希望新医改把不良医院唤回人间


希望新医改把不良医院唤回人间

 
 
 
 
 

希望新医改把不良医院唤回人间
2009年04月07日 08:27
来源:大河网
李 晶

大河网讯   《中共中央国务院关于深化医药卫生体制改革的意见》4月6日终于正式发布了。


  对于这个《医改意见》,我是举双手赞成的。这是党中央国务院又一个重大决定,对于广大人民群众特别是低收入阶层包括农村农民是一个福音。同时,对于新医改是否能落到实处,我仍有两点忧虑。

  众所周知,在新中国成立前的一个世纪中,中国饱受帝国主义、封建主义和官僚资本主义蹂躏。中华人民共和国继承的烂摊子经济萧条、社会危机重重、民众中传染病、寄生虫疾病、营养不良等疾病肆虐,平均寿命不到35岁,婴儿死亡率高达千分之二百五十。医疗卫生从业人员总数少的可怜,无力解决当时人民群众大量的健康问题。从事医疗服务的主体是传统中医和草药医生,许多都缺乏必要的培训和锻炼,无法应对和处理流行疾病和疫情。当时,全国性的预防计划和体系是不存在的。

  1949年之后中国人民在健康状况方面的改善在世界范围内有目共睹:很多流行性疾病,如天花、霍乱、性病等得到较彻底的消除,而寄生虫病如血吸虫病和疟疾等得到了大幅度的削减。平均寿命从1949年左右的35岁增加到了80年代早期的70岁。出生婴儿死亡率也从1950年估计的约千分之二百五十减少到1981年的低于千分之五十。1980年,中国的平均寿命高于很多收入水平比中国高的国家。1960到1980年人民平均寿命的增长幅度超过了所有其它国家。

  新中国是少数几个选择异于西方医疗模式的国家之一,它发展了具有重大革新性的公共卫生体系:主要依靠经过很短时间就可培训出来的较低技能医护工作者;发展了劳力密集而不是资本密集的医疗技术;强调预防和初级保健;集中精力实施公共卫生计划,而不是单纯关注个体健康。

  世界银行的一份报告对于中国卫生部分的讨论直接称呼中国的成功为「中国第一次卫生保健革命」。但是,需要注意的是,中国在医疗卫生方面的成功并不是人民健康状况快速改善的唯一原因。教育水平增加,食品供应充足及平均分配,供水和卫生设施的改善都对此作出了贡献。的确,中国在卫生与医疗方面所做的工作只不过是整个中国社会改造的其中一部分—虽然是很重要的部分。

  《医改意见》指出,坚持公共医疗卫生的公益性质,坚持预防为主、以农村为重点、中西医并重的方针,实行政事分开、管办分开、医药分开、营利性和非营利性分开,强化政府责任和投入,完善国民健康政策,健全制度体系,加强监督管理,创新体制机制,鼓励社会参与,建设覆盖城乡居民的基本医疗卫生制度,不断提高全民健康水平,促进社会和谐。

  中共中央国务院十分重视“坚持公共医疗卫生的公益性质,坚持预防为主、以农村为重点、中西医并重的方针”,这说明,新医改对于新中国建立后的前三十年公共医疗卫生工作是持肯定态度的,但是在《医改意见》后面段落中,我没有看到有关“预防为主”的专门论述,是不是“实施方案”中有专门章节,目前还不知道。

  如果没有“预防为主”如何做法的专门论述,没有对“预防为主”各相关事项比如定义、范围、措施等作出专门安排,“坚持公共医疗卫生的公益性质,坚持预防为主、以农村为重点、中西医并重的方针”,就不会得到完全的贯彻,新医改就是有缺失的,不完整的。这是我的第一个忧虑。

  《医改意见》说,医药卫生事业关系亿万人民的健康,关系千家万户的幸福,是重大民生问题。深化医药卫生体制改革,加快医药卫生事业发展,适应人民群众日益增长的医药卫生需求,不断提高人民群众健康素质,是贯彻落实科学发展观、促进经济社会全面协调可持续发展的必然要求,是维护社会公平正义、提高人民生活质量的重要举措,是全面建设小康社会和构建社会主义和谐社会的一项重大任务。

  《医改意见》指出,新中国成立以来,特别是改革开放以来,我国医药卫生事业取得了显著成就,覆盖城乡的医药卫生服务体系基本形成,疾病防治能力不断增强,医疗保障覆盖人口逐步扩大,卫生科技水平迅速提高,人民群众健康水平明显改善,居民主要健康指标处于发展中国家前列。尤其是抗击非典取得重大胜利以来,各级政府投入加大,公共卫生、农村医疗卫生和城市社区卫生发展加快,新型农村合作医疗和城镇居民基本医疗保险取得突破性进展,为深化医药卫生体制改革打下了良好基础。同时,也应该看到,当前我国医药卫生事业发展水平与人民群众健康需求及经济社会协调发展要求不适应的矛盾还比较突出。城乡和区域医疗卫生事业发展不平衡,资源配置不合理,公共卫生和农村、社区医疗卫生工作比较薄弱,医疗保障制度不健全,药品生产流通秩序不规范,医院管理体制和运行机制不完善,政府卫生投入不足,医药费用上涨过快,个人负担过重,对此,人民群众反映强烈。

  短短几句,就算是对近三十年来医药卫生体制改革经验教训的总结吗?对此,我也是持保留的。

  过去一些改革改制后因为人为的各类污染,包括水污染大气污染特别是医疗器械血液污染致病致死的惨痛案例数不胜数,卖血造成的艾滋病村、献血者输血者感染包括艾滋病白血病等各种可怕的疾病,很多医院利用各种花样蒙骗人民群众,在身体检查化验上作假,夸大甚至无中生有,使没病的人变成病人,使人们的小病变大病,这些“病”能包括在“健康需求”里吗?

  我们彻底检查过血库存货血液制品的安全性可靠性吗?真正自愿志愿献血者(非卖血)无辜染病病例的不断增多,使得正常健康的人们害怕献血,“血头”卷土重来,加上不少原来的国家血站早已“改制”成为“采血公司”,为了“经营”又唤回不少带病的被迫或者职业卖血者,使得我们医疗安全形势极其严峻。有些“采血公司”天真的以为“成分采血”、“成分供血”就可以避免感染传染疾病,又放松执行或忽视必要的必须的检查和禁止法规,包括相关器械的使用消毒规定。真正需要输血的人又害怕输进带病血液,包括成分输血。人们看病提心吊胆。献血本来是光荣的事,献血者在“采血公司”眼里只不过是一个“供浆员”,献血法还规定要为“献血者”“保密”,这就更为非法采血大开绿灯,这正常吗?这些情况中央知道吗?这也是为什么我呼吁警惕艾滋村卷土重来的原因。

  《医改意见》中说,国务院深化医药卫生体制改革领导小组负责制定试点原则和政策框架,统筹协调、指导各地试点工作。各省区市制定具体试点方案并组织实施。地方政府要按照本意见和实施方案的要求,因地制宜制定具体实施方案和有效措施,精心组织,有序推进改革进程,确保改革成果惠及全体人民群众。

  历史经验表明,如果不彻底扭转前面说的医疗卫生混乱形势,不对历史上的艾滋病村彻底问责,盲目试点、盲目资源整合重组,不但会让人对医疗卫生事业更加担忧,因为无辜染病得病的人们更不好找医院追溯责任,而且国家的钱实际上也是全国人民的钱很可能会掉进一个无底洞中,造成国家和人民新的巨大损失。这是我的第二个担忧。

  为此,我建议,准备试点改制的医院或机构或公司,应该在改制前在所有媒体上公布名单,包括主要管理和从业人员名单,接受至少三个月的投诉检查,没有污点的才可以改制,有疑义的纠纷的问题的,必须先消除人们的疑虑、解决好纠纷、处理好问题,这个过程也必须公示于众,有必要的话可以搞听证,以绝后患。

  我不希望医院是天堂,不希望大夫是“天使”,当然更不想医院是地狱,不想血站成魔窟。

  新医改是否能落到实处最关键。希望新医改把不良医院唤回人间!

Hope that the new medical hospital to return to the adverse human
At 8:27 on April 7, 2009
Source: Great River
Li Jing

Hearing big river, "the CPC Central Committee and State Council on Deepening the views of the medical and health system reform," April 6 finally released.


For the "views of health reform," my hands are in favor of this. This is the CPC Central Committee and a major decision of the State Council for the broad masses of the people, especially low-income rural farmers, including a Gospel. At the same time, new medical reform can be implemented whether or not, I still have two concerns.

As we all know, at the founding of New China a century ago, the Chinese war of imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism, torn. People's Republic of China inherited the mess of an economic slump, crisis-ridden society, the people in the infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, malnutrition and other diseases, the average life expectancy of less than 35 years old, the infant mortality rate up to 250/1000.少的可怜the total number of medical and health practitioners, the people can not resolve the many health problems. Engaged in medical services is the main doctor of traditional Chinese medicine and herbal medicine, and many lack the necessary training and exercise, can not cope with and deal with epidemic disease and epidemic. At that time, a national prevention plan and the system does not exist.

After 1949, the Chinese people in the improvement of health status in the world for all to see: a lot of epidemic diseases such as smallpox, cholera, sexually transmitted diseases, such as the elimination of a more thorough, and parasitic diseases such as schistosomiasis and malaria has been substantial reduction. The average life expectancy in 1949 from about 35 to 80 of the 70-year-old early. Birth the infant mortality rate estimated in 1950 from about 250/1000 in 1981 reduced to less than 50/1000. In 1980, China's average life expectancy is higher than a lot of high income levels of the country than the Chinese. The People from 1960 to 1980 the growth rate of the average life expectancy of more than all other countries.

New China is one of the few Western medical model is different from that select one of the countries, it developed a significant innovation of the public health system: the major after a very short period of time can depend on trained health care workers with lower skills; development of the labor intensive rather than capital-intensive medical technology; emphasize prevention and primary health care; to concentrate on the implementation of public health plan, rather than individual health concerns.

A World Bank report for the Chinese part of the hygiene direct call to discuss the success of China as "China's first health care revolution." However, the need to note that the Chinese health care at the success of the health status of the people is not the only reason for rapid improvement. Increase the level of education, adequate food supply and the average distribution, water supply and sanitation have made to improve the contribution. Indeed, the Chinese health and medical care at the work done by the whole of China is only part of the transformation of society - although some are very important.

"The views of medical reform," pointed out that upholding the public health of the public good nature, insist prevention to focus on rural areas, both Chinese and Western medicine approach, the implementation of the conduct of public affairs separate, the management do separate, medicine separate, for-profit and non-profit separate and strengthening governmental responsibility and input, and improve national health policies, a sound system, and strengthen supervision and management, innovation and institutional mechanisms to encourage community participation, construction of urban and rural residents covered by basic medical and health system, and continuously improve the level of national health, promote social harmony.

The CPC Central Committee and State Council attached great importance to "uphold the public health of the public good nature, insist prevention to focus on rural areas, both Chinese and Western medicine approach," This shows that the new Chinese medical reform for the new set up the first three decades of public health job are positive, but at "the views of medical reform" after paragraph, I do not see the "prevention first" specialized expositions are not "the implementation of the program" has a special section in the current do not know.

If there is no "prevention" is devoted to how to practice, not of "prevention first" all related matters such as the definition of the scope of measures to make special arrangements, "persist in public health of the public good nature, insist prevention to rural areas emphasis on both Chinese and Western medicine approach ", it would not have been fully implemented, there is a new medical reform is missing, incomplete. This is my first concern.

"The views of medical reform", said the cause of the relationship between the medical and health of hundreds of millions of people's health, the relationship between the well-being of millions of households, people's livelihood are the major problem. Deepening of the medical and health system reform, speed up the development of medicine and public health to meet the people's growing demand for medical and health, and continuously improve the quality of people's health, is to implement the scientific concept of development, and promote comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable economic and social development, an inevitable requirement for maintaining social equity and justice, improve the quality of life of the people of the important initiatives are well-off society and building a harmonious socialist society, a major task.

"The views of medical reform," pointed out that since the founding of new China, especially since the reform and opening, China's medical and health has made remarkable achievements in the cause, covering urban and rural areas of the medical and health service system has basically taken shape, has continuously increased its ability for Disease Control and Prevention, health insurance coverage gradually expanded population , health science and technology level of the rapid increase in the level of people's health improved, the residents of developing countries mainly in the forefront of health indicators. In particular, are a major win against SARS has been increasing at all levels of government investment, public health, rural health and community health development to speed up the city, the new rural cooperative medical care and basic medical insurance for urban residents achieve a breakthrough by the medical and health institutions to deepen reform has laid a good foundation. At the same time, it should be noted that the current development of China's medical and health levels and health needs of the masses of the people and coordinated economic and social contradictions not meet the requirements of the development are still quite prominent. Urban and regional imbalances in the development of medical and health, unreasonable allocation of resources, public health and rural, community medical and health work is relatively weak, health care systems, pharmaceutical production and circulation order of non-standardized, hospital management systems and operational mechanisms are imperfect, inadequate investment in government health, medical costs rose too fast, too heavy a burden, and strong resentment among the people.

A short span of a few, even on the past three decades the medical and health system summary of lessons learned吗? I also have reservations.

After the reform the reform of the past, because some types of man-made pollution, including pollution of air pollution in particular medical devices are contaminated blood disease are numerous cases painful death, AIDS caused the village to sell blood, blood transfusion, including HIV infection such as leukemia can be fear of the disease, hospital use of a lot of tricks to deceive the masses of the people, in the physical examination tests on false, exaggerated or even fabricated, so that people do not become sick disease so that people in small lesions of a major illness, the "disease" can be included in the "Healthy demand "in it?

We have thoroughly examined the blood bank inventory of blood products and the reliability of the safety吗? Really voluntary voluntary blood donors (non-blood donors) innocent increasing cases of infection, the normal, healthy people who donate blood are afraid, "blood head" back country with a lot of blood has long been the original "reform" has become "corporate blood", for "management" of the sick and many were forced to return or professional blood donors who make our security situation is extremely serious medical. Some "Blood's" innocent of that "blood components", "blood components" on infectious diseases to avoid infection and to relax or ignore the need for the implementation of the necessary inspection and prohibition of laws and regulations, including the use of disinfection equipment requirements. People really need a blood transfusion and the fear of disease transmission into the blood, including blood transfusion components. People see a doctor on tenterhooks. Blood donation is a glorious thing, blood in the "Blood's" eyes are only a "slurry for" that law also required to donate blood as "blood" "Secret", which give the green light to more illegal blood collection, which normal? These circumstances the central know? That is why I call on the village stage a comeback against the causes of HIV.

"The views of medical reform," said the deepening of the State Council Leading Group for the medical and health system is responsible for formulating the principles and policy framework for the pilot, co-ordination, guidance throughout the pilot. Provinces, regions, and municipalities to develop specific implementation of pilot programs and organizations. Local governments in accordance with this opinion and want to implement the requirements of the program, according to local conditions to develop specific and effective measures to implement the program, careful organization, the reform process in an orderly way to ensure that the results of the reform to benefit all the people.

Historical experience shows that if we do not say in front of a fundamental reversal of the medical and health situation of chaos, not the history of AIDS on the village of complete accountability, blind pilot, blind resources reorganization will not only cause people to become more concerned about health care, because disease infected the innocent more不好找retrospective hospital duty, and the country is in fact the money of the National People's money is likely to be falling into a bottomless pit, the result of the new country and a great loss to the people. This is my second concern.

To this end, I suggest that the preparation of pilot hospital restructuring or institutions or companies should be restructured before the media at all on the published list, including a list of key management and employees to receive at least three months to check the complaints, there is no stain on the system before they can , questions of doubt as to the dispute and must be the elimination of people's concerns, resolve disputes, deal with the problem better, this process must also be publicized to the public, it is necessary to carry out hearing the words can be to no troubles.

I do not want heaven hospital, the doctor does not want an "angel", of course, are hell more do not want to hospitals, blood banks do not want to魔窟into.

Whether or not a new medical reform to implement the most critical. Hope that the new hospital doctors return to the bad human!