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新京报：“普艾”初见成效，细节仍需努力
2010年12月06日07:41 来源：《新京报》
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| 图示∶2010年12月即将出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构 |
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对于“蚊虫叮咬会传播艾滋病吗”的提问，竟然有将近一半的人不能给出正确答案。这说明，虽然知道血液可以传播艾滋病，但究竟是什么样的血可以导致传播，具体到这些比较具体的知识，很多人还是比较欠缺。
从本期《新京报》“京报调查”的结果看，现在关于传染病的相关知识，已经得到了一定的普及，很多人都知道了艾滋病的三大传播途径是性传播、血液传播及母婴传播，因此，普通的学习生活接触，如一同吃饭、握手等行为不会传染艾滋病。在调查中，有超过90%的被调查者能正确回答出，和艾滋病人一起吃饭不会感染艾滋病，90%以上的人认为正确使用安全套可减少艾滋病传播，可以充分说明关于艾滋病传播的基本常识，已经广为人知。
但是，目前人们对于传播途径的认识，还主要停留在一个表浅的层次。虽然知道血液可以传播艾滋病，但究竟是什么样的血可以导致传播，具体到这些比较具体的知识，很多人还是比较欠缺。因此，尽管是知识较为丰富的大学生们，面对此类问题也较为懵懂。对于“蚊虫叮咬会传播艾滋病吗”的提问，竟然有将近一半的人不能给出正确答案。其实类似的问题还有，用扎过艾滋病人（包括携带者）的针头扎其他人会导致传染吗？很多人也不能正确回答。恐怕以后应该向公众说明，除了输血这种直接的方式，血液还可能通过什么样的方式传播艾滋病。
在艾滋病刚刚出现在我国时，由于它属于性传播疾病，很多人对艾滋病患者有一种鄙视的态度。如今，人们的态度已经有了良好的转变，将他们视为平等的群体，不再歧视。在面对如何对待身边的艾滋病患者的问题时，多数人都选择了“不歧视，交往时注意”的答案。但我们也应该看到，所谓的不歧视，目前更多的还只是停留在理念上，在实际行动中能否做到，还不得而知。
近日《南国今报》报道，广西柳州有一个年仅六岁的艾滋孤儿，不仅村里没人敢和他在一起，就是他最亲近的奶奶，也不肯将他接回家，而是让这孩子一个人孤零零地住在一间漏水的屋子里。今年九月孩子本该上学了，可是一些家长却联名抗议将孩子挡在了校外。
这篇报道至少说明，要想真正做到不歧视艾滋病患者，在我们国家还有很长的路要走。对于无辜的孩子，人们尚且如此，不难想象对于成年人会采取什么态度。人们不能真正和艾滋病人走到一起，其实还是和艾滋病防护知识不足有关，因为和艾滋病人在一起不是吃饭、握手那么单一。很多人担心：假如艾滋病人某处磕破了皮，是否有传染性，人们该如何面对。或者自己某处有了破溃，还能不能接触艾滋病人。特别是一些小的破溃，不易觉察的时候。
因此，对于艾滋病的宣传，不仅要向大家提供一些原则性的知识，更要为公众提供一些更为细节的知识。毕竟，目前的医疗手段，对艾滋病还没有特别有效的手段，人们对艾滋病的防备心理必然强于一般的传染病，要完全消除人们对艾滋病患者的顾虑，没有一些更为完善的相关知识是很难做到的。
□郑山海（医生）
Beijing News: "Pu Yi" initial success, the details still need to
At 7:41 on December 6, 2010 Source: "Beijing News"
For the "mosquito bites do the spread of AIDS," the question, yet there are nearly half of the people can not give the correct answer. This shows that, although know blood can spread AIDS, but what kind of blood can lead to transmission, specific to these more specific knowledge, many people are still quite lacking.
Starting from this issue, "Beijing News" "Beijing newspaper survey" results, is now on the knowledge of infectious diseases, has been a certain amount of popularity, many people are aware of the three major routes of transmission of AIDS is sexually transmitted, blood-borne and mother to child transmission, therefore, the learning of life of ordinary contact, such as with food, such behavior will not shake hands with HIV infection. In the survey, more than 90% of respondents answered correctly out and eat with AIDS will not be infected with HIV, more than 90% of people think that the proper use of condoms can reduce the spread of AIDS could explain a basic knowledge about HIV transmission has been well known.
However, there are people for the transmission of knowledge, but also the main stay in a superficial level. Although that blood can spread AIDS, but what kind of blood can lead to transmission, specific to these more specific knowledge, many people are still quite lacking. Thus, despite abundant knowledge college students, in the face of such problems are more ignorant. For the "mosquito bites do the spread of AIDS," the question, yet there are nearly half of the people can not give the correct answer. In fact, there are similar problems, with the bar of AIDS (including carriers) of the needle bar others will lead to contagious? Many people can not be the right answer. I am afraid that they should explain to the public, in addition to this direct approach transfusion of blood may also be spread through any kind of AIDS.
AIDS has just appeared in my country, because it is sexually transmitted disease, many people with AIDS have a contemptuous attitude. Today, people's attitudes have made a good change in their community as equal, no discrimination. In the face of how to treat AIDS patients around the issue, most people choose a "non-discrimination, contact the attention," the answer. But we should also see that the so-called non-discrimination, more just to stay current in the concept, whether done in action, is still unknown.
Recently, "Southland Today" reported that there is a Liuzhou AIDS orphans as young as six years old, no one would dare not only to the village with him, is his closest grandmother, also refused to take him home, but to make it children all alone living in a leaky house. The children go to school in September, but some parents have a joint protest against the child in the school block.
At least this report shows, in order to truly non-discrimination of AIDS patients, in our country have a long way to go. For the innocent children, people like this, it is easy to imagine the attitude to be taken for adults. One can not really come together and people with AIDS, but it is still a lack of knowledge about AIDS prevention, because people with AIDS are not eating, shaking hands so simple. Many people are worried: if somewhere Kepo the skin of people with AIDS, whether there is infectious, it is the how. Or yourself somewhere with ulceration, but also can not touch people with AIDS. Ulceration, especially some small and difficult to detect in time.
Therefore, AIDS awareness, not only to provide some knowledge of principles, but also to provide the public with some of the more detailed knowledge. After all, the current medical treatment, and AIDS is also not particularly effective means, people are bound to strong psychological preparedness of AIDS infectious diseases in general, to completely eliminate the concerns of people with AIDS, there is no knowledge of some of the more perfect it is difficult to do.
□ Zhengshan Hai (doctor)
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