昨天我们说今天是比较级最高级出现的日子，所以他们就来了。。
形容词和副词的比较等级
一.原级:
1.原级的形式: 即原形
2.原级的用法:    ①.表示被比较双方在某一方面相等或相同时, 用as + adj / adv + as结构, 表示“…和…一样”
a. Xiao Li is as tall as his sister.
b. It is as cold today as it was yesterday.
c. There are as many seats in this hall as in that hall.    ②.表示被比较双方在某一方面不相等或不同时, 用not as / so + adj / adv + as, 表示“…和…不一样”

a. Xiao Li is not as / so tall as his brother.
b. It is not so / as cold today as yesterday.
c. There are not so / as many seats in this hall as in that hall.二.比较级和最高级:
1.比较级和最高级的形式:    ①.规则变化:
a.在单音节形容词后及少数以-er, -ow, -ble, -ple结尾的双音节形容词和少数副词原级后, 加-er, -est或 -r, -st, 如: strong, young, clever, able, simple, narrow, hard, fast, slow等
b.在以 -e结尾的单音节形容词和少数副词原级后, 加-r, -st, 如: brave, wide等
c.形容词以发短元音的元音字母+辅音字母结尾时, 双写辅音字母, 再加-er, -est,如: big, hot, thin等
d.辅音字母+y结尾的单音节及双音节形容词和少数副词(由形容词+ly构成的副词除外), 要将y变为i, 再加-er, -est, 如: easy, happy, early等
e.在双音节和多音节形容词和大多数副词原级前可以加more, most表示比较级和最高级, 如: useful, childish, important, happily, clearly, quickly等
f.有少数单音节形容词加more / most构成比较级和最高级, 如: fond, tired, pleased, glad, often, fit等
g.下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级可用两种方法构成: cruel, strict, friendly, often, fit ②.不规则变化的形容词如: good / well, many / much, bad / badly, little, far
2.比较级的用法: 两方进行比较时, 多用than
a. It is colder today than it was yesterday.
b. His handwriting is more beautiful than yours.
c. He did his homework more carefully than you did yours. 3.最高级的用法: 三方或三方以上进行比较时, 用最高级, 最高级前多用the, 基本形式为: the + adj / adv的最高级 + (名词) + 表示范围的短语或从句
a. He is the eldest among the sisters.
b. Shanghai is the biggest centre of industry in China.
c. Beijing is one of the most beautiful cities in China.
4.比较等级的特殊用法:   
①.有些词的比较级和最高级有两种不同形式, 意义上也有所不同, 如: older / oldest(比较老/最老的), elder / eldest (年龄比较大的/最大的); farther / farthest用于本义, 表示“比较远的/最远的”, 而further / furthest常用于引申意义, 表示“更进一步的,更深一层的/最深层的”
a. He is the oldest comrade in our office.
b. He is the eldest son in the family.
c. He went abroad for further studies.   
②.表示“比…多(大)几倍”时, 用“倍数+ as…as” 结构或“倍数+比较级+than…”表示
a. This book costs twice as much as that one.
b. The university is three times as big as it was in 1980. =The university is three times bigger than it was in 1980.   
③.可用much, far, still, even等修饰比较级, 表示 “更…”, “…得多”之意
a. Her handwriting is much better than mine.
b. This street is far wider and longer than any other street in Beijing.   
④.可用“名词词组或数词词组+比较级”的结构来表示“比…相差多少”, 如: a head taller, ten minutes later, two meters longer, a few steps further   
⑤.比较级+ and +比较级表示“越来越…”的意思
a. Summer is coming. It is getting hotter and hotter.   
⑥. “the +比较级+主语+谓语+其他,
the +比较级+主语+谓语+其他” 表示 “越… , 就越…”
a. The harder you study, the more knowledge you will get.
b. The more you work for other people, the happier you will feel.   
⑦.more…than…有时表示“与其说…, 倒不如说…”
a.. He is more diligent than wise.与其说他聪明,不如说他勤奋
b. He is more a friend than a teacher.与其说他是一位老师,不如说更像一位朋友   
⑧.“no+比较级+than…”和“not +比较级+than…”所表示的意思不相同, 前者表示“和…一样不…”(即两者都不…), 后者表示“不比…更… ”(仅否定前者, 即表示前者不如后者)
a. His English is no better than mine. (两人的英语都不好)
b. His English is not better than mine. 他的英语不如我的英语好(仅否定 “他的英语”)
c. He is no taller than I.他和我一样不高./ He is not taller than I.他不如我高.   
⑨.有时用比较级表示最高级的意思, 如:

a. It can’t be safer.再安全不过了.
b. She can’t be more beautiful. 她简直美极了
c. He works harder than the other students in his class.
d. He works harder than any other student in his class.    ⑩. “the +序数词+最高级” 表示“第几”之意
a. China is the third largest country in the world.
b. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
前面是对比较级和最高级的概述。。。我们看看他们具体的用法吧。。。
（1）原级的构成和用法。构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as) + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数 + as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构。如：Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.This building looks not so (as)high as that one.Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .This room is three times as large as that one.
（2）比较级和最高级的构成。掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。
（3）比较级的用法。
①对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 + than”的结构表示。如：This picture is more beautiful than that one.
②表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示。如：This room is less beautiful than that one.
③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by fay等修饰。如：He works even harder than before.注意：英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“…一些”或不译出，一般不可有“更”。如：She is better than she was yesterdayPlease come earlier tomorrow.另注意：by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。如：He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语），the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语）”的结构（意为“越……越……”）。如：The harder he works, the happier he feels.
⑤不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构。如：The weather is getting colder and colder.The girl becomes more and more beautiful.
⑥某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于……）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在……之前）等。He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.
⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.⑧倍数表达法。
（A）A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）。The new bui9lding is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍（高三倍）。
（B）A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。
（C）A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.(4)最高级的用法。
①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如：Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works(the)hardest in his class.
②最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。如：This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest.How much did the secon most expensive hat cost?
③表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。
④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。如：He is the tallest(boy)in his class.
⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如：Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.
(5)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。
①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。
②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”。如：He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very)The film is most interesting.(most=very)
③表示两者间“较……的一个”比较级前加the。如：who is the older of the tow boys?
④在“the + 比较级…，the + 比较级…”结构中。
⑤在same前一般要加the。
⑥有些形容词前加the 成为名词。如the poor、the rich 等。
（6）由as / so组成的形容词或副词短语。
①?as much as + 不可数名词数量。Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.
②as many as + 可数名词数量  多达I have as a many as sixteen referrence books.
③as early as早在As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.
④as far as远到；就……而知（论）We might go as far as (走到)the church and back.As far as I know（就我所知），he has been there before.
⑤may (might, could)as well不妨、不如Then you might as well stay with us here.
⑥as … as can be到了最……的程度，极其They are as unreliable as they can be.他们极其不可信。
⑦as … as one canHe began to run, as fast as he could.
⑧as … as possibleJust get them to finish up as quickly as possible.
(7)几组重要的词语辨析。
①very 和much的区别。
（A）可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very不用much。
(B)表示状态的过去分词前用very。a very frightened boy, a very tired child, a very complicated problem, 一般的情况下，以-ing、-ed结尾的分词多用much、very much / greatly等修饰。如：We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. I was much amused by Jack’s attitude。
(C)已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如：very interesting / worrying / exicting。
（D）too前用much或far,不用very。You are much / far / a lot too nice.另外，在too many / much, too few / little前用far。 There’s far too little opportunity for adventue these days.We’ve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.
（E）关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构：（a）修饰绝对意义的形容词，一般不用very,而用quite completely、well、entirely。如：quite wrong(mistaken, sure)、completely dead、quite impossible、quite perfect等。（b）修饰以a-开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词：quite alone, very much alone, wide awake, fast asleep, very much afraid。(c)修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有：be well worth, much the same, freezing cold, quite different, terribly cold / frightening。
②so … that … 与such … that … 的区别。so +
形容词 / 副词 +
that …so + 形容词 + a（n）+ 单数可数名词 + that …so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that …such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that …such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that …such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that …注意：下列结构中只能用so不可用such,当名词前有many、much、little、few等表示“多、少”的词修饰时，如 so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples等。但当little表示“小”时用such。如：These are such little boys that they can’t dress themselves.下列so的用法是错误的：so a diffcult problem,so difficult problems, so hot weather。
③其他几组词的辨析。
（A）ago、before:ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”；before指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before而不用ago。
（B）already、yet、still:already表示某事已经发生；yet表示期待某事发生；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。
(C)too、also、either:too和also用于肯定句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用于否定句。(D) good、well:与good不同的是，well作形容词，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好”，也作副词修饰动词。
(E)quick、 fast:作形容词皆表“快”。fast多指运动的物体，含持续的意思。quick多指一次动作的敏捷、突然，而且持续的时间较短。
(F)real、 true:形容词表“真的”。real强调真实存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定语；true指与事实标准和实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。
(G) hard、difficult:均表“困难”，但hard通常指体力上困难；difficult则指智力或技能上的困难，困难程度大于hard。它们都可作定语和表语。
1． He feels _____ today than yesterday.
A. tired B. more tired C. more tireder D. much tired

2. The line is ____ than that one.
A. more longer B. not longer C. much more longer D. many more longer