·“阴性艾滋病”谣言风波传言面之广、影响力之大是继江苏“响水谣言”之后另一个典型的谣言型舆情案例。
·在传播过程中出现了泾渭分明的两条传播途径。
·有关部门针对同样的问题进行多次答复看出重视与应对勇气。
·合理利用权威是此次危机应对的亮点。
一、事件概述：
2011年5月6日，钟南山院士在广州市医学院附属第一医院召开新闻发布会，公布针对60名“阴滋病患者”的研究结果。60名“患者”中，48人病原体检测呈阳性，33人检出EB病毒，12人检出沙眼衣原体(CT)，7人检出淋球菌，8人检出巨细胞病毒，未发现艾滋病毒，未发现未知病毒。检测结果与卫生部基本相同。钟南山院士强调：“阴滋病”说法并不准确，建议取消。所谓的“未知病毒”大部分为EB病毒(人类疱疹病毒4型)，非常常见，公众的兴趣集中在“未知病毒”的探寻，而非疾病本身的治疗，恐慌被放大。该结果在卫生部５月１０日召开的卫生部发布会中得到认可。
该事件发自半年前，香港东方日报撰文称“「惊世病毒」杀入香港！内地近年爆发一种被称为「阴性艾滋病」（简称「阴滋病」）的神秘病毒，感染途径与艾滋病相似。”首度提及“阴性艾滋病”这一词汇，该谣言被网络放大引发了社会恐慌。卫生部针对此谣言及时进行了有针对性的研究与辟谣。
截至今日沸沸扬扬传言落下帷幕，从年后阴性艾滋病传言传出至今，卫生部已经于2011年4月05号与2011年5月10日正式回应了两次，此次回应为第二次回应借助了钟南山院士的研究报告有很高的可信度和权威性，“阴性艾滋病”事件舆论暂时落下帷幕。
二、媒体关注度走势
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| "阴性艾滋病"事件媒体报道与社区相关话题数量趋势图 |
“阴性艾滋病”事件在传播过程中出现了泾渭分明的两条传播途径：一是以新闻为主的辟谣传播路径，凸显为新闻稿在政府应对的过程中出现发稿数量的高峰和低谷；二是以社区为主的讨论性传播路径，显现出网友对艾滋病话题和对生命健康的关注，呈现出社区特有的传播曲线。
从图中我们可以看到，针对“阴性艾滋病”的话题关注度中有两次传播高峰，一次是在2011年4月6~8日，一次是在2011年5月6~11日。这其中看出了在此次事件中政府的官方应对直接提升了事件的关注度，但是从话题的关注我们依旧看到了“两个舆论场”的存在。即一个是主流媒体着力营造的“媒体舆论场”；一个是人民群众议论纷纷的“口头舆论场”。社区类的话题探讨拖了政府官方回应的“后腿”。从舆情角度看到虽然政府在４月６日正式辟谣，但是在网络社区中质疑声音高涨，一度淹没了政府的官方声音。但在步入５月之后，随着钟南山院士报告的发布，网络社区的关注度随即转正，开始相信辟谣的声音，钟南山院士所起到的正面舆情引导的“名人效应”功不可没。
三、政府应对过程研究
“阴性艾滋病”事件政府应对过程研究
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| "阴性艾滋病"事件政府应对过程研究 |
此次事件过程中我们看到在“两个舆论场”的影响之下政府的危机应对过程显得较为“漫长”虽然在起始阶段卫生部门介入较早，但是没有当时公布事件缘由，而是才用了“血液样本送美国检测”的应对手段，在态度上得到了网民的认可。
在此期间，网络社区中关于“阴性艾滋”的关注则甚嚣尘上，部分网友针对香港报纸的内容进行了大量的转帖，导致了传播面的不断扩大，传统媒体几则“市民怀疑患上阴性艾滋”的新闻也不断“佐证”网络传言，政府部门辟谣压力增大。
2011年4月5日，随着美国针对中国送检血液样本的报告出炉，卫生部召开例行发布会专门针对“阴性艾滋病”事件答记者问进行辟谣。网友关注也随之提升，但是限于政府公信力不足与微博等互动媒体的强力介入此次卫生部辟谣效果大打折扣。
进入2011年5月，钟南山院士针对“阴性艾滋病”事件召开新闻发布会，公布针对60名“阴滋病患者”的研究结果，证实“阴性艾滋病”不存在。5月10日，卫生部召开新闻发布会，在答记者问中再次回应了此传言并肯定了钟南山院士的研究结果。经过此阶段辟谣效果得到明显显现，舆情逐渐转正、谣言数量减少，“阴性艾滋病”传言逐渐平息。
四、网友观点倾向性分析
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| "阴性艾滋病"事件网友评论归类（抽样：197条） |
“阴性艾滋病”事件网友评论归类（抽样：197条）
保护健康，保持关注 34%
搜狐网网友：我们和艾滋病好像比较遥远，无论从哪种传播途径来看都没有染上的可能，出现这种说法还是挺让人恐惧的，希望能查清真相。
人民网网友：艾滋病是世界难症，出现这样的说法确实让人恐惧。但是没有证实真假，还是抱着观望的态度吧。最核心的问题还是要关爱健康，拒绝不检点的行为。
半信半疑，希望证实 24%
网易网网友：我看到这个说法的时候就觉得后背有一股凉气，这简直就是一个“杀手”。这会让很多人死的不明不白的，而且可以解释很多疑难杂症。
腾讯网网友：我还是宁愿相信这是真的，也很迫切的想知道能不能研究出来检测的办法，很纠结啊，我曾经有过高危行为。
希望政府能出面解释 21%
新华网网友：政府的出面应对是解释这个事件最有力的武器，希望政府能从容应对这个问题，一定要实事求是，不管是真是假要让我们明白我们身处的环境是多么的危险。
央视网网友：卫生部门的监测是有漏洞的，能出现此类艾滋病说明了艾滋病出现了变异。卫生部门应该重视，这很可能会是灭绝人类的最大因素。
质疑官方的权威回应 14%
腾讯网网友：我看了卫生部的发布会了，针对这个问题卫生部没有过多的细节解释，不是很理解政府部门是如何抽样的？能不能公布细节？
人民网网友：政府公信力缺失的今天，我们也不能完全相信钟南山的报告，希望政府部门能深入查下去，不能就这么过去了。
肯定传言的真实性 7%
南方网网友：这事肯定是真的了。我看到网上的新闻说有人已经疑似得了这种疾病了，而且没有治愈的可能，看样这事是真的。
中新网网友：看了这个新闻我的压力很大啊，我宁愿相信这件事是真的，要不怎么会有那么多查不出来的病在近些年不断出现。
五、媒体评论摘要
钟南山院士指出“自述阴性艾滋病非单纯精神因素所致”，这也反证了精神因素的客观存在，当然包括生活环境对病人的影响，目前，我们却没有为艾滋病患者创造相对宽松的生存环境，谈“艾”色变的情况十分普遍，没有显著改观。有媒体曾披露，中央各部门及地方各级政府制定的有关艾滋病防治法律、法规、规章等总共有300多部，但这些法规很多是计划经济思维下出台的，它们中的许多条文强调对艾滋病患者的严格管理，为艾滋病患者设置了种种不合理的义务，这些制度直接或间接地造成了对艾滋病患者的歧视，这也是恐惧产生的重要推手。（据《时代周报》，作者：李千帆）
所谓的“阴性艾滋病”之所以引起人们的恐慌，一在于艾滋病的高传播性与不可治愈；二在于卫生等部门处理相关信息不透明、不及时。“阴性艾滋”并不是一个“新生事物”。在百度里输入“阴性艾滋”，瞬间可获得200多万个相关网页。卫生部新闻发言人邓海华也坦言：“阴性艾滋病”在网上已经炒了好几年了！“阴性艾滋”存在数年，显然已经成为一种捂出来的“病毒”，希望能把相关道理尽可能详尽地告诉公众，以打消大家的顾虑， 只有将真相尽快公之于众，才是消除恐慌、制止谣言的唯一手段。（据《新民晚报》，作者：刘鹏）
中科院上海巴斯德病毒研究所医学事务主管莫筱卫博士，对5名上海的自述病人进行了抽血检测。“用一年时间，在5人血样中发现了同一种病毒，且这种病毒的序列结构目前还不清楚”。尽管这家机构“没有对未知传染病研究和认定资质”，还是希望疾控中心能重视其研究结果，彻底排查新型病毒存在的可能性，这才是负责任的态度；也希望这些深陷于“病痛”折磨的公民能够得到更多的关爱和救治，因为，“他们”和“我们”之间，并无固定的分野。（据《大洋网》，作者：蔡英元）
阴性艾滋病并不是艾滋病，因为患者血液里没有艾滋病毒，这是铁定的事实，当今的艾滋病病毒检验方法非常准确，值得信赖，因此，患者大可不必担心。科学面前，这是最有力的证据。谣言止于智者。对阴性艾滋病恐惧，从某种程度上说，已经变成了一个变相的谣言。作为普通人，我们可能无法克服一时的恐惧，但“恐艾症”这种瘟疫，我们却是有办法预防的，那就是相信科学。相信科学，让对阴性艾滋病的恐惧止于心。（据《东方今报》，作者：周晓波）
六、舆情应对点评
此次“阴性艾滋病”谣言风波传言面之广、影响力之大是继续江苏“响水谣言”之后另一个典型的谣言型舆情案例。此事件在应对的时效性上、应对的手段上均有成熟和过人之处，以卫生部为代表的中国政府官方舆情应对话语体系已经逐渐形成，在舆情事件的应对上已经卓见成效。但是不可置否的是面对中国现今复杂的现实状况，由不同传媒形态形成的“两个舆论场”等问题逐渐凸显从一定程度上影响了政府危机应对的效果。
在香港报纸公开报道后，政府有关部门及时预感到了其危害性并进行了表态，但并未进行真假判断，以“送交美国检测”进行了初步答复，暂时平抑了舆情。在4月6日卫生部举行新闻发布会之后舆情再次高涨，卫生部即进行了第二次回应，取得了比较好的效果。从以往的政府危机应对方式上我们可以看到政府部门往往比较畏惧对同一个问题的多次答复，卫生部针对同样的问题进行的两次答复看出其对问题的重视程度与应对勇气。
合理利用权威是此次危机应对的亮点。危机应对中合理利用“专家”、“权威”具有比较好的效果，但是近些年来此方式应用较滥，甚至专家被冠以“砖家”的外号，凸显了国内信用缺失、专家学者道德滑坡的社会现实。在此次卫生部的辟谣中巧妙“利用”了钟南山院士，并以研究报告的形式发布辟谣信息具有良好的效果。此次事件中钟南山院士的适时出现并权威解读艾滋舆情是谣言得以平息的重要环节，卫生部的巧妙应用有力地推动了谣言的消散。
总而言之，“卫生系统无小事”，在舆情应对中卫生部门相比较具有较大的舆情压力。此次舆情应对过程较长、也存在着两个舆论场各说各话的现象，但是结果是好的，民众的情绪得到了安抚，也未出现明显的社会恐慌，是一次比较优秀的舆情应对过程。卫生部门应该在总结谣言应对经验的基础上加强官民对话，在“说真话”的同时也要“塑美型”，努力提升政府公信力。（作者为人民网舆情监测室舆情分析师）
艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复
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| 图示∶2010年12月即将出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构 |
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"HIV negative" public opinion of the event
HU Rui Pang
At 14:02 on May 12, 2011 Source: People's Network
* "HIV negative" rumors rumors surface disturbance and broad is the second great influence in Jiangsu "water ring rumors" after rumors of another typical type of public opinion case.
* Appeared in the dissemination process of the two entirely different routes of transmission.
* Authorities several times for the same problem and deal with the courage to reply to see the importance.
* Rational use of authority is the highlight of the crisis response.
First, the event overview:
May 6 2011, academician Zhong Nanshan, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College held a news conference to announce for the 60 "negative AIDS patients," the research results. 60 "patients", the 48 people tested positive for pathogens, 33 were detected in EB virus, 12 were detected in Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), 7 were detected in N. gonorrhoeae, the detection of CMV 8 was not found HIV, the virus is not found in the unknown. Test results with the Ministry of Health basically the same. Academician Zhong Nanshan, stressed: "HIV negative" was not accurate, it is recommended to cancel. The so-called "unknown virus" most of EB virus (human herpes virus 4), very common, public interest focused on the "unknown virus" in the search for, rather than treating the disease itself, fear is magnified. The results of the Ministry of Health, held May 10 in recognition of the Ministry of Health conference.
From the bottom of the incident six months ago, the Hong Kong Oriental Daily News wrote that "" stunning virus "reached Hong Kong! The outbreak of the Mainland in recent years, called "negative AIDS" (referred to as "HIV negative"), the mysterious virus, and AIDS infection similar way. "First reference to" negative AIDS, "the word, the rumor was sparked social panic enlarge the network. Ministry of Health carried out in time for the rumors of targeted research and rumor.
Swirling rumors came to an end as of today, from the years after the negative rumors spread of AIDS since the Ministry of Health has in the April 5, 2011 and May 10, 2011 formal response to the two, the response for the second response with the Academician Zhong Nanshan, a study has high credibility and authority, "HIV negative" media event came to an end temporarily.
Second, media attention, the trend
"HIV negative" event media coverage and the number of community trends related topics
"HIV negative" event occurred in the dissemination process of the two entirely different routes of transmission: first, the rumor spread of news-oriented path, highlighting the government for the release occurred during the response to the number of peaks and valleys of press; the second is community-based discussion of the propagation path, showing users topic of AIDS and health concerns of life, showing the spread of community-specific curve.
From the figure we can see, the "negative AIDS" in the subject of concern about the spread of the peak twice, once in April 2011 6 to 8, one in May 2011 6 to 11 days. Which saw in this incident should directly improve the government's official concern about the incident, but the attention from the topic we still see the "two public opinion field" exists. One is that the mainstream media strive to create a "media opinion field"; one is talking about the people "verbal opinion field." The topic of community-class drag official government response to the "legs." From the perspective of public opinion that although the Government officially on April 6 in the rumor, but questioned in online communities, high voice, once flooded the government's official voice. But after moving into May, with the release of the report Academician Zhong Nanshan, online communities, attention immediately turned positive, the voice began to believe the rumor, played by Academician Zhong Nanshan, a positive public opinion to guide the "celebrity effect" contributed.
Third, the process of government should
"HIV negative" event that the Government should study the process of
"HIV negative" event that the Government should study the process of
The course of this incident we see "two media field" under the influence of the government's crisis response process seems to be rather "long" Although the health sector at the initial stage of early intervention, but did not announce the incident was the reason, but only with the "testing blood samples sent to the United States," the deal means Internet users in attitude has been recognized.
In the meantime, online communities, on the "HIV negative" concern is rampant, some friends for the content of the Hong Kong newspapers have done a lot of reprint, led to the spread surface of the continuous expansion of traditional media Ikunori "people suspected of suffering from HIV-negative "The news has been" supporting "network rumor, rumor government pressure.
April 5, 2011, with the United States against China, released the report of blood samples for inspection, the Ministry of Health held a regular press conference specifically for the "negative AIDS" event A reporter asked the rumor. User concerns are increasing, but the lack of credibility and limited to government and other interactive media microblogging strong involvement of the Ministry of Health, the rumor affect.
Into May 2011, Zhong Nanshan, Academician for the "negative AIDS" event held a news conference to announce for the 60 "negative AIDS patients," the study proved that "negative AIDS" does not exist. May 10, the Ministry of Health held a press conference, answering a reporter's question again in response to the rumors and confirmed the findings of academician Zhong Nanshan. After this stage was apparent effect has been rumor, public opinion gradually turned positive, reduce the number of rumors, "HIV negative" rumors subsided.
Fourth, bias point of view of users
"HIV negative" event User Reviews classification (sample: 197)
"HIV negative" event User Reviews classification (sample: 197)
Protecting health, maintaining 34% interest
Sohu users: We seem more distant and AIDS, no matter what kind of transmission from the point of view the possibility of not infected, there is still very feared this statement, and hope to find out the truth.
Network User: AIDS is a disease the world is difficult, there is indeed feared that argument. But not confirmed true or false, or with a wait and see attitude now. The core of the problem or to health care, refused to indecent behavior.
Doubtful, 24% wish to confirm
NetEase net friends: When I saw this statement to find the existence of a cold lump in the back, which is simply a "killer." This will make many people died in unclear, and could explain many diseases.
Tencent friends: I still prefer to believe this is true, is also very eager to know if I can come up detection methods, it is entangled, ah, I have had high-risk behavior.
Hope the Government can come forward to explain the 21%
Xinhua users: The Government's response is to explain the incident come forward to the most powerful weapon, hoping that the Government can calmly deal with this problem, we must seek truth from facts, whether true or false to let us know how we are living in dangerous environments.
CCTV network users: the health sector monitoring is flawed, and can arise in AIDS, AIDS appeared that variation. Should attach importance to the health sector, which is likely to be the biggest factor in the extinction of mankind.
Questioned the authority of the official response to 14%
Tencent friends: I watched the press conference the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Health did not address this problem explain the details too much, not quite understand how the sample of government departments? Details can not be made public?
Network User: lack of credibility of the government today, we can not fully believe the report of Zhong Nanshan, hope the government will continue to in-depth investigation, can not just passed.
7% of the authenticity of certain rumors
Nanfang Wang users: this is certainly true. I saw the news online that some people have got the disease was suspected, and there is no chance of a cure, look like this is true.
WASHINGTON friends: I watched the news a lot of pressure, ah, I prefer to believe it is true, or else how would there be so much hidden from emerging diseases in recent years.
V. Summary of the media comments
Academician Zhong Nanshan said "Read the negative psychological factors alone due to non-AIDS", which also disprove the objective existence of mental factors, including of course the impact of living environment for patients, at present, we do not create a relatively relaxed for AIDS patients living environment, On the "AI" pale is quite common, there was no significant difference. Some media have been disclosed, the central departments and local governments to develop laws on AIDS prevention and control, regulations, rules, etc. There are more than 300, but many of these regulations promulgated under the planned economic thinking, which many of the provisions of emphasis on AIDS strict management of patients, for AIDS patients set unreasonable obligations, these systems caused directly or indirectly, discrimination against AIDS patients, which is an important promoter of fear. (According to "Die Zeit", the author: Li Qianfan)
The so-called "negative AIDS" was aroused people's fears, a high spread of AIDS is not curable with; two other departments that deal with health related information transparent and timely fashion. "HIV negative" is not a "new thing." In Baidu, enter "HIV negative", and instantly receive more than 200 million related pages. Health Ministry spokesman Deng Haihua, admits: "HIV negative" on the Internet has been speculation for several years! "HIV negative" existence for several years, apparently has become a cover out of the "virus" in the hope that the relevant reason to tell the public as full as possible, to dispel our concerns, and only the truth as soon as possible will be made public, is the elimination of panic, stop the only means of rumors. (According to "Xinmin Evening News", the author: Liu Peng)
Virus Research Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Medical Affairs director Dr. Mo Xiaowei, the readme on the five patients were in Shanghai blood test. "With one year of the 5 found in human blood with a virus, and the sequence structure of the virus is unclear." While the agency "did not identify the unknown infectious disease research and qualification," or want the CDC to focus on its findings, a thorough investigation and the possibility of the existence of new viruses, this is a responsible attitude; also hope that these deep in the " illness, "tortured citizens can get more care and treatment, because" they "and" us "between, there is no fixed dividing line. (According to "Dayang", author: Tsai Ying-yuan)
Negative AIDS is not AIDS, because there is no blood in patients with HIV, this is an ironclad fact, today's HIV testing method is very accurate and reliable, so patients need not worry. Scientific front, this is the most powerful evidence. Rumors stop at wise. Fear of negative AIDS, to some extent, has become a disguised form of rumor. As ordinary people, we may be unable to overcome the fear of the moment, but the "fear of AIDS disease" this plague, we are there is a way of prevention, that is, believe in science. Believe in science, so that the fear of negative AIDS stops the heart. (According to "the East this newspaper", the author: Zhou Xiaobo)
Sixth, public opinion should Comments
The "negative AIDS" rumors rumors surface of the wide storm, the power of the Jiangsu Province is to continue to "ring for water rumors" after rumors of another typical type of public opinion case. This event on the timeliness of response, response to the means of both mature and superior to others, the Ministry of Health on behalf of the Chinese government's official discourse of public opinion should have been gradually formed, in response to public opinion, the event has been fruitful result. It is true, but not the face of today's complex realities of China, formed by the different media forms, "the two media field" and other issues highlighted a certain extent, the gradual impact of the government crisis response effect.
Publicly reported in the Hong Kong newspaper, the cry from the relevant government departments in a timely manner and make a statement and its harmful consequences, but not the true and false judgments, to "to the U.S. test" conducted a preliminary response, temporarily stabilize the public opinion. In the April 6 Ministry of Health held a press conference after the rise again, public opinion, the Ministry of Health conducted a second response that is achieved relatively good results. Crisis response from the previous government the way we can see the fear of government departments tend to be repeated the same answer a question, the Ministry of Health for the same answer two questions to see its emphasis on the problem and deal with courage.
Rational use of authority is the highlight of the crisis response. Crisis response in the rational use of "experts" and "authority" has a good effect, but in recent years than the indiscriminate application of this approach, and even experts known as the "Brick House" nickname, highlights the lack of domestic credit, ethics experts Landslide's social reality. The rumor in the Ministry of Health in the clever "use" the academician Zhong Nanshan, and to study the information in the form of published rumor has a good effect. Academician Zhong Nanshan, the incident occurred in a timely manner and authority of the interpretation of HIV to quell rumors of public opinion is an important part of the ingenious application of the Ministry of Health has effectively promoted rumors dissipated.
In short, "The health system is no small matter," in response to public opinion in the health sector compared with the larger public opinion pressure. The long process of public opinion should, there are two public fields each side of the phenomenon, but the results are good, the public mood was calm, but also no obvious social panic, public opinion is a rather good deal process. In conclusion, the health sector should respond based on experience rumor to strengthen Government and the public dialogue, "telling the truth" while also "plastic beauty type", and strive to enhance the credibility of the Government. (The author is a People's Network public opinion, public opinion analyst monitoring room)
