宋圭武观点138：对过去人民公社的政社合一制度要辩证看。

对过去人民公社的政社合一制度要辩证看。

政社合一的好处是：一是政策落实成本小，政治行为可以直接变为经济行为；二是公社行政人员直接参加生产劳动，非生产人员少，财政供养人口压力小。

政社合一的不好处是：一是政治的弊端也会导致经济的弊端，政治决策的失误也直接导致经济的失误；二是经济行为的自由度小。

政社分离的好处是：一是经济相对自由度高；二是政治决策的失误对经济影响较小。

政社分离的不好处是：一是政策的落实成本高，一些有关农村的政策到乡镇、村这一级，就很难落实下去，即使落实也成本很高，导致诸多形式主义落实；二是乡镇一级产生了大量非生产行政人员，财政供养人口压力大大增加。

目前，推进乡村振兴，政社也需要一定程度结合，乡村微观生产组织应探索建立半自治半行政农场，应通过农场把农民组织起来，同时，通过农场，要把乡村干部多转变为实际生产者，变非生产人口为生产人口，减少财政供养人口压力。好，谢谢，谢谢。

Song Guiwu's view 138: the political and social integration system of the past people's communes should be viewed dialectically.

The advantages of the political and social integration system of the past people's communes should be viewed dialectically. The advantages of the political and social integration system are: first, the cost of implementing the policy is small, and political behavior can be directly transformed into economic behavior; second, the administrative personnel of the commune directly participate in production labor, and the non-production personnel are less, and the financial pressure to support the population is small. The disadvantages of the political and social integration system are: first, the political evils will also lead to economic evils, and the failure of political decision-making will directly lead to economic failure; second, the freedom of economic behavior is small. The advantages of the separation of politics and society are: first, the relative degree of economic freedom is high; second, the failure of political decision-making has less impact on the economy. The disadvantages of the separation of politics and society are: first, the cost of implementing the policy is high, and some policies related to rural areas are difficult to implement at the township and village level, and even if they are implemented, the cost is very high, resulting in many formalistic implementations; second, the township level produces a large number of non-production administrative personnel, and the financial pressure to support the population is greatly increased. At present, to promote rural revitalization, the government and society need to combine to a certain extent. Rural micro-production organizations should explore the establishment of semi-autonomous and semi-administrative farms, which should organize farmers through farms. At the same time, through farms, more rural cadres should be transformed into actual producers, from non-productive population to productive population, and reduce the pressure of fiscal support for the population. OK, thank you, thank you.