as the effectiveness of cough expectorants; Some saponins also has antibacterial activity or antipyretic, sedative, anti-cancer and other valuable biological activity. Individual saponins have special physiological activity, such as ginsenosides can enhance DNA and protein biosynthesis, improve the immune capacity. Glycyrrhizinate with the promotion of the role of adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cough and treatment efficacy of gastric ulcer disease.
Pharmacological effects of saponin 1. Bi-directional regulation of immune function; 2. Anti-hypoxia and anti-fatigue effect; 3. Anti-low-temperature stress; 4. Anti-lipid peroxidation; 5. The role of the central nervous system; 6. Anti-induced mutation; 7. to have a moderating role in kidney, kidney.
Saponin the current classification and major research varieties details:
Ginsenosides, soyasaponin, notoginsenoside sodium, Tribulus terrestris saponins, saikosaponin, aescin, strangulation shares Lan saponin, saponins, etc. paeony saponins; which ginsenoside, strangulation shares with Portland saponins Soyasaponins Study leader. Ginsenoside is the first study on the composition of saponins research, is American ginseng, red, such as participation in Changium index components in both studies can be certified. Lan twisted shares because of their saponin in mind the role of cerebrovascular disease prevention is health tea products uncommon. Such as ginsenosides, and gypenosides saikosaponin such physiological function and medicinal value has been studied. Only soyasaponin study abroad applications in the food are more advanced.
Soyasaponins are steroid or triterpenoid compounds of oligomeric glycosides soyasaponins a general term for a class of compounds is similar triterpenoid hydrocarbons and sugar formation, many overseas studies have shown that there are five main soyasaponins, respectively is soyasaponins A1, A2 and soybean saponin Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ. Has confirmed its hypolipidemic, anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, anti-thrombosis, anti-virus, immune modulation, weight reduction, regulating glucose metabolism, such as a wide range of biological activity. Soyasaponins is a widely used value of the natural bio-active substances, and has been applied to medicine, food and cosmetics. Soyasaponins has strong physiological function. Soyasaponins with hemolysis, is seen as anti-nutritional factor. At the same time with the bitter taste of soybean saponin, which is soybean products has led to bitter taste of the main reasons. Therefore, in processing soybean products, people are always seeking ways to be removed. But in recent years, more and more studies have shown that soyasaponins also has more useful physiological function. ① reduce blood cholesterol and triglyceride content: Kitagawa, such as fat soybean saponins inhibit the oxidation of serum lipids, inhibition of lipid-off generation, and reduce blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels. ② antioxidant, anti-free radicals, reduce lipid peroxide content: Ohminami soyasaponins have confirmed with the anti-lipid oxidation and reduce lipid peroxide content in the role of, and inhibit lipid peroxidation of liver cell damage. LPO is a free radical metabolites, soybean saponins can reduce the aging rats LPO in liver and plasma levels, and protection of carbon tetrachloride on the liver injury. All of these have proved there soyasaponins quenching the role of free radicals, thereby promoting DNA damage repair. ③ inhibit tumor cell growth:郁利Ping soyasaponins found on the S180 cells and YAC-1 cells inhibit DNA synthesis, and K562 cells and YAC-1 cells also have distinct cytotoxicity. Some academics have also reported that foreign soyasaponins anti-tumor effect, that the mechanism of tumor suppressor soyasaponins likely to be: direct cytotoxicity, immune regulation, bile acid binding role and promote carcinogen-induced cell proliferation to normal. ④ inhibit platelet aggregation: Kubo to Wistar rats targeted research found that soy saponins inhibit blood platelet and fibrinogen reduction, inhibited endotoxin-induced accumulation of fibrin, but also can inhibit thrombin-induced thrombosis fibrin formation, indicating that soyasaponins role with anti-thrombosis. ⑤ anti-virus: soyasaponins antiviral activity is the most recent research on soyasaponins a new field. Nakajima soyasaponins reported to human AIDS (AIDS) virus infection and cell biological activity has a certain extent, and that both of soyasaponins treatment or prevention of AIDS are very useful. Studies have shown that domestic scholars soyasaponins of herpes simplex virus type Ⅰ (HSV-Ⅰ), Coxsackie B3 (CoxB3) viral replication inhibited, while soybean saponins also showed virus-infected cells has a strong protection role. ⑥ Immunoregulation: soyasaponins Yiliu one of the mechanisms may be related to immune modulation effects.
In addition, soyasaponins prevent atherosclerosis, anti-asbestos dust toxicity reported. Soybean saponins on the treatment of obesity has some effect. Therefore, we can see soyasaponins effectively safeguard physiological function, so we have a healthy body!
Soyasaponin effectiveness
Hypolipidemic: soyasaponin body can reduce serum lipids (total cholesterol, free fatty acid triglycerides) levels.
The prevention of thrombosis: soyasaponin I II can be activated fibrin solvent system, increased fibrinogen degradation products, a strong inhibition of platelet aggregation was.
Inhibit tumor: soyasaponin through self-regulation to increase the content of SOD, lower LOP (LPO), scavenging free radicals and reduce the role of free radicals may damage.
Prevention and treatment of diabetes: soyasaponin can regulate glucose metabolism, blood sugar by reducing the rate of platelet a rally to raise the level of insulin may delay or prevent diabetes and complications may arise.
Weight loss: cholesterol in the intestine and can not be material response can be generated in order to prevent the absorption of cholesterol.
The protection of the liver: soyasaponin can inhibit lipid peroxidation in vivo may have generated, direct inhibition of lipid peroxide damage to liver cells, and lipid peroxides may cause liver damage may have a very good protection.
Total saponins is the sum of saponins. Why would like to mention here saponins this concept?
Kang Sheng Dan particles because scientific testing saponins content of about 100 grams per bag / 10 g / bag, and the identification of soybean saponin content as well as close to 100 mg / 10 g / bag. Kang Sheng Dan above granules soyasaponin content is very high. And ordinary food soyasaponin seed content is about 0.1 ~ 0.5%; Then, Kang Sheng Dan particles contained soyasaponin in more than 100 grams of food content. Which ordinary foods cooked solidification process of protein precipitation, trace elements and vitamin destruction soyasaponin almost zero precipitation. Kang Sheng Dan special extract particles, so high. Soyasaponins antiviral activity is the most recent research on the soyasaponins a new field. Nakajima soyasaponins reported to human AIDS (AIDS) virus infection and cell biological activity has a certain extent, and that both of soyasaponins treatment or prevention of AIDS are very useful. Studies have shown that domestic scholars soyasaponins of herpes simplex virus type Ⅰ (HSV-Ⅰ), Coxsackie B3 (CoxB3) viral replication inhibited, while soybean saponins also showed virus-infected cells has a strong protection role. Pharmacological effects above will be reflected fully, will also be used in the future be a good role.
Soyasaponin soyasaponin (soyasaponins) from soybeans and other legume plants out of a biologically active substances. It is a triterpenoid oleanolic acid-type saponin, is a substance composed of a class of compounds. Study at home and abroad has proven that soyasaponin with anti-lipid oxidation, anti-free radical, and enhance immune regulation, anti-tumor and anti-virus and many other physiological functions. At present, already in the food, medicine, cosmetics of the initial applications.
1 soyasaponin composition, content and nature of
1.1 soyasaponin composition and structure
Saponins by sapogenin (sapogenins) and sugar, sugar, acid or other organic acids composition. Saponin complex structure, polarity, and the existence of the same plants in the structure of saponin mostly close. Saponin composition of common sugar glucose, galactose, rhamnose, arabinose, xylose and other e sugars. Based on their chemical structure can be divided into triterpenoid saponins and steroidal saponins two broad categories. Triterpenoid can be divided into tetracyclic and pentacyclic triterpenoid triterpenoid, with pentacyclic triterpenoid common. Steroidal saponins of sapogenin is composed of 27 carbon atoms, and its basic skeleton known as the spiral steranes (sp irastane) and its isomer different spiral steranes (isosp irostane), found in plants steroidal sapogenin There are nearly a hundred species. Sapogenins glycoconjugates with different binding sites and a variety of different components saponins.
Kitagawa, such as Japan and Kudou such a detailed study of soybean saponins in the material, and isolated soyasaponin named. Kitagawa, etc. in order to confirm the existence of soybean soyasaponin original B (soyasapogenol B) for the Ligands soyasaponin Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ type 5 kinds, as well as the original A soyasaponin for Ligands soyasaponin A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 and A6, such as six kinds. If operating conditions are mild, but also isolated from C-22 end of sugar chain-wide acetylation of A Series soyasaponin, Kudou, such as the naming of such components as Aa-Ah. The discovery of DDMP soyasaponin before Soyasaponin for the original B Series B Ligands soyasaponin named Ba, Bb, Bb ', Bc, and Bc', while the original Soyasaponin Ligands E for E Series life for Bd and Be.
1.2 saponins of soybean seed distribution
The impact of soybean saponin content of main factors environment, heredity. Shiraiwa compared to Japan Japan, Canada, the United States as well as China's soybean and found that Chinese soybean saponin content in the highest (about 0.3%). After, Tsukamoto, etc. of different varieties of soybean hypocotyl saponins content, pointing out that genetic factors on the A series soyasaponin content is greater than the impact of environmental factors. At the same time, an analysis of soybean seed in the A series of saponin content, pointing out that type Aa Soyasaponin A series about the total amount for 16.6%, while type Ab soyasaponin about 76.1 percent. According to the quality of food processing requirements, the A series of soybean soyasaponin content the better, because such soyasaponin is undesirable flavor of soybean (DMF, drymouthfeel) main material [12], it has been reported in the literature of Japan, through genetics and breeding can be selected non-A Series soyasaponin soybean varieties. In short, A Series soyasaponin soybean seed is mainly distributed in the hypocotyl, its composition and content with the species and the environment to another.
Shimoyomada studies have indicated that soyasaponin distribution in soybean focused on hypocotyl is cotyledon saponin content in 8 ~ 15 times. Shiraiwa on hundreds of soybean varieties analysis showed that in soybean hypocotyl saponins content of 0.62% ~ 6.12%, are far higher than the cotyledon of saponin content, while the soybean seed coat almost non-saponin components . Tanlyama and so on, from the United States, China and Japan, Hokkaido, 18 soybean varieties, such as the results of the analysis pointed out that in the soybean hypocotyl, A saponins content of only 0.07% ~ 0. 09%, B saponins content of 0.14% ~ 0.18%. Soybean saponin content is not stable, and in soybean seed germination and the development process, its saponin content and saponin components change. Soybean after flowering, hypocotyl in saponin content increased rapidly, reaching the highest value, in the flowering 50D about its content with the seeds of further development is decreasing, to the seeds are ripe and their contents remain stable. Saponin content in cotyledons, although in much lower than the hypocotyl, but the changes in trends and similar hypocotyl. Cotyledon containing soyasaponin Ⅱ, but not this component hypocotyl.
1.3 soyasaponin nature
Soyasaponin with saponins of general nature. Soyasaponin pure is a white powder with a bitter and spicy taste, the powder on the human body in different parts of the mucous membranes are irritating. Soyasaponin can dissolve in water, soluble in hot water, aquifer diluted ethanol, hot methanol and hot ethanol, insoluble in ether, benzene and other small polar organic solvents, alcohols and in the aquifer pentanol better solubility. Soyasaponin high melting point, often melting before decomposition, so no obvious melting point. Soyasaponin saponins are acidic, and its aqueous solution by adding ammonium sulfate, acetic acid
Neutral salts of lead or other precipitation that is generated. Take advantage of this nature can soyasaponin extraction and separation.
2 soyasaponin main efficacy and mechanism
Soyasaponin is an important research value and extensive application of the value of one of saponin. 70s for the 20th century soyasaponin research, mainly confined to confrontation nutritional factors and adverse flavor factor research, advocates in the processing of soybean will be removed. 20th century since the 80's, and many scholars have found soyasaponin lower cholesterol, such as the effectiveness of anti-thrombosis. 90 In the mid-20th century for a variety of soyasaponin composition, chemical structure, especially in light of DDMP saponins discovery makes soyasaponin research has made great progress. In recent years, a large number of domestic and foreign research results showed that soyasaponin little toxicity. This traditional food legumes provide safe and reliable evidence, but also a wide range of soyasaponin application security. Soyasaponin biology, physiology and pharmacology activity tests have proved that soyasaponin no poisoning effect on the human body, but also a wide range of beneficial physiological effects.
2.1 anti-lipid oxidation, reducing the generation of lipid peroxidation
2.2 anti-oxidation, anti-free radical role
2.3 The role of antithrombotic
2.4 to enhance the immune regulatory function
2.5 The role of anti-tumor
2.6 The role of anti-virus
3 soyasaponin analysis detection methods
3.1 Spectroscopy
Spectroscopy is the use of known concentrations of substances in a specific wavelength absorbance value drawn standard curve to determine the concentration of the material approach. Spectrometry is mainly divided into UV and visible light spectrophotometry.
3.2 Chromatography
Chromatography is a more commonly used in the analysis soyasaponin detection methods. The method in the analysis of natural product separation still has an irreplaceable location.
4 soyasaponin development and utilization of and prospects
4.1 Application in Food
Soyasaponin with foam and emulsion, and can be used as additives in food. Japanese scholars in this area more in depth research, developed containing soyasaponin health food, diet food and saponins juice, soft drinks, such as saponins.
4.2 in the drug application
Soyasaponin a variety of physiological functions, such as reducing blood fat, anti-oxidation, anti-atherosclerosis, immune regulation, such as its decision in the drug broad prospects for application. Soyasaponin foreign reports are likely to be developed for the treatment of cardiovascular disease by lowering plasma cholesterol, inhibit thrombosis, thereby reducing the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. At the same time, according to soyasaponin can reduce blood cholesterol and triglycerides in the characteristics of foreign scholars to the development of drugs for weight loss and achieved certain results.
4.3 application in cosmetics
Soyasaponin application in cosmetics, in foreign countries has long been reported that Japanese scholars have already developed soyasaponin containing cosmetics, and applied for a patent. In fact, the effect has been confirmed. Soyasaponin prevent lipid peroxidation caused by skin disease, to reduce the incidence of skin diseases. Soyasaponin with foaming and emulsifying capacity, but also in medicine and certain widely used as additives in cosmetics.
Soy ingredients and human capacity needed
Table 1-1
Projects soybean ingredients (%) body requirements / Heaven
Protein 40 91mg
0.05-0.07 40mg isoflavones
Oligosaccharides 7-10 10-20g
Saponins 0.08-0.10 30-50mg
Dietary fiber 20 25-35mg
Various vitamin 4-4.5 149.4mg
Microelement 1.5-3 350mg
Phospholipid 18-20 400mg
Soya bean oil 0.1-0.2
Nucleic acid
Soybean various vitamin content
Table 1-2
Name content mg / g
Carotene 0.2-2.4
Thiamine 11.0-17.5
(Vitamin B1) 2.3
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) 2.0-25.9
Niacin 12
Pantothenic acid 6.4
Victoria B6 0.6
Biotin 2.3
Folic acid 1.9-2.6
Inositol 3.4
Choline 0.2
Victoria C
We know that the maintenance of human life is the need for the composition of carbohydrates, fats, protein, vitamins, minerals, water and other elements and a number of physiologically active substances, from Table I, II can be seen that the human body needs effectively the material necessary, soybeans contain all . Because soybean food products so that soyasaponin damage to almost zero; coupled with its skin irritation, throat irritation and low content. Therefore, the development of Kang Sheng Dan particles is the requirement of the times, and in nutrition, diet, drug therapy, such as food with aspects of science products. people to live longer, brains to seek other expensive health care products; inexpensive, resource-rich Kang Sheng Dan particles, from infancy to old age can take a lifetime; regular use of soy isoflavones, soybean saponin, soybeans lower Glucomannan active substances such as products, to enhance and improve the body's metabolism, can make people happy to spend his whole life to achieve the purposes of health and longevity.
个人简介
刘君
World AIDS drug patent Kang Sheng Dan particles inventor协和专家门诊部艾滋病防治研究中心主任、专家,中医药疑难病专治网站长以及社会重要兼职,是中国唯一发明艾滋病新药康生丹的主要发明人!咨询15809294481
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HYGIENE 2005 17 Volume 2
Kang Sheng Dan particles
Product Name: Kang Sheng Dan particles
Pinyin: kangshengdan keli
English name: healthy particles
Specification: 10 grams / bag, 20 bags / box, 100 boxes / case.
Main ingredients: soy cinnamon licorice viennensis villosum Ejiao Propolis
Applicable to the crowd: the general population can be consumed.
1. Menopausal women, diabetes and cardiovascular disease ideal for food;
2.脑力工作者and weight loss is also very suitable for a friend.
3. Immunocompromised, immunodeficiency crowd food for medicine or to be in line with the treatment medication.
4. Pregnant women and lactating women disabled, low platelet values are used with caution.
Usage and dosage:冲服water. 1 ~ 2 bags / time, 3 ~ 4 times / day.
Storage】: sealed.
Validity period: 24 months.
Implementation of standards: Q/HKY001-2008
Approval Number: Shan Wei food quasi-word No. 2008-001
Manufacturing enterprises: Shaanxi Department of Biomedical Science and Technology and Culture Co., Ltd.
Address: Xi'an Yanta Road No. 205 in the Faculty of Medicine
Phone number :086-29-88913029.
Production date: see the packaging.
Valid until:
Website: http://www.zyynb.com
E-mail: [email protected]
Note: The bag containing about 100 mg soyasaponin, which is equivalent to 100 to 150 grams in food content
有人问∶这个产品这么好,为什么不直接服用食品呢?
刘君答∶食用食品也是可以的;但是食用食物所能达到的疗效比康生丹颗粒要差的多,因为一袋康生丹颗粒约含有100--250克食品所含有效成分;其中大豆皂甙的特有提取更是抗HIV食疗的科学依据.食品中种子的大豆皂甙的含量为0.1～0.5%,同时食品煮熟过程大豆皂甙有效破坏,其中含量微乎其微,不足已达到有效的科学治疗所需.康生丹颗粒含有大豆皂甙100毫克/10克/袋,一日三次,每次一袋;这样的食疗就相当于一次服用100～150克食品.一个人不可能一天食用如此之多的食品,就是食用了这么多,也是徒劳无功、无益健康、无益疾病.
有人问∶康生丹颗粒如此高科技的产品,研发过程怎么样,可否讲述?
刘君答∶这个产品历经10多年的科研攻关,多次实验,六年临床,以及国外同行业研究水平的精髓,取食品纳入科学食疗、安全稳定、长期可用等优点;并经历官方实验证实.所以,服用是安全可靠的,疗效是保证的.
陆续将公布官方免疫实验报告全文、成份鉴定报告全文,请朋友们继续关注!
艾滋病药食同疗
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