治血友病染艾滋佛山3患者索赔600万


治血友病染艾滋佛山3患者索赔600万

 
 
 
 
 
治血友病染艾滋佛山3患者索赔600万
时间: 2009-07-21

起诉上海生物制品研究所获禅城区法院受理,患者坚信使用该所生产未经去毒灭活的凝血八因子感染HIV

 

 

 

1982年,上生所研制出八因子制剂,被全国大量血友病患者使用。(/图陈志刚 摄)

 

核心提示

血友病患者体内缺乏凝血因子(主要为第八因子),需要定时静脉注射补充,否则一旦出血无法止住。1982年起,上生所研制出了冻干人凝血因子Ⅷ(以下简称“八因子”)制剂并生产,被全国大量血友病患者注射使用,但在1998年以后,全国陆续出现百余名血友感染艾滋患者,在排除母婴传播和性传播后,他们把怀疑的眼光投向经常注射使用的上生所未作病毒去除灭活处理的八因子。

在这批10年前因治疗血友病而感染艾滋病的患者中,很多人因支付不起高昂的治疗费用,已撒手人寰。也有一些患者陆续向上生所提起诉讼。

今年4月底,佛山艾滋病患者小博把上海生物制品研究所(以下简称“上生所”)告上法庭。他认为,自己在治疗血友病过程中使用上生所未经去毒灭活的凝血因子产品导致感染艾滋病,起诉索赔200余万,并于5月6日获禅城区法院立案。

之后,佛山两名相同情况患者的起诉亦在禅城区法院获立案,延续了全国对上生所的多米诺骨牌诉讼。在此前后,江西、黑龙江、湖南等地先后有近十宗类似起诉获当地法院立案。而在全国其他地区,仍有数十名患者在当地法院难以立案,他们翘首以待病友们上诉事件获得进展。

然而,就在6月24日开庭前,小博收到法院通知——案件推迟审理。与此相仿,目前全国几起同类案件也被推迟或驳回起诉。

7月12日,6位来自全国各地的患者家属聚会长沙,紧急磋商如何继续追究上生所的责任及索取赔偿。

审理推迟

上生所在这份管辖权异议书中表示,小博提起的是产品质量损害赔偿纠纷,属于产品质量侵权案件,按法律应由侵权行为地或被告住所地法院管辖。而上生所所在地是上海长宁区

小博起诉上生所八因子产品侵权索赔案,原定6月24日在禅城区法院开庭。

佛山市人大对此案表示关注,并派员于当日去法院旁听,不料却扑了空。

人大工作人员向法院询问,原来在6月2日,上生所提出了管辖权异议,案件不得不推迟审理。

上生所在这份管辖权异议书中表示,小博提起的是产品质量损害赔偿纠纷,属于产品质量侵权案件,按法律应由侵权行为地或被告住所地法院管辖。上生所所在地是上海长宁区,原告没有证据证明侵权行为地发生在禅城区,因此本案应由上海长宁区法院管辖。

“人命关天,对方明显是在拖时间,我们是耗不起的。”小博的父亲赵伟称。

自2003年10月起,上海市长宁区法院就不再受理此类诉讼。

7月7日,事情出现转机,当日禅城区法院作出裁决,认为“此案侵权行为的实施地和结果地均在禅城区”,因此驳回上生所提出的管辖权异议。

赵伟表示,估计上生所很快就会对此裁决上诉至佛山市中院。

据他介绍,在广州某区法院受理的同样一起起诉上生所案件中,上生所也提出了管辖权异议,但遭到法院驳回,上生所已经上诉到广州市中院。

目前,上生所对佛山另两名患者的诉讼,也提出了管辖权异议,禅城区法院尚未作出是否驳回的裁决。

这件引人注目诉讼的发生,还要追溯到10余年前。

佛山这3位血友病患者称,他们在1990年至1996年间,一直单独或一起向上生所购买凝血八因子。

2001年至2005年间,三位患者陆续被佛山疾控中心确诊感染艾滋病和丙肝。他们认为,艾滋病的感染途径主要通过母婴传播、血液传播、性传播,但自己的父母家属均无艾滋病感染,自己确诊艾滋病前无性接触,而3人自年幼患血友病,长年注射上生所的八因子,唯一感染途径就是血液感染。

2008年11月24日,国家信访局对全国多位类似患者的投诉作出回复,建议患者通过法律途径正当索赔。

今年初,3患者先后寻求多位佛山律师代理案件,但均遭拒绝。有律师称,此案不确定因素太多,建议三位患者与全国其他类似患者联合走集团诉讼道路,并寻求人大代表的帮助。

“先去人大备案,挂个号”,赵伟表示。之后,3患者先后向广东省人大和佛山市人大递送案件资料,并聘得一位广州律师代理起诉。

 

 

 

西安血友病患者贾平安(坐轮椅者),已于2007年5月30日因爱滋病死亡。(/图陈志刚 摄)

今年4月底,赵伟作为儿子小博的代理,以产品质量损害赔偿纠纷为由,一纸诉状将上生所告上法庭。在起诉状中,赵伟称儿子在2001年确诊艾滋病,虽然距起诉时已有8年,但由于自己不停通过各种渠道索赔,诉讼时效一直未过。

5月6日,此案获禅城区法院立案,并安排在6月24日上午开庭。同月,另两名患者的起诉也获禅城区法院受理。

补偿协议

上生所表示,基于3患者目前医疗费用高、生活困难,从人道主义的角度考虑,予以每位患者一次性资金救助10万元。但其同时认为,自己的救助行为,不能解释为对患者感染艾滋病负有法律责任

在起诉前,佛山3患者已分别与上生所签署了一份救助协议。

在确诊艾滋病后,3位患者及家属多次去上海,向上海生物制品研究所抗议,要求赔偿,并向卫生部等部门投诉。

今年4月14日,上生所代表来到佛山,商谈与佛山3患者签订救助协议。

在该协议中,上生所承认,佛山3患者为血友病患者,曾购买或使用过自己生产的八因子。但其认为,不能证明3患者感染艾滋的直接原因是使用了自己生产的八因子,并称3患者在治疗过程中,并非仅仅购买或使用过上生所生产的八因子。

上生所表示,基于3患者目前医疗费用高、生活困难,从人道主义的角度考虑,予以每位患者一次性救助10万元。但其同时认为,自己的救助行为,不能解释为对患者感染艾滋病负有法律责任。“本协议款项支付,视为双方已就该事件纠纷解决而达成的最终方案。”

赵伟介绍,上生所还要求,患者不得向包括媒体在内的任何人透露协议的协商过程和内容,同时患者不再以任何理由,向上生所或关联单位主张要求赔偿或进一步救助等要求。

“该协议不仅将自己打扮为受害者的救世主和慈善家,而且企图逃脱应有的民事赔偿责任。”在协商过程中,赵伟和陈梅等患者父母对于上生所“最终方案”的表述强烈反对,并一度拒绝签署。

之后,赵伟等人提出补充条款,“受救助者在收到上生所10万元救助款及签署救助协议后,以今后的国家相关政策及有关法律法规为准,寻求相关部门救助。如能通过法律程序解决,受救助者仍享有及保留相关权利。”

经请示上生所高层同意,上生所代表与患者达成补充协议,3患者也于当日在上生所协议方案上签了字。目前,通过佛山红十字会转交,3患者已各自收到救助款10万元。

据悉,目前上生所已与全国数十位类似患者签署该救助协议,但江西一位患者去年在签署协议书后,向法院起诉获立案,该患者请求法院判决自己与上生所签订的救助协议无效。

索赔600万

2005年11月至今年4月,由于患艾滋病、丙肝和血友病病情加重,赵伟儿子在禅城区中心医院治疗共花费58万元

“为治疗使用八因子所感染的艾滋病,我们不仅在经济上倾家荡产,并且在精神上还遭受了极大打击。”赵伟称,他代表儿子向上生所索赔200余万元,另外两位患者索赔也都将近200万。

据悉,由于3位患者索赔都超过百万,每位患者都被法院要求预交案件受理费2万元左右。目前,根据患者的申请,法院已同意3人缓交总计6万余元的受理费。

赵伟介绍,他从医院打出缴费清单显示,2005年11月至今年4月,由于患艾滋病、丙肝和血友病病情加重,赵伟儿子在禅城区中心医院治疗共花费58万元,因此按20万元每年的标准,向上生所追讨从2001年证实患艾滋病起至2009年8年间的治疗费,总计160万。

此外,他还索赔精神抚慰金10万元,“(感染)艾滋病给精神带来的打击,疾病痛苦的折磨是常人无法想象的.家破人亡的结局,金钱无法计算。”赵伟称,自己的诉求并不过分。

10万元营养费、21万元伤残生活补助等也在赵伟追讨之列。另两患者索赔诉求基本与赵伟相同。

佛山另一名使用上生所八因子并认为由此感染艾滋病的血友病患者母亲陈梅介绍,目前全国类似案件获立案的将近10起,还有数十位血友感染艾滋患者翘首以待,但他们多以一般人身损害赔偿为由起诉,而佛山三位患者是以产品质量侵权为由起诉的。

赵伟称,2008年11月28日,他们在卫生部信访局与上生所交涉时,上生所一位内部人员私下透露,上生所从上世纪80年代开始生产八因子,到1995年停产时,总共生产销售了30多万支凝血因子,5万多人使用,已知300余人感染艾滋病毒,感染率为0.5%.

“你要先证明当年生产的八因子有没问题?”陈梅称,产品责任原因造成的人身损害,实行举证责任倒置,自己只需要证明损害后果,而不需要像一般人身损害赔偿那样,患者要充分举证上生所存在过错,因此对于弱势的患者最为有利。

因此,陈梅表示,她已要求上生所对当年用于生产的原材料血液采购证明、数量、批次进行举证。她还介绍,上生所的工作人员曾私下承认,当年其血源主要采购点,主要来源于河南艾滋村,都是用大罐冷藏车去拉的。

同时,她还要求上生所向法官说明,在签收卫生部55号文后,“销售了多少八因子?销售到什么地方去?共生产了多少八因子,造成国内多少同样受害者?”

多米诺骨牌诉讼

自2004年起,全国陆续有血友感染艾滋患者在本地起诉上生所,获立案,但有的案件遭法院久拖不决。其中,山东一位患者于2004年在当地法院成功立案,并于当年开庭

今年3月份以后,广东、山东、江西、黑龙江等9个省市先后有近10位患者提起诉讼,并获当地法院立案。

“佛山这个案子能够立案,又踢开了一个缺口。”赵伟说。

1998年前后,上海数名使用上生所八因子并认为由此感染艾滋的血友病患者,陆续向上海市长宁区法院起诉,向上生所索赔。

2003年,这些患者陆续收到了长宁区法院的判决书。法院认为,患者缺乏充分的证据证明其感染艾滋病毒与上生所生产的“八因子”存在直接的因果关系,“但鉴于感染病毒的事实对于感染者的身体、精神造成了巨大的损害与痛苦”,判令上生所给予每个患者“经济补偿”10万元。

而2003年10月,来自东北、长沙等地共5名染上了艾滋病的血友病人,将起诉上生所的诉状递到了上海市长宁区法院,却被拒绝受理。此后,全国此类患者无法在上海成功立案。

但自2004年起,全国陆续有血友感染艾滋患者在本地起诉上生所,获立案,但有的案件遭法院久拖不决。其中,山东一位患者于2004年在当地法院成功立案,并于当年开庭,但至今未判决。

今年三月份以后,广东、山东、江西、黑龙江等9个省市先后有近10位患者提起诉讼,并获当地法院立案。

“我们提起的法律诉讼,对上生所来讲,他们头上时刻悬把刀。”赵伟说。

上海做法

上海市政府出台统一政策,让全国血友感染艾滋的患者,跟上海市患者一样,每月可以得到1000至3000元的生活补贴,所有治疗(包括艾滋并发症)和药物费用全免

7月2日,哈尔滨一起起诉上生所的诉讼,遭当地法院裁定驳回。

10天后,来自广东、湖南、山东、江西等地的5名血友病感染艾滋的患者家属,紧急约请哈尔滨起诉患者的母亲赵霞(化名)到长沙探讨案情。这5名患者家属提起的诉讼目前均已获当地法院立案,在焦急等待开庭或判决。

哈尔滨的胡刚(化名)7岁时,一次外伤流血不止,住院过程中确诊为血友病,且经常出现自发性或轻微性外伤时四肢血肿。1995年,赵霞分两次向上海生物制品研究所购买八因子,并到医院为胡刚注射。3年后,胡刚经检测感染艾滋病,排除性感染和母婴感染后,胡刚认为是使用上生所未经杀毒灭活的八因子所致。

今年3月15日,赵霞作为胡刚的代理人,向哈尔滨市某区法院提起了诉讼,要求上海生物制品研究所赔偿医疗费和精神损失费等各项费用近800万元。

本案原定在7月1日开庭审理,但是就在6月底,法院突然通知取消开庭。7月2日,该区法院通知赵霞,说案件被法院裁定驳回起诉。

该法院认为,胡刚系血友病患者,其感染艾滋病和丙型乙型肝炎病毒,可通过多种途径感染,而我国卫生部已针对各地艾滋病感染者和患者的医疗救治及生活救助问题出台了相关政策,故本案应按公共卫生政策予以属地解决。据悉,赵霞已就此裁决向哈尔滨市中院上诉。

 

 

 

近年来,血友病感染艾滋患者及家属,多次前往卫生部投诉上生所。(/图陈志刚 摄)

 

“上生所可能已将该裁决传真给了全国所有立案的法院”,来自广东佛山的患者家属赵伟说,如果各地立案的法院援引此裁定,那么全国各地十余位正在诉讼阶段的患者家属的一切努力,都将付之东流。

经过两天的讨论,6名患者家属表示,将考虑综合每个人的案件材料,用特快专递寄到最高法院、最高检察院和全国人大,请求他们关注和督导此类案件。

“这个裁定已经使我脚站在悬崖边上,底下就是万丈深渊”,赵霞潸然泪下,她说目前儿子治疗的药物很多是向国外购买,至今自付的医疗费高达55万多元。而就在法院裁定前几天,忍受不了痛苦的胡刚突然离家出走,等经过10多天找到儿子时,本来消瘦的他已经骨瘦如柴。

“先把儿子的命保住,如果儿子没了,只能向上生所要求死亡赔偿金,我们以前承受的痛苦和付出的上百万治疗费用,谁来承担?”佛山的赵伟劝她说。

“我们迫切需要一个适合血友病感染艾滋病病毒治疗与生活救助的专门政策。”赵伟说,虽然在2003年,政府对艾滋病患者提出“四免一关怀”,上生所也陆续给全国各地数十名感染艾滋的血友病患者签订补助协议,每人发放10万元,但对于同时罹患血友病、艾滋病、丙肝等多种疾病的患者而言,仍只是杯水车薪。

多位血友病感染艾滋家属介绍,在现有的国家免费的抗艾药物组合中,有的还不适合血友病患者服用,因为抗艾滋病毒的药物对肝脏的副作用特别严重,直接导致了肝病的恶化。加上免疫体系的低下,患者经常会出现各种并发症,都需要进一步治疗、检测。

来自佛山的陈梅说,“感染艾滋病后,每年儿子住院、吃药,已自费支出数十万,一次性10万元的赔偿根本不够。”

在长沙聚会的6名患者家属向记者表示,在诉讼索赔感染艾滋病后自费治疗的数十万乃至上百万支出后,他们也呼吁政府出台统一政策,让全国血友病感染艾滋的患者,跟上海患者一样,每月可以得到1000至3000元的生活补贴,治疗(包括艾滋并发症)和药物费用全免。

从2001年开始,上海对艾滋病患者提供了免费治疗,并通过红十字会、市慈善机构等多方面筹集资金给予了这些病人生活困难补助金,有关部门还进行定期走访,帮助他们解决医疗和生活上的困难。(出于可以理解的原因,文中患者及其亲属皆为化名)

血友病

人类对血友病的认识是女性为基因携带者,通过遗传使男性后代发病。血友病患者因体内缺乏正常凝血因子,而经常出血不止,重型病人常有自发性出血。出血过程缓慢、持久、巨痛,关节部位反复出血最终可能导致肌肉萎缩、运动功能障碍及终生致残,迄今尚无根治的方法。

目前世界范围内约有40万患者,我国至少有8-10万患者,而目前登记患者仅5000多人,不到5%的血友病患者接受治疗,将近九成的血友病患者没有接受规范的治疗。

注射补充凝血因子的各类血液制品是治疗血友病的唯一途径。而凝血因子(主要为八因子)浓缩制剂的生产过程就是将数千名供血者的血浆混合后进行制取、分装。只要其中有一份血浆有病毒,就会造成大范围感染。

回应

上生所:艾滋病治疗求助有国家补助

在佛山3患者与上生所代表的沟通中,对方曾表示,国家已针对各地艾滋病病毒感染者和患者的医疗救治及生活补助出台了相关政策,有关艾滋病病毒感染者和患者的生活救助问题,应由各地按照国家有关政策协调解决。

患者:国家政策地方福利不能代替肇事企业的责任

但这种观点并未获得患者的认同。“我们享受的是国家的政策和地方的福利,不能代替肇事企业的责任。”赵伟表示,国家的“四免一关怀”政策为艾滋病感染者提供抗病毒治疗和其他福利,但却没有区分感染是否因为国家的行为而导致,因此该政策不能代替赔偿。

赵伟表示,在佛山市政府的关怀政策下,儿子所感染的艾滋病和丙肝得到基本的治疗,但每年为此所支出的维持性治疗费高达20万左右(未包括针对艾滋病、丙肝抗病毒治疗费用)。

“儿子感染了艾滋病和丙肝,现已处于发病的状态,随时会有性命之忧。”赵伟认为,自己儿子感染艾滋病,遭受的肉体和精神痛苦,是使用上生所未经杀毒消活的八因子造成的,而享受国家和地方用于民生的福利资源,是公民的权利,并不能因此减免作为肇事企业上生所的法律赔偿责任。

PK

今年4月份,上生所在与赵伟等人签署补助协议时曾表示,血友病患者的用药背景很复杂,其使用的全血、成份血、冷沉淀溶解液或血液制品的来源多种多样,因此感染艾滋病的渠道也多,其实际感染途径难以确定是自己生产的八因子。

患者:并未混用国外或其他厂家产品

对此,赵伟、陈梅等佛山患者家属表示,1995年前,他们只知道上生所有生产和销售“八因子”制品,儿子一直使用的是上生所的八因子,并未混用过国外或其他厂家的类似产品。

 

 

 

(/图陈志刚 摄)

 

中国血友之家也曾介绍,1995年之前,国内血友病患者大量使用的是上生制所生产的凝血八因子。而当时“凝血八因子”浓缩制剂的生产过程,就是将数千名不同供血者的血浆混合后进行制取、分装,其中只要有一份血浆带有艾滋病毒,就会造成大范围感染。

质疑

上生所销售假药?

卫生部发文叫停后,上生所仍多次销售库存八因子

血友病患者小博的父亲赵伟在起诉书中称,上生所在1991年获卫生部许可生产凝血八因子的批文,但其产品均未经去除病毒和灭活处理。

1995年7月20日,卫生部紧急下发55号文《关于禁止生产和临床使用未经病毒去除或灭活的凝血因子类血液制品的通知》,称以往国内生产销售的凝血因子类血液制品,均未经过可靠的病毒去除或灭活。应用这样的制品存在着传播血源性疾病(如乙肝、丙型肝炎、艾滋病等)的严重危险。

记者看到该文件还要求,“各有关血液制品生产单位1994年12月31日前得到的凝血因子类制剂生产批准文号,一律作废,立即停止生产和销售。”

赵伟向记者出示的签收件显示,上生所于7月29日签收了该通知。“1995年9月、11月以及12月,上生所经营部仍多次向我销售了库存的八因子。”赵伟向记者出示了多张当时的发票。

他认为,上生所在签收到卫生部要求立即停止销售八因子的55号文后,依然把八因子卖给自己,“实际上是向自己销售假药。”据悉,国家药监局也将上生所1995年7月29日后销售的八因子认定为假药。

之后,记者查阅到这份国家药监局2007年10号文。文件中称,经核查,在卫生部通知(55号文)下发后,国家药品审批部门没有向上海生物制品研究所审批核发过经病毒去除或灭活工艺生产的凝血因子类制品的生产批准文号,“如果生产单位违反规定,继续生产、销售,按假药论处。”

赵伟还表示,自己仍存放着两瓶完好未开封上生所销售的八因子,其中一瓶生产日期是1993年7月1日,很大程度带有HIV病毒,另外一瓶生产日期1995年2月1日,是国家药监局认定的假药。

赵伟认为,上生所违法销售未经去除病毒和灭活的八因子,且全国范围内的血友病艾滋感染者都有使用上生所1994年、1995年间生产的八因子,自己有理由认为儿子所患艾滋病是上生所违法销售存在质量问题的产品所导致的感染,要求追究上生所的产品质量侵权责任。

链接

国外对血友病感染艾滋病的赔偿经验

日本每月有补助配偶可获赔

日本1993年制定优厚的赔偿方案。该方案为感染艾滋病的所有成年血友病患者,每月提供2328美元的赔偿。此外,血友病患者若因艾滋病相关疾病住院,则每月还另外提供318美元的补贴。

同时,日本也提供抚恤金。失去主要劳动力的家庭将得到为期10年、每月1575美元的补贴。如果是非主要劳动力死亡,家庭会获得一笔63257美元的赔偿,以及1352美元的丧葬费。

1994年,日本对赔偿方案进行了修订,将配偶纳入赔偿计划。这项赔偿基金由日本政府和医药公司共同资助。

法国每人额外获赔41万美元

1989年,法国政府为由血液制品而感染的患者提供了5298到30088美元的赔偿。同时,公共团结基金——一项由保险公司专门为感染艾滋病的血友病患者及其家庭设立的基金,根据感染者病情的严重程度、患者的年龄、损失的收入和家庭情况,提供5128到29052美元的赔偿。

当证据表明全国输血中心明知血液制品可能已经受到污染,但仍将这些产品分销下去,民众的情绪极其激愤;同时面对医疗成本的不断上涨,这些款项根本满足不了受害者的需要,法国面临潜在的大量诉讼。于是法国建立了一项新的基金,为受害者每人额外提供一笔高达417377美元的赔偿。

美国一次赔付12.5万美元患者承诺不起诉

1995年3月,美国众议院提交了RickyRay血友病救助基金法案,该法案授权政府为在1980年到1987年间感染艾滋病的血友病患者及其家庭成员提供赔偿。赔偿金额为一次性给付125000美元,而且接受赔偿的患者要承诺不起诉美国食品药品管理局。该法案直到2000年才有足够的基金进行运作。(引自亚州促进会《他山之石:国际血液供应污染事件处理经验》)

(编辑:陈超颖)

 

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来源: 南方都市报网络版 作者: 记者 海鹏飞 陈怡 陈养凯
Governance HIV infected hemophilia patients claim 3 Foshan 6,000,000
Time: 2009-07-21
Prosecution by the Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Chancheng District Court, the patient convinced that produced without the use of the drug to inactivated HIV infected blood coagulation factor VIII






In 1982, developed by the Health and factor VIII preparations, a large number of hemophiliacs have been used nationwide. (/ Figure Chen Zhigang photo)



Core tips

Lack of blood coagulation in patients with von Willebrand factor (factor VIII mainly), the need for supplementary intravenous regular basis, or else can not stop bleeding. 1982, on the Health of the developed freeze-dried human clotting factor Ⅷ (hereinafter referred to as "factor VIII") preparation and production, has been a large number of hemophiliacs nationwide vaccination, but in 1998 after hundreds of the country, emerging Friends of the blood of patients with HIV infection, in the exclusion of mother to child transmission and sexually transmitted, they look suspicious to the regular injection of Health for use by the removal of inactivated virus did not deal with the eight factors.

10 years ago in the treatment of hemophilia patients infected with AIDS, many people can not afford the high cost of treatment, has died. There are some patients being brought up by Health.

By the end of April this year, Foshan AIDS to small Bo Shanghai Biological Products Institute (hereinafter referred to as "by the Health") brought to the Court. In his view, the treatment of hemophilia in the process without the use of detoxification by Health inactivated clotting factor products that lead to HIV infection, the prosecution of more than 200 million claims, and by May 6 Chancheng district court file.

After Foshan two patients with the same prosecution has been in Chancheng District Court case, the continuation of the National Health Institute of domino action. Before and after, Jiangxi, Heilongjiang, Hunan and other places there have been nearly 10 similar case prosecuted by local courts. In other parts of the country, there are still dozens of patients with difficult to file in the local court, they eagerly looking forward to the progress of such cases will be病友们appeal.

However, on June 24 hearing before the court received notice of the small bo - a postponement of the hearing of cases. Similarly, the current number of similar cases nationwide have been delayed or rejected by the prosecution.

July 12, six patients from families all over the country gather in Changsha, emergency consultations on how to pursue the responsibility of Health and to claim compensation.

Trial postponed

Health where the objection to the jurisdiction of the book that the effect is small pouthi damages product quality disputes, tort cases are product quality, in accordance with the law or infringement by the defendant to the jurisdiction of the court house. Health and by the location of the Changning District in Shanghai

Small Bo prosecution by the Health and factor VIII product infringement claim, originally scheduled for June 24 in Chancheng district court.

Foshan Municipal People's Congress expressed concern about the case and sent to the court to attend on the same day only to head the air.

The National People's Congress asked the staff to the court that in June 2, the Health and objections raised by the jurisdiction, to hear the case had to be postponed.

Health where the objection to the jurisdiction of the book that the effect is small pouthi damages product quality disputes, tort cases are product quality, in accordance with the law or infringement by the defendant to the jurisdiction of the court house. Health is located on the Shanghai Changning District, the plaintiff there is no evidence that violations occurred in Chancheng District, so the case should be the jurisdiction of the Court of Changning District, Shanghai.

"Life is precious, the other is obviously the time delay, we can not afford the cost." The father of small Bo Zhao said.

Since October 2003, the Shanghai Changning District Court will not entertain such litigation.

July 7, what a turnaround in the day Chancheng district court ruled that "the case of violations and the results of the implementation of land area in Chancheng" Health is therefore dismissed on jurisdictional objection raised.

Zhao said it is estimated that by the Health and will soon be ruling on this appeal to the court in Foshan city.

According to him, a district in Guangzhou, the same court with the prosecution on the Health of the cases, on the Health of jurisdiction raised by the objection, but rejected by the Court, by the Health has appealed to the Intermediate Court of Guangzhou.

At present, by the Health on the other two patients Foshan litigation, also raised objections to jurisdiction, Chancheng has yet been made whether the district court's decision dismissed.

That the occurrence of high-profile litigation, but also traced back to more than 10 years ago.

Foshan It said three hemophiliacs, they from 1990 to 1996, the progress has been either alone or together with the purchase of Health and the coagulation factor VIII.

From 2001 to 2005, the three patients have been diagnosed Foshan CDC AIDS and hepatitis C infection. In their view, the main way of HIV infection through mother to child transmission, blood-borne, sexually transmitted, but the families of their own parents were not infected with AIDS, their AIDS diagnosis prior to sexual contact, and 3 young people suffering from hemophilia, long-term injection on Health and the eight-factor, the only way to infected blood infection.

November 24, 2008, the National Bureau of letters and a number of similar patients nationwide to respond to the complaint, it is recommended in patients with legitimate claims through the legal channels.

Earlier this year, 3 patients have a number of Foshan to seek counsel cases, but have been rejected. Some lawyers said the case is too many uncertainties, it is recommended in patients with three other similar groups of patients with lawsuits follow a joint path, and to seek the help of deputies.

"Go to the National People's Congress the record, linked to a number," said Zhao. After, 3 patients have to the National People's Congress of Guangdong Province and Foshan Municipal People's Congress delivery information on the case, and one in Guangzhou to recruit lawyers to prosecute.






Xi'an Jia Ping hemophiliacs (wheelchair), was May 30, 2007 death from AIDS. (/ Figure Chen Zhigang photo)

By the end of April this year, Zhao Bo, as son of the agent, to product quality disputes damages, citing the Health一纸诉状将by court. In the complaint, the son of Zhao Wei said AIDS diagnosed in 2001, although there are 8 hours away from the prosecution, but non-stop as a result of their claims through various channels, has not had the time.

May 6, Chancheng District Court found the case file, and arranged for the morning of June 24 hearing. That same month, the prosecution of the other two patients have been Chancheng District Court.

Compensation agreement

Expressed by the Health, based on the 3 patients with high medical costs, the difficulties of life, from a humanitarian point of view, a one-time per patient to be 100,000 yuan relief funds. But at the same time believe that the acts of their own relief, the patient can not be interpreted as legal responsibility for HIV infection

In the pre-indictment, Foshan 3 patients, respectively, and by the Health signed a salvage agreement.

AIDS diagnosis, after three patients and their families to Shanghai many times, to protest against the Shanghai Biological Products Institute, which seeks compensation to the Ministry of Health and other government departments.

April 14 this year, came to represent the Health Foshan, Foshan, 3 patients with negotiations and signed agreements relief.

In that agreement, recognized by the Health, Foshan hemophiliacs 3 patients, who have bought or used their own factor VIII production. But the view that 3 patients can not prove that the direct cause of HIV infection is the use of its own production of the eight factors that 3 patients in the course of treatment, not just the purchase of or used by the Health and factor VIII production.

Expressed by the Health, based on the 3 patients with high medical costs, the difficulties of life, from a humanitarian point of view, a one-time per patient to be 100,000 yuan relief. But at the same time believe that the acts of their own relief, the patient can not be interpreted as legal responsibility for HIV infection. "This agreement payments, as the two sides to resolve disputes in respect of the incident has reached the final."

Zhao Wei, the last of Health also requested by the patient, including the media, not to disclose the agreement of any consultation process and content are no longer patients at the same time for any reason, up Health or related units that seek compensation or further relief, etc. .

"The agreement will not only himself as the savior for the victims and philanthropist, but there should be an attempt to escape civil liability." In the process of consultation, Zhao Wei and Chen patients on the Health of the parents, "the final" presentation strongly opposed, and for a time refused to sign.

After Zhao et al proposed to add the terms, "subject to the receipt of the Health救助者by 100,000 yuan relief assistance payments and the signing of the agreement, related to future national policy and relevant laws and regulations in which the relevant departments to seek help. If through the proceedings, subject to still have and will retain救助者related rights. "

After high-level instructions agreed to by the Health, on behalf of Health and by a supplemental agreement reached with the patients, 3 patients on the same day in the program on Health and the agreement signed. At present, through the Red Cross handed over Foshan, 3 patients have each received 100,000 yuan assistance payments.

It is reported that the Health has worked with dozens of similar patients nationwide to sign the aid agreement, but one patient in Jiangxi Province, signed an agreement last year after the prosecution to the court by filing a case, the patient requests a court decision on their own with the assistance of Health signed an agreement null and void.

Claim 6000000

In November 2005 to April this year, as a result of suffering from AIDS, hepatitis C and haemophilia exacerbations, Zhao son Chancheng hospital district spent a total of 580,000 yuan

"For the treatment of factor VIII by the use of the AIDS infection, we have not only ruined the economy, and in spirit also suffered a heavy blow." Zhao said that upward of Health on behalf of his son by more than 200 million claims, claims the other two patients also are nearly two million.

It is learned that the three claims have more than one million patients, each patient was the admissibility of the court for a pre-case costs 2 million. At present, the patient's application, the court has agreed to a total of 3缓交the admissibility of 6 million yuan fee.

Zhao Wei, the payment he made the list from the hospital showed that in November 2005 to April this year, as a result of suffering from AIDS, hepatitis C and haemophilia exacerbations, Zhao son Chancheng hospital district spent a total of 580,000 yuan, So according to the standard 200,000 yuan each year, by upwards of Health confirmed that the recovery in 2001 from AIDS in 2009 until 8 years of treatment, for a total of 1.6 million.

In addition, he is also the spirit of solatium claim 100,000 yuan, "(infection) caused by AIDS to the spirit of combat, disease is a painful ordeal of ordinary people can not imagine. Destruction of the end, money can not be calculated." Zhao said the demands of their own not too much to ask.

100,000 yuan营养费, 210,000 yuan, such as disability living allowance is also to recover the list of Zhao Wei. Claim the other two patients with the same demands of the basic and Zhao Wei.

Foshan another eight by the use of Health and that the resulting factor of HIV-infected hemophiliacs Chen mother introduced similar cases across the country were put on nearly 10 cases, there are dozens of Friends of the blood of patients with HIV infection waiting, However, they make more use of the general grounds that the prosecution of personal injury compensation, and Foshan, the quality of products is based on three patients with the prosecution on the grounds of infringement.

Zhao said the November 28, 2008, Letters and Complaints Bureau in the Ministry of Health and the Health of the representations, the one on the Health of the internal staff in private that, on the Health of the 80's from the beginning of the last century the production of factor VIII, 1995 production, the total production and sales of more than 30 clotting factor 10,000, 50,000 more than the use of more than 300 known people living with HIV, the infection rate was 0.5%.

"You have to prove that the eight factors of production is no problem?" Said Chen, product liability personal injury caused by the implementation of the burden of proof that they only need to prove damage, without the need for physical damages as a general way, the patient the full burden of proof on to the existing Health fault, so the best interests of vulnerable patients.

Therefore, Chen said that she has asked for time on the Health of the raw materials used in the production of blood procurement have proved that the number of batches for the burden of proof. She also learned that the Health and the staff have privately admitted that their blood was the main point of procurement, mainly from Henan AIDS village, are large cans of refrigerated trucks to Latin America.

At the same time, she also called on the Health of the note to the judge, in the sign for the Ministry of Health No. 55, the "sales factor, the number eight? Sales where to go? Total number of eight-factor production, resulting in the same number of victims of domestic?"

Domino action

Since 2004, Friends of the National have blood in patients with HIV infection in the local prosecution by the Health, has been placed on file, but some cases by the court long. Of these, one patient in Shandong in 2004, the success of the local court file, and then sit

After March this year, Guangdong, Shandong, Jiangxi, Heilongjiang has nine provinces and cities in nearly 10 patients sue and file by the local court.

"Foshan to the case file, but also a gap away." Zhao said.

Before and after 1998, Shanghai, several of Health by the use of factor VIII and that the result of hemophiliacs infected with HIV, one after another to the Shanghai Changning District Court, claimed upwards of Health.

In 2003, these patients have received the court verdict Changning District. The court held that, in patients with a lack of sufficient evidence to prove that the HIV Health and produced by the "eight factor" There is a direct causal relationship, "but in view of the fact that the virus-infected persons for physical, mental caused tremendous damage and suffering "Health decree given on each patient" economic compensation "100,000 yuan.

And in October 2003, from Northeast China, Changsha, etc. A total of five hemophiliacs infected with AIDS, and will be prosecuted by the Health and deliver a petition the Court of Changning District, Shanghai, has been rejected. Since then, the country of such patients can not be a successful case in Shanghai.

However, since 2004, the National Friends of blood being HIV infected patients in the local prosecution by the Health, has been placed on file, but some cases by the court long. Of these, one patient in Shandong in 2004, the success of the local court file, and then sit, but so far no decision.

After March this year, Guangdong, Shandong, Jiangxi, Heilongjiang has nine provinces and cities in nearly 10 patients sue and file by the local court.

"We filed the lawsuit, by speaking on the Health, their heads hanging knife at all times." Zhao said.

Shanghai practice

Shanghai Municipal Government issued a unified policy to allow the Friends of the National blood of patients with HIV infection, with patients in Shanghai the same month will be 1000-3000 yuan to subsidize the lives of all treatment (including HIV complications) and the drug free of charge

July 2, with the prosecution of the Harbin Institute of Health and the proceedings were dismissed by the local court.

10 days, from Guangdong, Hunan, Shandong, Jiangxi and other places of the 5 patients with hemophilia infected with HIV families, emergency patients with the prosecution asked the mother of Harbin Zhao Xia (not her real name) to explore the merits of Changsha. Families of five patients in this litigation have been the present case the local court, anxiously waiting for trial or sentence.

Hu Harbin (a pseudonym), when 7-year-old, a traumatic bleeding diagnosed during hospitalization for hemophilia, and often spontaneous or minor traumatic hematoma when the limbs. In 1995, Zhao Xia two Shanghai Biological Products Institute to purchase the eight factors, and to the hospital for Hu injection. 3 years later, Hu infection by the detection of AIDS, rule out the possibility of infection and mother-to-child infection, the Hu-sheng considered by without the use of inactivated virus caused by the eight factors.

March 15 this year, Zhao Xia Hu agent as to the Harbin City, a district court filed a lawsuit demanding compensation Shanghai Institute of Biological Products for medical expenses and loss of fees to the cost of the spirit of nearly eight million yuan.

The case originally scheduled for July 1 in the trial, but in the end of June, the court hearing the sudden cancellation notice. July 2, the district court to inform Zhao Xia, said that the case is dismissed by the Court ruled that the prosecution.

The court held that the Department of Hu hemophiliacs infected with AIDS and the hepatitis C virus infection by a variety of ways, and China's Ministry of Health has been around for patients with AIDS and the medical treatment and living out relief issues the relevant policies, so the case should be public health policy to resolve dependencies. It is reported that Zhao Xia has ruled to the Court of Appeal in Harbin.






In recent years, HIV infection in patients with hemophilia and their families, many complaints to the Health of the Ministry of Health. (/ Figure Chen Zhigang photo)



"On the Health of the decision may have been faxed to the national courts of all the case," the patients from the families of Foshan in Guangdong Zhao said that if the court throughout the case to invoke such a determination, then a dozen places around the country stage of the proceedings of the patients are the families of all the efforts will have been in vain.

After two days of discussions, the families of six patients, will consider each case a comprehensive materials sent by Speedpost Supreme Court, the Supreme Procuratorate and the National People's Congress and ask for their attention and supervision of such cases.

"This award has been standing on my foot cliff, is the abyss beneath," Zhao Xia tears, she said that her son is currently the treatment of many of the drugs purchased abroad, so far pays the medical expenses of up to more than 550,000 yuan. The court ruled that in a few days ago, Hu could not bear the pain of suddenly running away from home, and found more than 10 days after his son, we had thin bones, he has been.

"First to protect his son's life, if his son had not only called for the death of upwards of Health award, we had to bear the pain and pay the cost of millions of treatment, who pays?" Zhao Foshan advised she said.

"We have an urgent need for a suitable treatment of hemophiliacs infected with HIV specialized rescue and life policies." Zhao said that although in 2003, the Government's AIDS the "Four Frees and One Care", by the Health and also to all parts of the country one after another Dozens of hemophiliacs infected with HIV to sign grant agreement, payment of 100,000 yuan per person, but at the same time suffering from hemophilia, AIDS, hepatitis C patients with various diseases is still only a drop in the bucket.

Many families of hemophiliacs infected with HIV, the countries in the existing combinations抗艾药free, some not suitable for patients with hemophilia, because of anti-HIV drugs on the liver is particularly serious side effects, a direct result of the the deterioration of liver disease. Coupled with low immune system, patients are often subject to a variety of complications, need for further treatment and testing.

From Foshan, Chen said, "infected with AIDS every year his son was hospitalized, medication, has been spending hundreds of thousands of their own expense, a one-time compensation of 100,000 yuan not enough."

Meeting in Changsha, the families of six patients told reporters that the claims in the proceedings at their own expense, the treatment of HIV infection after the hundreds of thousands or even millions of expenditure, they also called for the harmonization of policies introduced by the Government to allow national hemophilia patients infected with HIV, with the Shanghai patients with the same month will be the 1000-3000 yuan living allowance, treatment (including HIV complications) and the drug free of charge.

Since 2001, Shanghai to provide free AIDS treatment, and through the Red Cross, the city of many charitable organizations to raise funds for these patients given the difficulties of life grants, departments also carry out regular visits to help them solve their medical and living difficulties. (For understandable reasons, the text in the patients and their relatives are not his real name)

Hemophilia

Mankind's knowledge of hemophilia gene carrier females, through the genetic make the incidence of male offspring. Hemophiliacs due to a lack of normal clotting factor in vivo, and often more than bleeding, heavy bleeding patients are often spontaneous. The process of slow bleeding, lasting,巨痛, repeated joint bleeding site could eventually lead to muscle atrophy, motor dysfunction and permanently disabled, so far there is no way radical.

At present, worldwide about 40 million patients, my patients have at least 8-10 million, and is currently registered only in patients with more than 5,000 people, less than 5% of hemophilia patients treated hemophiliacs九成almost did not accept treatment norms.

Supplementary injection of various types of blood coagulation factor products is the only way to the treatment of hemophiliacs. And coagulation factors (mainly factor VIII) concentrates the production process of preparation is to thousands of plasma donors for the preparation of a mixture of packaging. As long as there is a plasma in which a virus, it will cause a large-scale infection.

Response

By the Health: AIDS treatment grants help state

3 patients in Foshan on the Health of the communication on behalf of, the other party has said that the country has been around for HIV-infected persons and patients with medical treatment and a living allowance introduced a policy on HIV-infected people and patients with relief of life issues, should be all over the coordination of relevant policies in accordance with the settlement of the country.

Patients: a national policy can not replace the local welfare businesses the responsibility of the incident

But this view has not been recognized in patients. "We enjoy a national policy and local benefits, the accident can not replace the responsibility of enterprises." Zhao said that the country's "Four Frees and One Care" policy for the provision of AIDS anti-retroviral therapy and other benefits, but there is no distinction between Is it because the infection caused by an act of the State, so the compensation is no substitute for policy.

Zhao said that in the Foshan city government's care policy, his son by the AIDS and hepatitis C infection has been the basic treatment, but the expenses for this year's maintenance treatment costs up to 20 million (not including the response to AIDS, hepatitis C anti - HIV treatment costs).

"My son has AIDS and hepatitis C infection is now in a state of morbidity, there is always fear life." Zhao Wei believes that his own HIV infection, subjected to physical and mental pain, is without the use of Health and by the elimination of live virus factor of eight, and the enjoyment of the national and local resources for the welfare of the people's livelihood, the rights of citizens, and not as an accident reduction by businesses on Health and the legal liability.

PK

In April this year, where the Health and Zhao Wei, who said he signed the grant agreement, the context of drug use in patients with hemophilia is complex, the use of whole blood, blood components, cryoprecipitate dissolved liquid source of a variety of blood products diverse, so the channels are also infected with HIV more than the actual infection is difficult to determine their own factor VIII production.

Patients: does not mix or other manufacturers products abroad

In response, Zhao Wei, Chen said the families of patients, such as Foshan, 1995 years ago, they only know on the Health of all the production and sale of "eight factor" products, the son has been using the Health of the eight factors, did not mix too foreign or other manufacturers of similar products.






(/ Figure Chen Zhigang photo)



House of the Friends of the Chinese have learned that before 1995, the domestic use of hemophiliacs is produced on the Health of the coagulation system factor VIII. At that time, "coagulation factor VIII" concentrate formulations of the production process, is different from thousands of donors for the plasma mixture preparation, packaging, in which a plasma as long as there is with HIV, it will cause a large-scale infection.

Questioned

By selling fake drugs on the Health?

After the suspension is issued by the Ministry of Health, the Health of the eight stocks are still many sales factor

Hemophiliacs small Zhao Bo's father said in the indictment, where the Health Ministry of Health license in 1991 was the production of clotting factor VIII approval, but without the removal of their products are to deal with viruses and inactivated.

July 20, 1995, the Ministry of Health issued an urgent text No. 55 "on the prohibition of production and clinical use without a virus removal or inactivation of blood coagulation factor products," which said sales of domestic product in the past, the blood clotting factor products, were not reliable after removal or inactivation of the virus. Application of such products there is a spread of blood-borne diseases (such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, AIDS, etc.) at grave risk.

The reporter saw the document also demands that "all relevant units of blood products December 31, 1994 received the production of coagulation factor preparations Approval Number shall be void and immediately stop the production and marketing."

Zhao told reporters the sign for pieces of the production shows that the Health and by July 29 on receipt of the notice. "September 1995, November and December, operated by the Department of Health is still many times I sold stock to the eight factors." Zhao told reporters at the time produced more than one invoice.

In his view, where the sign on the Health Ministry of Health calls for an immediate halt to sales of 55 eight-factor after the text is still to sell their own factor VIII, "is in fact selling fake drugs to their own." It is learned that the State Food and Drug Administration will also be on of Health by July 1995 after 29 sales of the eight factors identified as counterfeit.

After the press access to the State Food and Drug Administration in 2007 the text on the 10th. Document said that after verification, to inform the Ministry of Health (No. 55) issued after the approval of National Drug sector to the Shanghai Institute of Biological Products for approval have been issued by the virus removal or inactivation of clotting factor produced products category Approval Number, "in violation of regulations if the production units to continue production, sale, punishable by fake drugs."

Zhao Wei also said that he is still well placed two bottles of unopened sold on the Health of the eight factors, including a bottle of the production date is July 1, 1993, to a large extent with the HIV virus, while a bottle of production date in 1995 February 1 is the State Food and Drug Administration found the fake drugs.

Zhao believes that the law on sale without a Health to remove the virus and inactivated factor VIII and von Willebrand nationwide are HIV-infected persons by the use of Health in 1994, 1995, the eight factors of production, they have reason to believe that AIDS is a son by the Health and the existence of the illegal sales of the product quality problems caused by infection, by request of Health held on Tort Liability of product quality.

Link

Abroad to compensate hemophiliacs infected with AIDS experience

Japan grants the spouse a monthly to a compensable

Japan's 1993 compensation package attractive. The program for all adult HIV-infected hemophiliacs, 2328 U.S. dollars per month to provide compensation. In addition, patients with von Willebrand disease due to AIDS-related hospitalization, the monthly 318 U.S. dollars to provide additional subsidies.

At the same time, Japan also provided pensions. Families lost their main labor force will be a period of 10 years, the monthly subsidy of 1575 U.S. dollars. If the main non-labor death, the family will receive a compensation of 63,257 U.S. dollars, as well as funeral expenses of the 1352 U.S. dollars.

In 1994, Japan's compensation program was revised to a spouse into the compensation scheme. The compensation fund by the Government of Japan and co-financed by pharmaceutical companies.

France awarded each additional 410,000 U.S. dollars

In 1989, the French government on grounds of blood products and infection of patients from 5298 to 30,088 U.S. dollars in compensation. At the same time, public solidarity fund - an insurance company specifically for HIV-infected hemophiliacs and their families to set up the fund, according to infection severity of the disease, the patient's age, the loss of income and family circumstances, to provide 5128 to 29,052 U.S. dollars in compensation.

When the evidence that the National Blood Transfusion Center, knowing that blood products may have been contaminated, but the distribution of these products will go extremely indignant public sentiment; At the same time, the face of rising medical costs, these funds can not meet the fundamental needs of the victim, facing France a large number of potential litigation. So France has established a new fund for the victims of a person up to an additional 417,377 U.S. dollars in compensation.

The United States paid 125,000 U.S. dollars a commitment not to prosecute patients

In March 1995, the U.S. House of Representatives submitted a RickyRay Hemophilia Relief Fund Act, which authorized the Government in 1980 to 1987 HIV-infected hemophiliacs and their family members to provide compensation. Lump sum compensation in the amount of 125,000 U.S. dollars, and patients receiving compensation promised not to prosecute the United States Food and Drug Administration. The bill was not until 2000 that sufficient funds will operate. (A quote from Asian Association for "Stones from other hills: the blood supply of international experience in dealing with pollution incidents")

(Editor: Chen Chao-ying)


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Source: online edition of Nanfang Dushi Bao Author: reporter Hai Yang Pengfei Chen Kai Chen
 
 
 
 
 

[ 作者:佚名    转贴自:本站原创    点击数:196    更新时间:2009-7-21    文章录入:nnb ]

 

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