南非面临艾滋病和肺结核“双重疾病”的严重威胁

南非面临艾滋病和肺结核“双重疾病”的严重威胁
2009年10月16日 07:33:27 　来源：新华网
新华网约翰内斯堡１０月１５日电（记者李建民）南非统计局的最新报告显示，目前南非每１００个死者中有１３人死于肺结核，肺结核已与艾滋病一样成为造成南非人死亡的最主要疾病。艾滋病和肺结核相互作用构成“双重疾病”，对南非形成了严重的威胁。

近日在开普敦举行的艾滋病和肺结核研讨会上，南非卫生部副部长塞弗拉罗表示，在过去的１０年中南非的肺结核感染者的人数增长了３倍，南非已被列为世界上十个肺结核传染控制最差的国家之一。世界卫生组织估计，南非每年感染肺结核的人数达４６万人，接近其４８００万总人口的１％。

尽管目前南非的肺结核治愈率约为６５％，与２００４年的５１％治愈率相比大有改善，但是与世界卫生组织要求的８５％的治愈率依然相去甚远。塞弗拉罗承认，南非很可能无法达到２０１５年实现肺结核死亡率和传染率减半的目标，因为在南非的一些地区，抗药性肺结核与艾滋病的结合造成的危害极大，成为严重威胁南非人生命的巨大难题。

今年７月份在南非开普敦召开的一次国际会议上，与会卫生专家警告说，肺结核病已成为当前艾滋病患者死亡的主要原因，因此肺结核与艾滋病不应该再被看作两个独立问题，国际社会应该加倍努力对付它们间的交互作用。

医学研究显示，肺结核缩短了艾滋病病毒感染者的期望寿命；反过来艾滋病病毒也攻击免疫系统，从而促进结核菌的传播，并使得许多结核菌携带者最终发展成肺结核患者。在意大利、卢旺达、西班牙和美国进行的研究发现，感染了艾滋病病毒的结核菌携带者，发展为肺结核的可能性比未感染艾滋病病毒者高３０到５０倍。

事实上，近年来肺结核与艾滋病交互作用的趋势十分明显，目前全世界大约每３个艾滋病病毒感染者中就有１人同时得了肺结核。世界卫生组织官员马利奥·拉维格里奥纳说，因为艾滋病病毒的传播，近年来全球肺结核疫情变得更严重了。他说，非洲７０％的艾滋病病毒感染者得了肺结核后无法获得有效治疗，他们在几个月后就会死亡。为此，应该大力加强在艾滋病病毒感染者中普及抗肺结核药物，并与艾滋病药物治疗相结合，提高病人的生活质量，延长患者的生命，减轻疾病的威胁。

    统计数据显示，南非人口约占世界的０．７％，但艾滋病患者却占世界的１７％。目前南非全国有艾滋病患者５５０万，每年死于艾滋病的人数都在３０万以上。南非男性的艾滋病感染率为１４．５％，女性为２１．８％。南非死于艾滋病的人中有七成年龄在１５至４９岁之间。而在与艾滋病病毒有关的肺结核病例中，大约７９％发生在非洲沙哈拉以南地区，南非是目前受艾滋病和肺结核“双重疾病”威胁最严重的地区之一。

South Africa faces AIDS and tuberculosis "double disease" a serious threat to
October 16, 2009 07:33:27 Source: Xinhua
     Xinhua Johannesburg, October 15 (Xinhua Li Jianmin) South African Statistical Bureau's latest report shows that, at present, South Africa, for every 100 dead, 13 people died of tuberculosis, like AIDS, tuberculosis has become a leading cause of deaths in South Africa the disease. Interaction between AIDS and tuberculosis pose a "double disease", to South Africa pose a serious threat.

     Recently held in Cape Town seminar on AIDS and tuberculosis, South Africa, Deputy Minister of Health Sefulaluo said that in the past 10 years, South Africa, the number of TB infected persons increased by three times, South Africa has been listed as the world's 10 TB infection control one of the worst. World Health Organization estimates the number of tuberculosis in South Africa each year 46 million people, close to its 48 million of the total population of 1%.

     Although South Africa's TB cure rate is about 65% in 2004 compared to 51% cure were much improved, but the demands with the World Health Organization is still a far cry from 85% cure rate. Sefulaluo acknowledged that South Africa may not be achieved in 2015 of tuberculosis mortality and transmission to achieve the goal of halving the rate, because some areas in South Africa, the combination of drug-resistant tuberculosis and AIDS, caused great harm has become a serious threat to South Africans who huge problems of life.

     Cape Town, South Africa, in July this year, held an international conference, the participating health experts warned that TB has become the current leading cause of death in patients with AIDS, tuberculosis and AIDS therefore should no longer be viewed as two separate issues, the international community should redouble their efforts to deal with the interaction between them.

     Medical studies have shown that TB in HIV-infected persons reduced life expectancy; turn HIV virus attacks the immune system, thereby contributing to the spread of TB, and led many TB carriers eventually develop into tuberculosis. In Italy, Rwanda, Spain and the United States study found that M. tuberculosis infected with the AIDS virus carriers, the possibility of developing tuberculosis than those not infected with HIV and 30 to 50 times.

     In fact, in recent years, the trend of interaction between TB and AIDS is clear, the whole world about every three HIV-infected persons, there is one person at the same time contracted tuberculosis. World Health Organization officials Maliaola Ludwig Leonard said that because of the spread of HIV in recent years, the global TB epidemic to become more serious. He said that 70% of Africa's HIV-infected persons contracted tuberculosis after the lack of access to effective treatment, they will die a few months. To this end, we should vigorously strengthen the HIV-infected persons in the popularity of anti-TB drugs and AIDS combined drug therapy and improve patient's quality of life, prolong life, reduce the threat of disease.

     Statistics show that South Africa's population of about 0.7% of the world, but AIDS patients accounted for 17% of the world. At present South Africa's 5.5 million AIDS patients across the country, the number of people die each year from AIDS, 30 million or more. South Africa's HIV infection rate for men was 14.5%, females 21.8%. Of those who died of AIDS in South Africa have Qicheng aged 15 to 49 years old. In with HIV-related TB cases, about 79% occur in Africa south of Sahara, South Africa is currently affected by AIDS and tuberculosis "double disease" one of the areas most threatened.