近义词汇大碰撞(二)


  近义词汇大碰撞(二)

  Ⅰ. damage, destroy

  【情景对话】

  Harry: Tim had a car accident the other day.

  Tony: It is said to have started a fire, destroying the whole supermarket. Was Tim all right?

  Harry: His car was badly damaged, but fortu?鄄nately he was safe and sound.

  Tony: Thank heaven.

  【词汇解析】 damage和 destroy

  对话中,“destroying the whole supermarket”指“整个超市都被毁坏了”;“His car was badly damaged”指“他的车受到很大的损坏”。

  damage指“部分损坏,损害,破坏,使……受损失”。它不仅可以用作动词,也可以用作名词。destroy只能用作动词,指彻底破坏,意思为“摧毁,破坏,毁灭”,即damage something so badly that it no longer exists。例如:

  The earthquake destroyed almost the whole city. 地震几乎摧毁了整个城市。

  Many houses in the area were damaged by the storm. 暴风雨毁坏了这个地区的许多房屋。

  This will do a lot of damage to his reputation. 这对他的声誉有很大的损坏。

  【即学即练】

  1. destroy和damage往往与不同的副词连用,请将下列副词填在相应的空格内:completely, seriously, severely, almost, badly, slightly, entirely, totally。

  2. 根据汉语提示,完成下列句子(每空一词)。

  (1) 吸烟有害你的健康。

  Smoking can________________.

  (2) 巢毁则鸟飞。

  ________________and the birds will fly.

  (3) 农作物在这次沙尘暴中受到了严重损坏。

  The crops________________ by the dust storm.

  Ⅱ. deep, deeply

  【情景对话】

  Joe: I called you again and again yesterday but couldn?蒺t get through.

  Mary: I went deep into the jungle, with no cellphone with me.

  Joe: Did you have a good time?

  Mary: Not exactly! I got injured when I lost my way in the jungle.

  Joe: I deeply regret your misfortune.

  【词汇解析】 deep 和 deeply

  对话中“I went deep into the jungle”意思是“我到了丛林深处”;“I deeply regret your misfortune”的意思是“我对你的不幸深表遗憾”。

  deep与deeply两者均可作副词,但有所区别:deep作为副词,意思是“深地,在深处”,主要指时间与距离的深度,当然deep也可作形容词;而deeply主要为“强烈地,极其地”的意思,只作副词,含有抽象的含义。例如:

  We sat and talked deep into the night. 我们坐着交谈,直到深夜。

  I am deeply grateful for your help. 我非常感谢你的帮助。

  英语中,与deep和deeply这一组相类似的词语还有很多,我们再来看看以下各组词作副词时的区别:

  (1) late, lately:前者为“迟地”,后者为“最近地”。

  (2) most, mostly:前者为“最……(修饰形容词或副词,构成最高级);很,非常”;后者为“主要地,大多地”。

  (3) near, nearly:前者为“附近”,后者为“几乎”。

  (4) hard, hardly:前者为“艰难地,猛烈地”,后者为“几乎没有”。

  (5) close, closely:前者为“紧接地,紧紧地”,而后者则表示“仔细地,严密地,密切地”。

  (6) wide, widely:前者为“广大地”,表示空间宽度;而后者则表示“广泛地”。

  【即学即练】

  1. 请用下列各组副词或其正确形式填空。

  (1) deep, deeply

  a. The little boy stared________________ into his father?蒺s eyes.

  b. They were________________ disturbed by the acci?鄄dent.

  (2) late, lately

  a. Do you often sleep________________ in the morn?鄄ing?

  b. We haven?蒺t heard from Tom________________.

  (3) most, mostly

  a. We are________________out on Sundays.

  b. It is really________________ unfortunate.

  (4) wide, widely

  a. The idea is now________________ accepted.

  b. She opened the door________________ so that the room was lighter.

  (5) near, nearly

  a. The sea covers________________ three?鄄fourths of the world?蒺s surface.

  b. The post office is very________________, you can walk there.

  (6) hard, hardly

  a. After climbing the mountain for a long time, my legs were so weak that I could________________ stand.

  b. It was raining________________; we had to stay inside.

  (7) close, closely

  a. I went________________, and saw more clearly a tall man in the moonlight.

  b. Martin knew Kate was watching him.

  

  2. 请选择最佳答案。

  (1) —Do you know anything about the players of our school football team?

  —Yes. They are________________ young boys between the age of fourteen and fifteen.

  A. most B. mostly

  C. almost D. at most

  (2) The island is________________ attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.(2010年全国高考卷Ⅱ)

  A. partly B. merely

  C. nearly D. equally

  Ⅲ. at first, first of all

  【情景对话】

  Cook: I?蒺m going to study in the USA.

  Kathy: Really? I think it?蒺s the perfect place for you.

  Cook: Well, it?蒺s frightening as well as exciting.

  Kathy: I can?蒺t agree more. But I am sure it?蒺s easy for you to fit in. What seemed very strange at first when I studied abroad now appears quite normal.

  Cook: Would you please give me some advice?

  Kathy: First of all, please learn about the local customs. Secondly, surf the Internet for as much information as possible about the university where you?蒺ll study. Finally, take a tourist map. Above all, take enough money and your credit card.

  【词汇解析】 at first 和 first of all

  对话中“What seemed very strange at first ...”意思是“起初似乎很奇怪的事”,at first是“起初”的意思,往往与后来形成对比。“First of all, please learn about the local customs”意思是“首先,请了解一下当地的风俗”,first of all是“首先”的意思,是first的强调形式。例如:

  At first I disliked English, but now I like it very much. 起初我不喜欢英语,但是现在很喜欢了。

  First of all, I would like to express gratitude for what you have done for me.首先我非常感谢你为我做了很多事情。

  First of all, let?蒺s see where we agree and disagree.首先,让我们看一看我们哪些意见相同,哪些不同。

  【即学即练】

  请用at first和first of all填空。

  (1) He had changed so greatly that I could not recognize him________________.

  (2)________________, let?蒺s discuss when to start off.

  (3)________________, I must take these magazines to the library.

  (4)________________ he was a little shy in class, but now he is brave.

  (5)________________, let me deal with the most difficult task.

  IV. in a way, in the way,

  on the way, by the way

  【情景对话】

  Peter: Susan, have you paid a visit to George?

  Susan: Yes, now I?蒺m on the way home. But some cars are in the way. I can?蒺t move forward at all.

  Peter: By the way, have you met George?蒺s girl friend?What do you think of her?

  Susan: Fancy meeting her there. But she is proud in a way.

  Peter: Don?蒺t judge by appearance.

  【词汇解析】 in a way, in the way, on the way和 by the way

  对话中,“I?蒺m on the way home”是“我在回家的路上”的意思;“Some cars are in the way”即“一些车辆挡住了道路”;“By the way, have you met George?蒺s girl friend”即“顺便问一声,你见到了乔治的女朋友吗”;“But she is proud in a way”即“但是,她有几分骄傲”。

  1. in a way是“有几分,在一定程度上”的意思。

  In a way I agree with what you said just now. 在一定程度上我同意你刚才说的。

  2. in the way,“碍事,挡道”,还可用in the way of, in sb?蒺s way。

  There are a lot of boxes in the way; please move them away. 有很多箱子挡在路上,请把它们移开。

  3. on the way是“在往……的路上”的意思,还有“即将到来,正在走向……”的意思。

  On the way back I ran into an old friend of mine. 回家路上,我遇见了我的一位老朋友。

  4. by the way,“顺便说一声”。

  By the way, what do you think of the Shanghai World Expo? 随便问一声,你认为上海世博会如何?

  【即学即练】

  1. 请用in a way, in the way, on the way和by the way填空。

  

  (1) The work was done pretty well________________

  ________________.

  (2) I am sure better times are________________

  ________________.

  (3) Tell that boy not to get________________________________

  .

  (4)________________, what time is it?

  2. 根据汉语提示,完成下列句子(每空一词)。

  (1) 我顺便有一件事要告诉你。

  ________________________________, I have some?鄄thing to tell you.

  (2) 别挡住路。

  Don?蒺t stand________________.

  (3) 你即将成为大学生。

  You are________________ to becom?鄄ing a university student.

  (4) 在一定程度上我理解你的意思。

  ________________I see what you mean.

  (5) 网上聊天妨碍了她的学习。

  Chatting online has got________________________________

  ________________________________her studies.

  【即学即练】参考答案

  Ⅰ . 1. 常与destroy搭配的副词有:completely, almost, entirely, totally。常与damage搭配的副词有:seriously, severely, badly, slightly。

  2. (1) damage your health (2) Destroy the nests (3) were badly damaged

  Ⅱ. 1. (1) a. deep b. deeply (2) a. late b. lately (3) a. mostly b. most (4) a. widely b. wide (5) a. nearly b. near (6) a. hardly b. hard (7) a. closer b. closely

  2. (1) B (2) D

  Ⅲ. (1) at first (2) First of all (3) First of all (4) At first (5) First of all

  Ⅳ. 1. (1) in a way (2) on the way (3) in the way (4) By the way

  2. (1) By the way (2) in the way (3) on the way (4) In a way (5) in the way of