非谓语动词是高考的重点和热点，也是我们英语学习中的难点之一。本文就怎样学好非谓语动词提出以下建议：

　　一、 掌握基础知识

　　1. 熟悉动词不定式、现在分词和动名词、过去分词的句式功能。

　　2. 熟记非谓语动词的变化形式及其意义（见下表）。

　　二、 突破重点难点

　　（一） 辨别谓语与非谓语：注意分析句子结构

　　例1 The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ________ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.

　　A. being weighed B. weighs

　　C.weighed D. weighing

　　解析 容易将其当成谓语看待而误选B或C。“under the age of four and________ less than 40 pounds”用作children的定语，动词weigh与名词children是主动关系，所以选择weighing。

　　例2________ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.

　　A. Giving B. Give

　　C. Given D. To give

　　解析 如果不注意分析句子结构，可能会误选A或C。这是“祈使句+and+陈述句”的句型，故答案是B。

　　（二） 非谓语作主语、宾语的重点

　　1. 用不定式还是用动名词作宾语有特殊规定

　　例3 I don’t want ________like I’m speaking ill of anybody， but the manager’s plan is unfair.

　　A. to sound B. to be sounded

　　C. sounding D. to have sounded

　　解析 want后要跟动词不定式作宾语，sound是连系动词，不用被动式，与谓语动词没有时间的先后，故不可用它的完成式，因此答案选A。

　　注意 与want用法类似的有help， hope， ask， refuse， decide， promise， wish， pretend等。

　　例4 It is difficult to imagine his________the decision without any consideration.

　　A. accept B. accepting

　　C. to accept D. accepted

　　解析 imagine要求用动名词作宾语，答案是B。

　　注意 与imagine类似的词汇词组有suggest， risk， devote oneself to等。

　　2. 用不定式还是用动名词作宾语意义不同

　　例5 In some parts of London， missing a bus means ________ for another hour.

　　A. waiting B. to wait

　　C. wait D. to be waiting

　　解析 此题意为“在英国的一些地方，如果错过了公交车就意味着再等一个小时”。mean doing sth.“意味着什么”，mean to do sth. “试图/打算做什么”。答案选择A。

　　注意 类似的知识点如remember doing/to do， try doing/to do等。

　　3. 有些动词后要用“疑问词+不定式”结构作复合宾语

　　例6 It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________.

　　A. it what to do with

　　B. what to do it with

　　C. what to do with it

　　D. to do what with it

　　解析 本题考查“疑问词+不定式”结构和动词短语 do with 的用法。答案是C。

　　（三） 非谓语作宾语补足语的重点

　　1. 理解下表中所列的关系

　　例7 Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues ________ with her stories.

　　A. amused B. amusing

　　C. to amuse D. to be amused

　　解析 A 过去分词作宾语补足语，与它所修饰的her colleagues存在被动关系，（be）amused with...

　　以……被逗乐。

　　例8 An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered ________ clear warnings before firing any shots.

　　A. to issue B. being issued

　　C. to have issued D. to be issued

　　解析 A order sb. to do sth.的被动形式为be ordered to do sth.。句子没有强调动作对现在造成的影响，不必用完成时态。

　　2. 几个特别的结构

　　① have+宾语+do/doing/done

　　② get+宾语+to do/doing/done

　　例9 Alexander tried to get his work ________ in the medical circles.

　　A. to recognize B. recognizing

　　C. recognize D. recognized

　　解析 D 考查非谓语动词用法。宾语work和recognize之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。get sth. done=have sth. done。

　　（四） 非谓语作定语的重点

　　1. 不定式与分词作后置定语的区别主要表现在时态或语态上

　　例10 The British are proud of the 30th Olympic Games ________in London in 2012.

　　A. hold B. holding

　　C. held D. to be held

　　例11 Mrs. White showed her student some old maps ________from the library.

　　A. to borrow B. to be borrowed

　　C. borrowed D. borrowing

　　解析 非谓语动词作后置定语有三种情况：to be done将要（被）做，done已经（被）做了，being done正在（被）做。故例1选D，例2选C。

　　2. 动词不定式后的介词不能丢

　　例12 When I handed the report to John， he said that George was the person ________ .

 

A. to send B. for sending it

　　C. to send it to D. for sending it to

　　解析 该题中须用不定式短语作后置定语，排除B和D； A选项中，没有to就意味着是把George 这个人打发走。本句意思是将该报告送给George， it 指这个报告，因此to不能少。答案选C。

　　（五） 非谓语作状语的重点

　　1. too ...to ...， enough to ...， only to ...等结构表示结果

　　例13 The news reporters hurried to the airport， only ________ the film stars had left.

　　A. to tell B. to be told

　　C. telling D. told

　　解析 动词不定式与 only 连用表示未曾预料的结果，记者们又是“被告之”。故答案为B。

　　2. 作方式或伴随状语时，用过去分词表示被动，用现在分词表示主动

　　例14 Whenever asked why he was late for class， he would answer carelessly， always

　　the same thing.

　　A. saying B. said

　　C. to say D. having said

　　解析 句子主语和动词say存在逻辑上的主动关系，且现在分词所表示的动作与句子谓语所表示的动作同时发生，用现在分词短语作伴随状语。答案选A。

　　例15________and happy， Tony stood up and accepted the prize.

　　A. Surprising B. Surprised

　　C. Being surprised D. To be surprising

　　解析 过去分词与形容词构成短语作伴随状语表示状态。答案选B。

　　3. 分词（短语）作状语的附着规则

　　使用分词（短语）作句子状语时，必须遵守一条规则：分词（短语）的逻辑主语应当与句子的主语一致。已经成为固定用法的除外，如：judging from/by， considering，providing/provided/supposing that等。

　　例________ from the top of the tower， the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.

　　A. Seen B. Seeing

　　C. Have seen D. To see

　　解析 此处是非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语“the south foot of the mountain”，非谓语动词see与逻辑主语是被动关系，用被动语态。答案是A。

　　对比：Seeing from the top of the tower，we find the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.

　　4. 独立主语结构和with复合结构

　　独立主语结构的构成：逻辑主语+不定式/现在分词/过去分词

　　with复合结构的构成： with+宾语+不定式/现在分词/过去分词

　　 With a lot of difficult problems ________， the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

　　A. settled B. settling

　　C. to settle D. being settled

　　解析 动词不定式to settle作difficult problems的定语，表示将要解决的问题，根据“the newly-elected president is having a hard time”可知新任总统将有很多难题要解决，所以要用to settle作定语。答案选C。

　　 I will send you 100 dollars today， the rest________ in a year.

　　A. follows B. followed

　　C. to follow D. being followed

　　解析 本句意为“今天我先给你寄100美元，其余的钱一年内陆续寄过去”。the rest 和to follow构成独立主格结构，不定式表将来。答案选C。

　　（六） 不定式的省略

　　不定式的省略我们可以分作两种，一种是不定式符号“to”的省略，如make sb. do sth.；另一种则是不定式符号“to”后实义动词的省略。

　　例 The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street， but his mother told him________ .

　　A. not to B. not to do

　　C. not do it D. do not

　　解析 tell sb. to do sth.的意思是“让某人做某事”。英语中为了避免重复常用省略形式，这个句子中就省略了do it。选项B如果加上it就对了。答案选A。

　　总 结

　　解非谓语动词试题“有法可依”：

　　第一步：辨别谓语与非谓语

　　第二步：判断语态

　　找非谓语的逻辑主语：作定语时，被修饰的词是其逻辑主语；作状语时，句子的主语是其逻辑主语；作补语时，句子的宾语或主语是其逻辑主语。

　　在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系。

　　第三步：分析时态

　　根据非谓语自带的时间状语或根据上下文的语境确定时间。

　　练习

　　1. On April 4， 2010，a 7.1-magnitude quake struck Yushu， Qinghai province，________more than two thousand people，with more than ten thousand people ________.

　　A. killed； injured

　　B. killing； injured

　　C. killing； injuring

　　D. to kill； to be injured

　　2. Nowadays many college students work for hours after school________ money for their education.

　　A. earning B. having earned

　　C. earn D. to earn

　　3. When I caught him________me， I stopped________ things there and started dealing with another shop.

　　A. cheated； to buy

　　B. cheating； buying

　　C. to cheat； to buy

　　D. to have cheated； buying

 

4. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecrafts， the most recent ________at the end of last March.

　　A. has been launched

　　B. being launched

　　C. having been launched

　　D. to be launched

　　5. Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office， but our work ________， we refused his offer.

　　A. not finishing

　　B. had not finished

　　C. not having finished

　　D. not finished

　　6. Cao Cao’s tomb is reported________ in China， which attracts nationwide attention.

　　A. being found

　　B. to be found

　　C. having been found

　　D. to have been found

　　7. —What made it impossible for you to walk as fast as usual？

　　 — ________in the leg.

　　A. Being injured B. To be injured

　　C. Having injured D. Injured

　　8. The firm was successfully run and________， he owed his success to the support of his friends.

　　A. looking back B. looked back

　　C. to look back D. when looked back

　　9. The Shanghai World Expo 2010，________on May 1，will attract more than 70 million people________ a visit.

　　A. open； to pay B. opened； paying

　　C. opening； payed D. opened； to pay

　　10. Though a typhoon is on the way， people are still looking forward ________the outdoor concert by the pop singer.

　　A. to canceling B. not to canceling

　　C. to not canceling D. not to cancel