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两新抗体可阻90%艾滋病病毒侵袭
发布时间： 2010-07-10 | 作者：张巍巍
http://www.stdaily.com 2010年07月10日 来源： 科技日报 作者： 张巍巍
这两种抗体有望用于研发更有效的疫苗，阻止艾滋病病毒感染人体细胞。
本报讯（记者 张巍巍）据7月9日（北京时间）《科学》杂志网络版报道，美国科学家发现了两种可有效中和艾滋病病毒的人体抗体，能阻止90%以上已知的艾滋病病毒菌株侵袭人体细胞。这两种抗体可用于研发更有效的艾滋病疫苗，阻止艾滋病病毒感染人体细胞。
美国国家过敏与传染病研究所疫苗研究中心领导的研究小组，借助附着在特定细胞上的新型分子设备，在一位艾滋病病人的血液中发现了VRC01和VRC02两种自然生成的强大抗体，这些抗体比之前发现的抗体具有更强劲的艾滋病病毒菌株中和能力。
研究人员还在VRC01抗体附着于艾滋病病毒时确定了它的原子级结构。这有助于研究小组明确这一抗体的作用机理，并可在抗体附着于病毒时，对其进行准确定位。基于以上发现，研究人员已着手设计能“教授”人体免疫系统产生类似强劲抗体的新型疫苗的成分，用来防止绝大部分艾滋病病毒菌株的感染。
疫苗研究中心主任加里·诺贝尔博士表示：“基于对病毒结构的充分理解，我们能利用分子设备在艾滋病病毒外表精确定位病毒易受攻击的位置，并找到附着在这些薄弱点上、可有效阻止病毒感染健康细胞的抗体。”
事实上，寻找可中和众多艾滋病病毒菌株的单个抗体一直十分困难，这是因为这类病毒能不断改变自身表面的蛋白来“蒙蔽”免疫系统，从而成功入侵人体。但即使如此，科学家仍然确定了艾滋病病毒表面小部分几乎不变的区域，如名为CD4的结合部位。VRC01和VRC02抗体就可附着在稳定的CD4区域内，阻止病毒“搭上”人体免疫细胞，而这也解释了，为什么此两种新抗体能够中和高达90%的艾滋病病毒菌株。
领导这一研究的彼得·邝博士表示，VRC01抗体不会附着于人体细胞之上，并在免疫系统的进化中消失，抗体最终将产生可识别病原体特定部位的B淋巴细胞，并在变异、成熟后，更稳固地附着于病原体之上。这一发现将有望打破长久以来阻碍基于抗体的艾滋病疫苗的设计局限。
总编辑圈点：
研制艾滋病疫苗近30年的漫漫长夜曾让那么多世界顶尖级科学家几乎绝望。只是在最近不到一年时间里，沉闷的局面才有了转机。去年9月，美国和泰国研究人员宣布获得世界上第一种具有一定免疫效果的艾滋病疫苗，实现了免疫效果从无到有的跨越。今年3月，中国科技部也传来艾滋病疫苗研究取得阶段性进展的喜讯。今天，我们再向读者推介美国科学家发现的这两种具有广谱中和能力的抗体，无疑会进一步驱散人类在艾滋病疫苗研究领域长期踯躅不前的阴霾。
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Two new antibodies can block 90% of the AIDS virus attacks
Published: 2010-07-10 | author: Zhang Weiwei
http://www.stdaily.com 2010 年 07 月 10 First Stage: Journal of Science and Technology: Zhang Weiwei
These two antibodies may be useful for developing more effective vaccines to prevent HIV infection in human cells.
(Reporter Zhang Weiwei), according to July 9 (Beijing Time) "Science" magazine online edition reported that two American scientists have discovered an effective AIDS virus in the human antibody, can prevent over 90% of known AIDS virus strains of the invasion of human cells. These two antibodies can be used to develop more effective AIDS vaccine to prevent HIV infection of human cells.
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Vaccine Research Center led the research team attached to the specific cells with a new type of molecular device, in an AIDS patient's blood found VRC01 and VRC02 two powerful naturally occurring antibodies, these antibodies than previously found in antibodies with a more robust and capacity of HIV strains.
The researchers also VRC01 antibody attached to AIDS virus to determine its atomic structure. This will help the team clear the mechanism of this antibody, the antibody can be attached to the virus, its accurate positioning. Based on these findings, researchers have embarked on the design can "teach" the immune system to produce antibodies similar to the strong element of the new vaccine, to prevent the vast majority of strains of HIV infection.
Vaccine Research Center Director Dr. Gary Nobel, said: "Based on the full understanding of the virus structure, molecular devices that we can look at the precise location of HIV virus vulnerable position, and find the weak points attached, which can effectively prevent virus antibodies of healthy cells. "
In fact, looking for and many HIV strains in a single antibody has been very difficult because these viruses can constantly change their surface proteins to "hoodwink" the immune system to successfully invade the body. Even so, scientists have identified the AIDS virus is still a small part of the nearly constant surface area, such as the binding site, called CD4. VRC01 and VRC02 antibody can be attached to the stability of CD4 in the region, prevent the virus "jumped on the" human immune cells, which explains why these two new antibody can neutralize up to 90% of HIV strains.
Led the study, said Dr. Peter Kwong, VRC01 antibody will attach to human cells above, and immune system evolution in the disappearance of antibodies could identify pathogens will eventually generate a specific part of the B lymphocytes, and in the variation, mature , the more firmly attached to the above pathogens. The discovery is expected to break the long-standing obstruction of the AIDS vaccine based on antibody design limitations.
Editor punctuate:
Development of AIDS vaccine for nearly 30 years long night gave its so much despair the world's top scientists. Only in the last less than a year, only a turn for the better boring situation. Last year in September, researchers announced that the United States and Thailand was the world's first effect of certain immune AIDS vaccine, the immune effect from scratch to achieve a leap. This year in March, the Chinese Ministry of Science and also heard of AIDS vaccine research made progress, the good news. Today, we again introduce the reader found the two American scientists with broad-spectrum and the ability of antibodies will no doubt be further dispersed by man in the field of AIDS vaccine research is not long before wandering clouds.
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