该技术有望用于癌症及其他传染病的治疗
本报讯艾滋病病毒(HIV)传染已经成为人类健康面临的最严重挑战。很少有艾滋病病人能够被治愈,如今已有3300万人感染了HIV,并且这个数字还在以每年100万递增。
现在,科学家朝着艾滋病的治疗迈出了重要一步。一家英国公司日前研制出可以识别HIV众多伪装,并能够充当“仿生学杀手”的免疫细胞,该公司正在把这项技术从实验室引入对艾滋病病人的临床试验中。
这是全世界首个利用病人细胞携带T细胞受体治疗HIV的研究。牛津大学衍生公司Adaptimmune的研究人员正在探索增加T细胞受体对人体T细胞造成的影响。T细胞是一种血细胞,用来保护人体免于受到感染,通常能够杀灭所有的攻击性细菌。该项研究就是通过识别癌细胞或被感染细胞制造的T细胞受体(TCR)蛋白质,从而将“T细胞治疗”带入下一个阶段,这相当于增强病人自身T细胞抵抗反应的一种方法。
英国科学家与其美国宾夕法尼亚大学合作伙伴进
行的临床试验在开发新的治疗HIV方法方面有着重要意义——这种方法具有减缓甚至是预防艾滋病发作的潜力,而且这个过程还可以用来定位和破坏癌细胞和其他被感染细胞。
研究人员在试验中利用人体自身的能力来识别被感染的细胞。当一个病毒感染细胞时,它会控制宿主细胞的机制,从而进
行复制和传染。
这些被传染的细胞表面就会呈现出一小部分病毒蛋白质,提供一种“分子指纹”(一种抗原决定基)让来自人体免疫系统的杀手T细胞识别。这样一来就会引发免疫反应,消除病毒及其制造过程中所涉及的细胞。HIV不仅自身能够很快地复制传染,而且具有迅速变异的能力——它能够很快将自己的“指纹”伪装起来,从而躲过杀手T细胞。
英国研究人员已经花了10年时间来研究改进TCR识别被感染细胞和癌细胞能力的方法,这个过程涉及到重制天然TCR蛋白质,然后修改其与被感染细胞分子指纹相互捆绑的能力。
在美国科学家的合作下,他们制造并测试了杀手T细胞受体,这些T细胞受体可以识别所有已知HIV用来逃避检测的不同伪装。
科学家把这种受体转移到杀手T细胞上,形成了用遗传手段制造的“仿生学杀手”,从而能够破坏培养液中被HIV感染的细胞。现在,他们将这种独特的技术带入临床试验,这是研究人员首次测试免疫细胞在现实中抵抗HIV的能力。
该公司首席技术主管Bent Jakobsen说:“免疫系统利用T细胞受体来寻找被感染细胞,并引发对这些细胞的清除。HIV造成一种难以处理的挑战,因为它具有通过变异逃脱检测的能力,从而使免疫系统不能使用TCR。”“与来自宾夕法尼亚大学的同事一道,我们已经知道能够利用遗传技术制造出一种T细胞受体,从而利用这种特殊的指纹来识别HIV的已知变种,当被转移到病人细胞中时能够引发更具效力的免疫反应。”他补充说。
据介绍,当前的HIV治疗方法都是基于不同种类的抗逆转录病毒药物的组合,虽然能够成功地将艾滋病的发病推迟几年,但是具有极强的副作用,而且必须每天服用药物。同时药物抗性也是一个日益严重的问题。因此,控制该病的新的有效疗法就显得尤为重要,同时也要考虑成本及药物在世界上最贫困地区的可用性,这些地方也是艾滋病病毒传染最严重的地方。
一旦实验证实了T细胞治疗HIV的安全性和初步效力,研究人员将计划进
行一个连续实验,确定在更大规模病人群体中的效用。英美两国科学家同时计划在2010年开始首个瞄准
癌症制造T细胞的安全研究。
Scientists have developed the first HIV-kill "bionic killer"
At 09:51 on February 24, 2010 Source: "Science Times"
The technology is expected to be used in the treatment of cancer and other infectious diseases
MOSCOW AIDS virus (HIV) infection has become a human health of the most serious challenges. Few AIDS patients can be cured, and now has 33 million people are infected with HIV, and this number is increasing every year 1 million.
Now, scientists have toward the treatment of AIDS has taken an important step. A British company has developed a number of camouflage HIV can be identified and be able to act as a "bionic killer" immune cells, the company is the introduction of this technology from the laboratory to clinical trials in AIDS patients.
This is the world's first use of the patients carrying T-cell receptor cells, HIV treatment research. Oxford University spin-off company Adaptimmune researchers are exploring the increase in T-cell receptor on human T-cell impact. T cells are a kind of blood cells, used to protect the body from infection, can usually kill all the attacking bacteria. The study was cancerous or infected cells by identifying the manufacture of T-cell receptor (TCR) proteins, which will "T-cell therapy" into the next phase, which is equivalent to enhance the patient's own T-cell responses against a method of .
British scientists, University of Pennsylvania and its partners in clinical trials in developing new methods of treatment of HIV is of great significance - this method has slowed down or even preventing the potential onset of AIDS, and this process can also be used to locate and destroy cancer cells and the other infected cells.
The researchers in the experiment using the body's own ability to identify infected cells. When a virus-infected cells, it will control the host cell mechanisms to carry out replication and infection.
These are the surface of infected cells will be showing a small part of the viral proteins, providing a "molecular fingerprint" (a kind of antigenic determinant) for people from the human immune system's killer T cell recognition. This would trigger an immune response to eliminate virus and its manufacturing process involved in the cell. HIV is not only able to quickly copy their own transmission, but also has the ability to mutate rapidly - it can soon be their own "fingerprint" disguised to escape the killer T cells.
British researchers have spent 10 years to study the improvement of TCR recognition of infected cells and cancer cells ability, this process involves the reproduction of natural TCR proteins, and then modify its molecular fingerprint and being infected cells the ability to bundle with each other.
The cooperation of scientists in the United States, they are manufactured and tested a killer T-cell receptor, these T-cell receptor can recognize all known HIV to evade detection of different disguise.
Scientists of this receptor transferred to the killer T cells formed using genetic means to create a "bionic killer", which can destroy the culture medium were HIV-infected cells. Now, they will this unique technology into clinical trials, this is the first time, researchers have tested the immune cells in the real world the ability to resist HIV.
The company's chief technology officer Bent Jakobsen said: "The immune system uses T-cell receptor to find the infected cells and trigger the removal of these cells. HIV create a difficult challenge, because it has managed to escape detection by mutation the ability so that the immune system can not use the TCR. "" with a colleague from the University of Pennsylvania, we already know to take advantage of genetic technologies to create a T-cell receptor, and thus take advantage of this unique fingerprint to identify the known variants of HIV, When transferred to the patient when the cells can trigger an immune response more effective. "he added.
According to reports, the current HIV therapies are based on different types of combinations of antiretroviral drugs, although successful in the incidence of AIDS a few years, but with strong side effects, and needs daily medication. The same time, drug resistance is an increasingly serious problem. Therefore, controlling the disease in new and effective treatments is particularly important, taking into account also the costs and drugs in the world's most poverty-stricken areas of availability, where HIV infection is the most serious areas.
Once the experiment confirmed that T cell therapy for HIV, the safety and preliminary effectiveness of researchers plans to conduct a continuous experiment on a larger scale to determine the effectiveness of the patient groups. At the same time British and American scientists in 2010 began the first manufacture of T cells targeting cancer for Security Studies.