|
去年浙江每500人中就有一人得性病
2011年09月29日 04:18 来源：都市快报 记者 王真 通讯员 郝霞 方序 制图 高薇
日前，浙江省疾病预防控制中心发布《浙江省2010年传染病疫情和突发公共卫生事件分析报告》，2010年，浙江省发病率排名居前5位的甲、乙类传染病为：梅毒、乙肝、肺结核、淋病、痢疾。其中，梅毒报告病例50311例，比2009年增长了13.74%，比排名第二的乙肝多了16000多人。
报告还指出，2010年，浙江省梅毒报告病例数居全国第1位，淋病报告病例数居全国第2位。梅毒报告病例数居前4位的市分别为杭州、温州、金华和宁波市，占全省报告病例总数的57.95%。
省疾控中心在2007年的报告中曾说，杭州市为梅毒和其他性病的高发地区，每年的报告发病数和发病率均高于全国平均水平。1987年杭州市被卫生部定为全国性病监测点，开展性病常规监测工作。
2010年全省共报告梅毒、淋病、生殖道沙眼衣原体感染、生殖器疱疹、尖锐湿疣等5种性病100432例，比2009年同期增长2.47%，总报告发病率193.88/10万，差不多每500人中就有一例报告性病病例。
老公突然得了“神经病”
一查原来是梅毒作怪
上周四，浙江大学医学院附属第二医院皮肤科劳力民主任的专家门诊，来了近20位病人，就有3位病人检测出来患了梅毒。
有位是年近70的大伯，他来复查。之前，他要做前列腺手术，手术前做艾滋病、梅毒和淋病的血液化验，化验结果一出来，医生告诉他手术暂缓。为什么？老大爷和老伴问。
医生不说话，递给他们一张化验单，老伴一把抢过化验单：“梅毒！阳性！你做过什么事情了！”老伴哭得面红耳赤，扔下他回家去了。老大爷两手拎了很多东西，尴尬地朝医生护士笑笑：“是不是弄错了？我怎么可能有那种病……”
皮肤科又给老大爷做了化验，确诊是梅毒。老大爷脸色很差，不停叹气：“那天回去，老伴和我吵翻天，还说要把儿子女儿叫来说说灵清，我差点跪下来，好不容易说好再查一次看结果。唉……还是这个结果，回去怎么交待……”
老公突然得了“神经病”
一查原来是梅毒作怪
劳主任门诊还有一位病人，是从精神科转诊过来的。
一位42岁的企业中层，领导着部门十几位下属。他老婆说他平时性格挺温和，“可是最近就像换了一个人，我看着他都觉得很可怕”。
有一天半夜里，老婆看到老公站在书桌上想往墙上爬，吐口水骂人，骂得很大声。老婆叫他，不应，好不容易拉下来，他一声不响不吭坐在床边，不肯睡觉。白天，老公正常一点，但就像失忆一样，连远一点的公园都不认识了。
夫妻俩先去精神科检查，医生认为不是精神方面的疾病，做过血液化验，查出老公得了梅毒。
65%的梅毒患者可能一点症状都没有
劳力民主任说，现在门诊中梅毒病人很多，大约占了皮肤科所有病人的5%左右，但大多数病人并不知道自己有这个病，身体上也没有任何症状，都是做手术、婚检、怀孕或者验血时查出来的。
“医学界把没有症状的梅毒称为‘隐形梅毒’，患有隐形梅毒的病人在门诊中占了3/4，这很可怕。”劳主任说。
梅毒的发病分成三个时期，一期是感染梅毒时间在1个月内，病人在性接触2-4周左右出现生殖器方面的溃疡（硬下疳）；6-8周以后，转为梅毒二期，可能出现全身发疹的症状，侵入全身组织。一二期的梅毒如果不治疗，约有65%转为隐形梅毒。“就是说，病人看到自己有一些溃疡、疹子不在意，随它去，过了一段时间溃疡疹子好了，自己觉得没事了。这种梅毒最可怕，就像隐形杀手在身体内潜伏积聚力量，找准机会来个致命一击。”劳主任说。
身上有溃疡 手脚心有皮疹
最好去医院查性病
前两期的梅毒治起来不难，只要用最普通的青霉素就可以，治愈率在80%以上。劳主任说，“最怕的是发展到第三期，梅毒将侵入神经、心血管、脑部、骨头、内脏等，就像上面说到的那位42岁男病人，病毒侵入脑部，人变得痴傻了。这个时候，光是治梅毒，已经很难回复正常了。”
到了第三期的梅毒，虽然也可以治，但是梅毒给内脏、神经等已造成的损害，很难逆转。
劳主任在门诊中碰到过中风、眼睛视力突然下降的病人，女病人莫名其妙流产、做试管婴儿也怀不上，最后发现罪魁祸首是因为梅毒病毒。
要检查自己有没有患梅毒，到医院做个性病方面的验血就知道了（感冒时做的血常规不会验梅毒）。劳主任说，身体上有些奇怪的溃疡，不痛不痒，手心脚心有砖红色的皮疹，就得特别小心，尽快来医院做检查。
梅毒传播三途径：性接触、输血、母婴
吃饭拥抱不会传染梅毒
梅毒主要有三大传播途径：性接触、输血和母婴传播。
根据浙江省皮防所的统计，20-30岁是感染梅毒人数最高的人群，这个年龄是性活跃期，感染比例高可以理解；值得注意的是，55岁以后的年龄组又出现一个感染高峰。这一年龄组的人文化程度相对较低，性接触时自我防护意识不高，更容易被感染。
此前也有报道说，病人在接受牙科手术、外科手术、内窥镜检查时，如果器械消毒不彻底，也有可能传染梅毒。这就告诉我们，去正规的医疗机构治疗、检查，感染机会会小很多。另外，剃须刀、修脚刀等器械，如果消毒不好，也可能成为传染梅毒的媒介。
如果怀孕的准妈妈有梅毒，可以通过“母婴阻断”方式来防止孩子感染，研究表明，母婴阻断的成功率在90%以上。提醒患病的孕妇在怀孕初期就应该告诉医生，及早干预，成功率更高。
如何预防梅毒？
浙江省皮肤病防治研究所所长施培武说，最有效的办法是洁身自好，不发生危险性行为，要有自我防护意识，有性接触时要使用安全套。和艾滋病一样，吃饭、聊天甚至拥抱，一般不会被传染。
为什么浙江梅毒报告病例这么高？
浙江省皮肤病防治研究所所长施培武说，浙江省梅毒报告病例居全国第一，有几方面的原因。
首先是我省对传染病防治工作抓得比较紧。浙江省疾控系统对于传染病报告漏报抓得很严，报告敏感性很高，“所以我们省的病人数基本都记录在案了。相对来说，有些省份疫情报告敏感性没这么高，报告情况就没有实际反应的这么严重。”
“另外，浙江省报告梅毒病人多，也说明我们省医疗制度抓得好。手术前、孕前和产前艾滋病、梅毒等疾病筛查力度大，筛出阳性数当然也多。”
施所长说，为了防止不报漏报瞒报现象的发生，省卫生厅不久前专门出台了《浙江省性病病例报告规范》，以提高性病报告的准确性。
其次，现有的病例大多数是通过性接触被传染上的。梅毒病人多、发病率高，最主要的原因和人们越来越开放的性观念有关，人们的性接触方式多种多样，随之带来的风险也越来越大。
浙江省是流动人口大省，流动人口婚恋关系不稳定。前年，绍兴市的一个调查表明，41.84%的农民工存在婚外性行为。社会各阶层的婚外性行为也越来越多，2000年中国人民大学性社会学研究所做了调查，10%的已婚男性承认有婚外性行为，同时中国妇联的调查表明，女性婚外性行为比例为8.2%。去年，中国人民大学性社会学研究所又做了调查，男性婚外性行为的比例上升到30.1%，女性为10.5%。
另外，皮肤科门诊为了保护病人隐私，允许病人化名看病，有些病人用不同的名字在不同医院就诊，就可能被当做不同的病例上报了。
艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复
 |
| 图示∶2011年5月正式出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构事迹 |
| |
|
|
Last year, Zhejiang, one person in every 500 have sexually transmitted diseases
At 04:18 on September 29, 2011 Source: City Express correspondent correspondent Hao Xia Wang true sequence mapping high-Wei Fang
Recently, Zhejiang Province, CDC issued "in 2010, Zhejiang Province, infectious diseases and public health emergencies Analysis Report", 2010, the incidence of Zhejiang Province ranks among the top five of the A, B infectious diseases are: syphilis, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, gonorrhea, dysentery. Among them, 50,311 cases of syphilis reported cases, compared with an increase of 13.74% in 2009, ranked second hepatitis B more than 16,000 people.
The report also noted that in 2010, the number of reported cases of syphilis, Zhejiang Province ranks first one, the number of reported cases of gonorrhea ranks No. 2. The number of reported cases of syphilis among the top four of the city were Hangzhou, Wenzhou, Jinhua and Ningbo, the province accounted for 57.95% of the total number of reported cases.
Provincial CDC report in 2007 said, Hangzhou, syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases for the high incidence areas, the annual number of reported cases and incidence rate higher than the national average. Hangzhou, the Ministry of Health in 1987 as the National STD Surveillance point, carry out routine monitoring of sexually transmitted diseases.
2010, the province reported a total of syphilis, gonorrhea, genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection, genital herpes, genital warts and other 5 kinds of sexually transmitted diseases 100,432 cases, compared with growth of 2.47% over the same period in 2009, the total reported incidence rate of 193.88/10 million and almost every case report 500 people have sexually transmitted diseases.
Her husband suddenly got "crazy"
A search turned syphilis trouble
On Thursday, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, director of public labor specialist dermatology clinic, to nearly 20 patients, three patients had detected suffering from syphilis.
One uncle was nearly 70, he came to review. Before that, he do prostate surgery, before surgery to do AIDS, syphilis and gonorrhea blood test, the test results came out, the doctor told him to suspend operations. Why? Old man and his wife asked.
Doctors do not speak, gave them a single laboratory, his wife grabbed a single laboratory: "Syphilis! Positive! What you have done it!" His wife cried red in the face, threw him to go home. Two hand carry a lot of things the old man, smiled awkwardly toward the doctors and nurses: "Is it wrong? How could I have the kind of disease ..."
Dermatologist gave the old man to do testing, diagnosis of syphilis. Old man look bad, stop sighing: "That back, his wife and I furiously days, and said we should talk about the spiritual sons and daughters called to clear, I almost knelt down and finally said yes and then check again to see the results. Oh ... ... or the result, go back and explain how ... "
Her husband suddenly got "crazy"
A search turned syphilis trouble
Lo Director out there is a patient from the psychiatric referral over.
A 42-year-old corporate middle, led the department a dozen subordinates. His wife said he was usually very gentle character, "but recently like a new person, I watched him feel terrible."
One day in the middle of the night, my wife saw her husband standing on the wall to climb on the desk, spit curse, cursing very loudly. His wife called him, should not, finally pulled down, he quietly sitting on the bed does not say anything, refused to sleep. During the day, her husband a little normal, but as memory loss, like park farther away do not even know.
The couple first went to psychiatrists, doctors do not think mental illness, did blood tests, found her husband had syphilis.
65% of syphilis patients may have no symptoms that
Director of labor people, said many patients now out in syphilis, which accounts for a dermatologist about 5% of all patients, but most patients do not know they have this disease, the body has no symptoms, is surgery, pre-marital, pregnancy or blood test to check out.
"The medical profession has no symptoms of syphilis as the 'invisible syphilis', with patients in outpatient invisible syphilis accounted for 3 / 4, this is terrible." Labor director said.
The incidence of syphilis is divided into three periods, a time syphilis infection within 1 month, patients in the sexual contact occurs around 2-4 weeks in the genital ulcer (chancre); 6-8 weeks later, to syphilis two , may be symptoms of systemic rash, invade the body tissues. Twelve of syphilis if left untreated, about 65% to stealth syphilis. "That is, some patients see their ulcers, rashes do not care, let it go, ulcers, rash over a period of time well, feel all right. This most terrible of syphilis, like the invisible killer lurking in the accumulation of body force, identify opportunities to a fatal blow. "labor director said.
Who have ulcers heart rash hands and feet
Better go to the hospital to check sexually transmitted diseases
Treatment of syphilis before the two together is not difficult, as long as the most common use of penicillin can cure rate above 80%. Labor director, said, "It is terrifying to the third stage of development, syphilis will invade the nervous, cardiovascular, brain, bones, organs, etc., as the above mentioned 42-year-old male patient who, viruses invade the brain, people become a fuchsia and this time, just cure syphilis, has been a difficult return to normal. "
To the third phase of syphilis, although it can cure, but syphilis to the internal organs, nerves, etc., have caused damage, difficult to reverse.
Workers encountered in the clinic director of a stroke, a sudden drop in vision eye patients, female patients somehow abortion, IVF is not pregnant, finally found the culprit because the syphilis virus.
To check that they have no risk of syphilis, sexually transmitted diseases to the hospital to be a blood test to know (when cold will not do the blood test syphilis). Labor director, said some strange sores on the body, superficial, palms soles of the feet with brick-red skin rash, you have to be especially careful, as soon as possible to hospital for tests.
Syphilis spread three ways: sexual contact, blood transfusions, mother to child
Syphilis is not transmitted to eat embrace
Syphilis has three main routes of transmission: sexual contact, blood transfusion and mother to child transmission.
According to statistics, Zhejiang Province, the skin anti-20-30 is the highest number of people infected with syphilis, the sexually active age, a high proportion of infections can be understood; worth noting that 55-year-old age group has emerged after a peak of infection . This age group is relatively low educational level, sexual contact with self-protection awareness is not high, more susceptible to infection.
Had also reported that patients receiving dental surgery, surgery, endoscopy, if not completely sterilized equipment may also be transmitted syphilis. This tells us that to regular medical treatment, examination, the chances of infection will be much smaller. In addition, razors, knives and other equipment pedicure, if sterilization is not good, it could become a medium of transmission of syphilis.
If the pregnant mother has syphilis, you can "PMTCT" way to prevent infection in children, studies have shown, PMTCT success rate above 90%. Advise prevalence of pregnant women in early pregnancy should tell their doctor, early intervention, the success rate higher.
How to prevent syphilis?
Zhejiang Institute of Dermatology control Shipei Wu said that the most effective way is abstinence, risky sexual behavior does not occur, there must be self-protection awareness, sexual contact should use a condom. And AIDS, like, eat, chat and even embrace, generally will not be infected.
Why such a high Zhejiang reported cases of syphilis?
Zhejiang Institute of Dermatology control Shipei Wu said that reported cases of syphilis, Zhejiang Province ranks first in the country, there are several reasons.
The first is the province of the infectious disease prevention and control of a tight grasp. CDC for infectious diseases, Zhejiang Province, caught a very serious omission, the report highly sensitive, "so we are basically the province the number of patients recorded a relative, the epidemic in some provinces did not report such a high sensitivity, report the situation is so serious there is no real reaction. "
"In addition, the report of syphilis patients in Zhejiang Province, also shows a good grasp our provincial health care system before surgery, pregnancy and prenatal HIV, syphilis and other disease screening forceful, of course, weed out a few more positive."
Shisuo Zhang said, in order to prevent the occurrence of the phenomenon reported omission concealed the provincial health department recently issued a special "sexually transmitted diseases, Zhejiang Province, the report specification", in order to improve the accuracy of reported sexually transmitted diseases.
Second, most existing cases are transmitted through sexual contact on. Syphilis patients in high incidence, and the main reason people are increasingly open about sexual attitudes, sexual contact with a variety of ways that people, with the attendant risks is also growing.
Zhejiang is a populous movement of the floating population stable marriage relationship. Two years ago, Shaoxing City, a survey showed that 41.84 percent of the migrant workers there are extra-marital sex. All sectors of society more and more extramarital sex, Renmin University of China in 2000 made a survey of Institute of Sociology, 10% of married men admitted extramarital sex, while China Women's Federation survey showed that women married outside the sex ratio of 8.2%. Last year, the Institute of Sociology, Renmin University of China has done a sex survey, the proportion of male extramarital sex rose to 30.1%, 10.5% for women.
In addition, the dermatology clinic in order to protect patient privacy, a pseudonym allows the patient to see a doctor, some patients with different names in different hospital, different cases can be reported as a.
|
