宋圭武观点137：市场经济对穷人最有利？

有学者认为市场经济对穷人最有利，此观点值得商榷。

从规范角度看，市场经济可以分为两类。一类是规范的市场经济，一类是不规范的市场经济。

对规范的市场经济而言，市场经济不仅对穷人有利，而且对任何群体都有利。这里是否对穷人最有利，还是值得商榷。因为若一个经济体制对某一群体最有利，在满足公平竞争方面肯定是有一些缺陷的。因为规范的经济体制一般要求对大家都有利，都一视同仁，而不是对某一群体最有利。当然，在规范的市场经济条件下，由于社会保障制度比较完善，穷人的基本生活还是会得到基本保障的，同时，穷人还可能会享受到一些特殊倾斜政策，但这也并不意味对穷人最有利，只是有利而已。因为受多种因素影响，穷人要获得和富人一样的发展机会和发展结果还是比较困难的。

另外，对不规范的市场经济而言，其实际运行必然是对富人更有利，而不是对穷人更有利。比如，在教育方面，富人的孩子可以受到更良好的教育，在身体发育方面，富人的孩子可以获得更好的食品，而穷人的孩子就没有这些。在资本投资方面，富人有资本可以实现用钱赚钱，而穷人只能用身体资本赚钱。一些研究表明，在蛋糕的分成中，资本所占的比例更大，劳动所占的比例更小。另外，在就业越来越困难的情况下，利用身体资本赚钱的空间也越来越小。由于生活所迫，有一些穷人的女孩不得不从事红灯区生意，这等于在变相毁灭自己。当然，在不规范的市场经济条件下，也不排除有少数穷人致富的可能。比如，通过苦读，最终翻身等，或者偶然中了彩票等，但这毕竟是少数，甚至是极少数。总之，对绝大多数穷人而言，在不规范的市场经济条件下，更多是弱势群体，从一般情况看，不规范的市场经济总体对富人有利，而不是相反。

另外，该学者在论证自己的观点时，举例说，如一些网红，一夜致富。这种论证有两方面的错误，一是以特殊情况替代一般情况。确实在现实中存在网红一夜致富的情况，但这毕竟是少数或极少数情况，并不代表一般情况。二是出现这种一夜致富的情况，说明市场经济还不规范，还需要进一步完善。因为规范的市场经济，其本质要求是要更多靠能力和劳动致富，而不是靠机会和投机取巧致富。所以，规范的市场经济，本质是反对这种现象的。

另外，理想很丰满，现实很骨感。规范的市场经济只存在于理想世界，在现实世界中运行的市场经济多是不规范的市场经济，这也是由市场本身所具有的众多缺陷所致。所以，在实际的市场经济世界中，富人必然更多是强势群体，穷人必然更多是弱势群体。

总之，只有规范的市场经济，才对穷人有利，但是否是对穷人最有利，还值得商榷，至于对不规范的市场经济而言，实际应是对富人更有利，而不是相反。目前，我们建设市场经济，需要努力逐步靠近规范的市场经济，但这是一个长期的过程，需要政治、经济、文化、环境、社会各方面的建设全面协调推进。

另外，还有一个问题是，在计划经济条件下，是否穷人更好一些，这里也分两种情况。对于好的计划经济，穷人可能会好一些，但对于不好的计划经济，穷人还是会不太好。好，谢谢，谢谢。

Song Guiwu's opinion 137: Market economy is most beneficial to the poor?

Some scholars believe that market economy is most beneficial to the poor, which is worth discussing. From the perspective of norms, market economy can be divided into two categories.One is the normative market economy, and the other is the non-normative market economy.For the normative market economy, market economy is not only beneficial to the poor, but also beneficial to any group.Whether it is most beneficial to the poor is still worth discussing.Because if an economic system is most beneficial to a certain group, it must have some defects in meeting the requirements of fair competition.Because the normative economic system generally requires that it is beneficial to everyone, not the most beneficial to a certain group.Of course, under the condition of the normative market economy, due to the relatively perfect social security system, the basic life of the poor will be basically guaranteed. At the same time, the poor may also enjoy some special preferential policies. But this does not mean that it is most beneficial to the poor, but just beneficial.Because of a variety of factors, it is still difficult for the poor to obtain the same development opportunities and results as the rich.In addition, for the non-normative market economy, its actual operation is necessarily more beneficial to the rich, rather than the poor. For example, in terms of education, the children of the rich can receive better education. In terms of physical development, the children of the rich can get better food, while the children of the poor do not have these.In terms of capital investment, the rich have capital to make money with money, while the poor can only make money with physical capital.Some studies show that in the division of the cake, capital accounts for a larger proportion and labor a smaller proportion.In addition, in the case of increasingly difficult employment, the space to make money with physical capital is becoming smaller and smaller.Due to the pressure of life, some poor girls have to engage in red-light district business, which is tantamount to destroying themselves in a disguised way.Of course, under the condition of non-standard market economy, it does not exclude the possibility that a small number of poor people become rich.For example, through hard work, eventually turn around, or accidentally win the lottery, but this is after all a minority, or even a very small minority.In a word, for the vast majority of poor people, under the condition of non-standard market economy, they are more vulnerable groups. In general, the non-standard market economy is generally beneficial to the rich, rather than the opposite. In addition, when the scholar argues his point of view, he takes some Internet celebrities as an example, who became rich overnight.This argument has two errors. First, it replaces the general situation with the special situation. There are indeed in reality the case of the Internet star getting rich overnight, but this is after all a minority or very few cases, does not represent the general situation.Second, the emergence of this overnight wealth situation, shows that the market economy is not standardized, and it needs to be further improved.Because the essential requirement of the standardized market economy is to get rich more by ability and labor, rather than by opportunity and opportunism.Therefore, the standardized market economy is against this phenomenon in essence.In addition, the ideal is very full, the reality is very skinny.The standardized market economy only exists in the ideal world, and the market economy that operates in the real world is mostly the non-standard market economy, which is also caused by the many defects that the market itself has.Therefore, in the actual market economy world, the rich are bound to be more powerful groups, and the poor are bound to be more vulnerable groups.In a word, only the standardized market economy is beneficial to the poor, but whether it is the most beneficial to the poor is still worth discussing. As for the non-standard market economy, it should be more beneficial to the rich, rather than the opposite.At present, we need to build a market economy, and we need to gradually approach the standardized market economy, but this is a long process, which requires the comprehensive and coordinated promotion of political, economic, cultural, environmental and social construction. Another question is whether poor people are better off under a planned economy. There are two cases here. For a good planned economy, poor people may be better off, but for a bad planned economy, poor people will still be not so good. OK, thank you. Thank you.