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美国《时代》周刊评出2009医学十大突破
来源：环球时报-生命时报 作者：李涛 2009年12月15日09:45
临近年底，按照惯例，美国《时代》周刊又评出了2009年十大医学突破，艾滋病疫苗、甲型H1N1流感疫苗、美国解除干细胞研究限制等新发现和重大医学事件均榜上有名。
1.乳腺癌X光造影检查术新规定
11月，美国政府医疗顾问小组对乳腺癌筛查规定进行例行信息更新。美国预防服务工作组认为，女性从50岁开始做乳腺X光检查即可，而不是原来的40岁，检查频率也应由以前的一年一次改为两年一次。
2.艾滋病疫苗初露曙光
9月，美国和泰国研究人员对两种原有疫苗混合而成的新疫苗进行了测试，共有1.6万名志愿者参与。结果表明，这种新疫苗可使接种者感染艾滋病风险降低31%，这是研究者首次证明疫苗能够预防艾滋病病毒感染。
3.美国解除干细胞研究限制
3月9日，奥巴马推翻了小布什政府于2001年做出的禁止联邦经费资助人类胚胎干细胞研究的规定。虽然国会仍有一项法令禁止科学家利用联邦经费培育新的胚胎干细胞系，但政府已于12月2日认可了首批13个人体胚胎干细胞系，允许科学家将其用于联邦资助的研究活动，国立卫生研究院还在对数百种干细胞系进行评估。
4.甲型H1N1流感疫苗
新型甲型H1N1流感疫苗成为美国以及北半球其他所有国家的“香饽饽”。包括美国、中国在内的一些国家都已成功研制出甲型H1N1流感疫苗。在10月份的头几周，美国到处都出现了等候注射疫苗的“长龙”。
5.皮肤细胞克隆生物
7月，中国科学家使用成年老鼠的皮肤细胞成功克隆出了具有繁殖能力的老鼠。这是第一次利用iPS细胞创造出生物。这一结果首次证明，成年动物的身体组织可以变为各种细胞结构。新方法无需从胚胎中提取细胞，避免了伦理和道德方面的争议。
6.前列腺癌筛查不能明显降低死亡率
3月，美国国家癌症研究所的一项历时10年、涉及7.6万名男性的研究揭晓，观察结果表明，筛查和早期检测并不会降低前列腺癌的死亡率。
7.孤独症基因或被找到
研究人员找到了一个造成孤独症的“疑凶”———5号染色体的变异。5号染色体变异是15%的孤独症患者的主要病因。
8.骨质疏松症新药问世
当前，治疗骨质疏松症的药物主要是通过抑制破骨细胞的功能来发挥作用。目前，一种正接受美国食品和药品管理局审查的新药denosumab却另辟蹊径———它能直接抑制破骨细胞的生成。
9.老年痴呆症新基因被找到
9月，科学家再次“揪出”了3个可能引发老年痴呆的新基因。
10.褐色脂肪有助减肥
4月，瑞典研究者在《新英格兰医学杂志》上撰文指出，现今成年人拥有的褐色脂肪量明显超过之前的估计。其他研究也发现，瘦人拥有的褐色脂肪数量远远多于胖人，而且褐色脂肪细胞在低温环境下更活跃。
The U.S. "Time" magazine Pingchu 2009 Top Ten Medical Breakthrough
Source: Global Times - Life Times Author: Li Tao at 09:45 on December 15, 2009
Near the end of the year, in accordance with established practice, the U.S. "Time" magazine has named its top ten medical breakthroughs in 2009, AIDS vaccine, influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccine, the United States to lift restrictions on stem cell research, new discoveries and major medical events are Bangshangyouming.
1. Breast X-ray angiography technique the new requirements
In November, the U.S. government medical advisory group provides regular screening for breast cancer information update. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force believes that women from the age of 50 started breast X-rays can be, instead of the original 40-year-old, inspection frequency should be changed every two years once a year before.
2. Dawn of AIDS vaccine
In September, the United States and Thailand, the researchers a mixture of two kinds of existing vaccines tested the new vaccine, a total of 16000 volunteers. The results show that the new vaccine can reduce the risk of HIV infection among vaccinated 31%, this is the first researcher to prove the vaccine can prevent HIV infection.
3. The United States to lift restrictions on stem cell research
March 9, Obama reversed the Bush administration made in 2001 to prohibit federal funding of human embryonic stem cell research requirements. While the Congress is still a law prohibiting the use of federal funding for scientists develop new embryonic stem cell lines, but the Government had endorsed the December 2 the first batch of 13 individual embryo stem cell lines, allowing scientists to be used in federally funded research activities, the National Health Research Institute is also on the hundreds of kinds of stem cell lines for evaluation.
4. Influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccine
Novel Influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccine into the United States, as well as all other countries in the northern hemisphere the "meat and potatoes." Including the United States, China and some other countries have successfully developed the Influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccine. In the first weeks of October, the United States everywhere there waiting for vaccination, "queue."
5. Skin cell clones
In July, Chinese scientists to use skin cells of adult mice successfully cloned mice with the ability to reproduce. This is the first time the use of iPS cells to create a bio. The results for the first time that adult animals can be turned into a variety of body tissue cell structure. The new method does not need to extract cells from embryos, avoiding the ethical and moral controversy.
6. Prostate cancer screening does not significantly reduce mortality
In March, the U.S. National Cancer Institute, one lasted 10 years, the study involved 76000 men, announced to observe the results indicate that screening and early detection does not reduce prostate cancer mortality.
7. Autism gene or to find
The researchers found a cause of autism, "the suspect" --- variation on chromosome 5. Chromosome 5 is a variation of 15% of the major cause of autism.
8. Osteoporosis Drug come
At present, the treatment of osteoporosis drugs, primarily by inhibiting osteoclast function to play a role. At present, one undergoing the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to review new drug denosumab is another way --- it can directly inhibit osteoclast formation.
9. Senile dementia of new genes have been found
In September, scientists have once again "uncovered" the three may lead to new Alzheimer's gene.
10. Brown fat, help lose weight
In April, the Swedish researchers in the "New England Journal of Medicine," the author pointed out that today's adults have brown fat was significantly more than prior estimates. Other studies also found that lean people have far more than the number of brown fat, fat people, and brown fat cells are more active in low temperature environments.
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