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艾滋病防治——五大成就 三大挑战
2010年09月21日 07:47:36 来源： 人民日报
自2003年以来，中国政府在艾滋病防治方面采取积极措施，出台了“四免一关怀”政策，颁布了《艾滋病防治条例》，制定了《中国遏制与防治艾滋病行动计划（2006—2010年）》（以下简称《行动计划》）等一系列政策，加强了疫情监测，全面开展了免费抗病毒治疗、预防母婴传播、自愿咨询检测服务，积极推广使用安全套、开展美沙酮维持治疗和清洁针具交换等干预措施，中国的艾滋病防治工作取得了以下显著的成就：
①：形成了政府组织领导、部门各负其责、全社会共同参与的防治工作机制。
②：艾滋病疫情快速上升势头得到初步遏制。
③：抗病毒治疗成效明显。自2003年启动全国免费抗病毒治疗措施以来，病人救治取得了令人瞩目的效果，到2009年底，中国抗病毒治疗人数超过8万人。艾滋病人死亡率从治疗前27—30人死亡/100人年，下降到治疗6个月以后的4—5人死亡/100人年，大大降低了病人的死亡率，提高了病人的生存质量。
④：美沙酮维持治疗起到了促进社会和谐的平台作用。我国自2004年启动了针对吸毒人群的社区美沙酮维持治疗措施，至2010年6月底，社区药物维持治疗试点门诊（美沙酮门诊）扩展至688家，累计治疗吸毒成瘾者26万人。
⑤：艾滋病疫情发现能力大幅提升。中国已经建立了艾滋病确证实验室318个, 筛查实验室8306个，覆盖了全国90%以上的县区；设立自愿咨询检测点7335个；建立了病例报告、哨点监测和专题流行病学调查3部分组成的艾滋病疫情监测系统。2010年，设立疫情监测哨点1888个，覆盖8类艾滋病相关的监测人群。
同时，中国的艾滋病防治工作仍面临巨大挑战：①：由于艾滋病的特殊性和严重社会歧视，很多感染者尚没有被检测发现出来或因为发现迟而错过了治疗的大好时机；②：随着艾滋病传播途径转变为以性传播为主、传播模式多样化，使得防治工作变得更加复杂、更加困难；③：抗病毒治疗药品国产品种有限，主要抗病毒药物和儿童药物依赖进口和捐赠，增加了抗病毒治疗工作的难度和风险，并且随着治疗时间的延长，由于药物品种、经费、人员和检测能力的限制，耐药和二线药物治疗尚存在很大困难。
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AIDS - three challenges five achievement
September 21, 2010 07:47:36 Source: People's Daily
Since 2003, the Chinese government has taken active measures to combat AIDS, introduced the "Four Frees and One Care" policy, issued the "AIDS Prevention Act" and formulated the "China Plan of Action to contain and control of AIDS (2006-2010)" (the "Action Plan") and a series of policies to strengthen the surveillance, conducted a comprehensive free anti-virus treatment, prevention of mother to child transmission, voluntary counseling and testing services, and actively promote the use of condoms, methadone maintenance treatment and to carry out needle exchange and other intervention measures, China's AIDS prevention and control has made the following significant achievements:
①: the formation of a government organization and leadership, the tasks of the whole society to participate in the prevention and control mechanisms.
②: rapid upward trend of the AIDS epidemic has been initially contain.
③: effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy significantly. Since the country launched in 2003 since free anti-virus treatments, the patient made remarkable treatment effect, the end of 2009, the number of antiretroviral therapy in China more than 8 million people. AIDS mortality rate from 27-30 people were killed before treatment / 100 person-years, compared to 6 months after treatment died 4-5 / 100 person-years, significantly reducing the mortality rate of patients and improve patient quality of life.
④: Methadone maintenance treatment has played a role in promoting social harmony in the platform. Since 2004, China launched a community for drug users methadone maintenance treatment measures, to the end of June 2010, the Community Drug maintenance treatment pilot clinics (methadone) extended to 688, the cumulative 26 million to treat drug addicts.
⑤: AIDS epidemic found that a substantial ability to upgrade. China has established 318 laboratory confirmed AIDS, screening laboratories 8306, covering more than 90% of the county; the establishment of voluntary counseling and testing points, 7335; established a case report of a sentinel surveillance and epidemiological investigations topic 3 components of the AIDS epidemic monitoring system. 2010, the establishment of sentinel surveillance 1888, covering eight categories of AIDS-related monitoring of the crowd.
Meanwhile, China's AIDS prevention work still faces great challenges: ①: the special nature of AIDS and serious social discrimination, many infected people still have not been detected or because it was found out late and missed the golden opportunity of treatment; ②: With AIDS transmission of sexual transmitted into the main mode of transmission diversity, making prevention and treatment become more complex, more difficult; ③: anti-viral treatment drugs limited domestic varieties, the main antiviral drugs and dependence on imports and donations of medicines for children, an increase of the difficulty of the work of antiretroviral therapy and risk, and with the time of treatment, because of drug species, funding, personnel and testing capacity constraints, resistance and second-line drug therapy, there are still great difficulties.
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