近义词汇大碰撞(四)


  近义词汇大碰撞(四)

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  Ⅰ. possible, probable, likely

  【情景对话】

  Adam: Is it probable that Bill will visit our school tomorrow?

  Erin: I am not so sure. But it’s possible that he will do next Friday.

  Adam: Is David likely to come together?

  Erin: If he is free, he surely will.

  Adam: I can’t wait to see them.

  【词汇解析】 possible, probable和likely

  对话中的“Is it probable that Bill will visit our school tomorrow”意思是“比尔明天很可能来我们学校吗”;“But it’s possible that he will do next Friday”意为“但他有可能下周五来”;“Is David likely to come together”意思是“大卫有可能一起来吗”。

  possible, probable和likely都有“可能的”的意思,但possible表示的可能性较小,probable比possible可能性大,意思相当于almost certain。

  要表示“某人有可能做某事”时,可选择使用“it is possible for sb to do sth”或“it is possible that sb do sth”;“it is probable that sb do sth”;“sb is likely to do sth”或“it is likely that sb do sth”。例如:

  It is possible, if not probable, that the accident will cost him a good chance. 这次事故,如果不是很可能但也有可能,使他丧失一次好机会。

  It’s possible for them to cooperate with our class. 他们有可能与我们班合作。

  We are likely to make mistakes when learning English.=It is likely that we will make mistakes when learning English. 我们在学习英语的过程中有可能出差错。

  【即学即练】

  1. 根据所提示汉语,完成下列句子(每空一词)。

  (1) 约翰这个夏天有可能到国外留学。

  John is_____________this summer.

  (2) 玛丽有可能迟到。

   _____________Mary will be late.

  (3) 他有可能在两天内完成任务。

  It _____________ for him to complete the task within two days.

  (4) 汤姆很可能会获胜。

  It _____________that Tom will win.

  2. 请选择最佳答案。

  (1) Studies show that people are more _____________to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.(2010陕西卷)

  A. likely B. possible

  C. probable D. sure

  (2) I think it quite _____________for us to reach the railway station before the train leaves.

  A. likely B. possible

  C. probable D. certain

  Ⅱ. effect, influence, affect

  【情景对话】

  Henry: Tom, one of my friends, suffers from too much alcohol. Obviously, it affects his health.

  Snow: In my opinion, it also affects his work.

  Henry: His behavior surely influences his little brother.

  Snow: Well, let’s try to persuade him to keep off alcohol.

  Henry: Your suggestion will have a positive effect on him.

  【词汇解析】 effect,influence和affect

  对话中,“Obviously, it affects his health”意思是“显然,这对他的健康有影响”;“His behavior surely influences his little brother”意为“他的行为对他的弟弟肯定有潜移默化的影响”;“Your suggestion will have a positive effect on him” 意为“你的建议将对他有积极影响”。

  affect, influence与effect均可表示“影响”。affect和influence都是及物动词。前者多指负面的影响,同时还有“深深打动,使悲痛”的意思;而后者主要指间接的或潜移默化的影响,还可用作名词。effect表示“影响”时只能是名词。例如:

  He was greatly influenced by a high school biology teacher. 他高中时的生物老师对他影响巨大。

  Television has a strong influence on people. 电视对人们有很大的影响。

  Years of overwork affected his health. 多年的过度劳累影响了他的健康。

  The medicine has a side effect on him. 这种药对他有副作用。

  【即学即练】

  1. 请用effect,influence或affect填空。

  (1) We seldom realize how much the noise from the street _____________ us.

  (2) This book deeplylittle Tom.

  (3) Kate’s parents tried toher in her choice of university.

  (4) The medicine started to takeafter a few minutes.

  

  2. 完成下列句子(每空一词)。

  (1) 她去世的消息使我们深感悲痛。

  We were all _____________by the news of her death.

  (2) 旅游业对这个地区的野生动物有很大的影响。

  Tourism_____________ the wildlife in the area.

  (3) 大自然的因果关系常常是复杂的。

  The _____________ relationship in nature is often complex.

  (4) 他对现代诗人有着重要的影响。

  He had_____________ modern poets.

  Ⅲ. not exactly, not really

  【情景对话】

  Alice: Are you fond of music?

  Jackie: Not really. I just kill time by listening to music. But I like sports very much.

  Alice: I saw you playing tennis the other day. Do you enjoy it?

  Jackie: Not exactly. I prefer table tennis to tennis.

  Alice: So do I. Well, we need something to take our minds off work.

  【词汇解析】 not exactly和not really

  “Not really. I just kill time by listening to music”在这儿的意思是“不怎么(喜欢音乐),我只是靠听听音乐来打发时间”;“Not exactly. I prefer table tennis to tennis”是“不完全如此,我喜欢乒乓球胜于喜欢网球”的意思。

  not exactly 表示“不完全如此”;“not really”表示“不怎么,真的没有”。例如:

  —Did you enjoy the book?你喜欢这本书吗?

  —Not really. 不怎么喜欢。

  —He is absent. Is he ill?他没来,是生病了吗?

  —Not exactly. 不完全是。

  【即学即练】

  1. 请选择最佳答案。

  (1) —Do you think you could do without help?

   —_____________. This is not the first time for me. (2010山东卷)

  A. Take care B. Hurry up

  C. Not exactly D. Don’t worry

  (2) —Was he sorry for what he’d done?

   —_____________ . (2010全国新课标卷)

  A. No wonder B. Well done

  C. Not really D. Go ahead

  2. 用not exactly或not really补全下列短对话。

  (1) —So you missed the meeting.

   —_____________. I got there five minutes before it finished.

  (2) —Do you want to go to the movie, Jane?

  —_____________ . I feel like doing something different.

  Ⅳ. keep up with, catch up with,

  put up with, end up with

  【情景对话】

  Frank: You are walking so fast that I can’t keep up with you.

  Jane: You know, we try to catch up with Li Ping and go together to the book store for two copies of Chicken Soup for the Soul.

  Frank: I hate to say it, but could you walk a bit slowly?I can’t put up with such hot weather.

  Jane: If we don’t hurry, we’ll end up with empty hands.

  Frank: Don’t worry. There are a lot in store.

  【词汇解析】 keep up with, catch up with, put up with和end up with

  对话中“I can’t keep up with you”意思是“我跟不上你”;“We try to catch up with Li Ping”表示“我们试图赶上李平”。keep up with与catch up with意思比较接近,但前者侧重保持此时状态,而后者侧重超越此时状态而赶上别人。

  “I can’t put up with such hot weather”意思是“这么热的天气,我简直受不了”;“we’ll end up with empty hands”则指“我们只好两手空空(而归)”。

  keep up with, catch up with, put up with和end up with具体区别如下:

  (1) keep up with 与……并驾齐驱;跟上

  Don’t run. I can’t keep up with you. 别跑了,我跟不上你了。

  (2) catch up with 赶上

  She has decided to work hard to catch up with her classmates. 她已下定决心努力学习,赶上其他同学。

  (3) put up with 忍受

  I cannot put up with your constant complaints. 我忍受不了你喋喋不休地发牢骚。

  (4) end up with 以……告终;以……作为结束

  The party ended up with a poem. 聚会以一首诗朗诵结束。

  【即学即练】

  1. 根据英语解释,选择正确的短语。

  (1) —_____________ ;(2) —_____________;

  (3) —_____________ ;(4) —_____________ 。

  2. 在下列句子中,填入上述短语的适当形式。

  (1) I am too old-fashioned. I have to_____________the times.

  (2) Bill _____________ Ann, and they walked to the supermarket together.

  

   (3) Kate went to the bookshop to buy some references, but she_____________ some story books instead.

  (4) Commercial advertisement is one of the things we have to_____________ when watching TV.

  3. 请选择最佳答案。

  (1) Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just_____________ sweet dreams. (2010江西卷)

  A. keep up with B. put up with

  C. end up with D. catch up with

  (2) We’ve just moved into a bigger house and there’s a lot to do. Let’s_____________ it.

  A. keep up with B. do away with

  C. get down to D. look forward to

  【即学即练】参考答案

  Ⅰ . 1. (1) likely to study abroad (2) It is possible that (3) is possible (4) is probable

  2. (1) A (2) B

  Ⅱ. 1. (1) affects (2) influenced

  (3) influence (4) effect

  2. (1) deeply affected (2) has a great effect on (3) cause and effect (4) an important influence on

  Ⅲ. 1. (1) D (2) C

  2. (1) Not exactly (2) Not really

  Ⅳ. 1. (1) c (2) b (3) a (4) d

  2. (1) keep up with (2) caught up with

   (3) ended up with (4) put up with

  3. (1) C(2) C