Center of the Universe - The Form of Existence of the Universe and the Causality of the World Jiang Yiquan, Yang Yimin (Kaijie Technology, Quanzhou, Fujian, China, 362000) (School of Information, Huaqiao University, Fujian, 362021) Abstract: This paper points out that the “mutual causality of power and motion” is the intrinsic nature of the universe and demonstrates the existence of the center of the universe and the self-consistency of the entire universe, thereby building the “center of the universe” theory. The discovery of the source of “power” and the principle of its natural existence are the focus of this paper. Keywords: Power, Power Space Quantification, Physical Structure, Dynamic Space, Center of Universe China Book Classification No.: N Literature Identification Code: A Introduction The unity of the principle of the existence of the “natural power”, the human perception of the universe, aeronautics technology, the physic unity theory, the Industrial Revolution, the way of thinking, the model of mathematic algorithm, the advancement of science, and even the material life of human happiness and peace in the next century are bound to usher in a new milestone. It’s noteworthy that after the revelation of the motion-power conservation and the physical structure in the natural world, improvement of science and technology through the motion-power causality may be conducive to the conversion of nuclear motion-power through the motion-power causality may usher in “free production” and recycling of materials needed by humanity in the history of scientific creation. Thus, humanity may be able to gain permanent satisfaction and self-sufficiency of resources needed though science and technology. The discovery of the origin and physical structure of natural power, and the rational perception of the natural causality laws, will provide humanity with a golden key to unravel the mystery. The origin of power or the “natural mechanism of universal gravitation” is a major question from the human history of natural sciences. More than three centuries ago, Leibniz questioned Newton on the origin of power and argued that Newton’s universal gravitation was an “enigmatic quality” defied explanation By examining the dual relationship between physical phenomena and mathematics, this paper infers the existence of the center of the universe and its invisibility and reveals the form of existence of power in the universe and scientific causality perception. Beginning with the definition of a few philosophical terms such as “natural existence”, “causality”, “nature” and “natural sciences”, this paper performs mathematical and logical analyses of the universe unity theory and presents the “ultimate logics” or “zero logics” concept.
Part I Overview of Definitions and New Concepts
Definitions and new concepts in this part are provided to ensure the unity of logics and to deduce the causes and effects. They are rational and logical questions arising from the revelation of the concept of “limits of human consciousness”, rather than physical hypotheses.
These definitions are required in order to ensure the unity of classic physical concepts and to forestall unbridled fabrications of new physical terms by individuals, thereby ensuring the consistency between the meanings of physical terms used and natural phenomena. This is essential to maintaining the unity of logics and natural relationships in the natural science system and obtaining the following philosophic logistical relationships and definitions.
I. Natural Existence
“Natural existence” refers to natural phenomena without a cause-and-effect relationship.
“Natural existence” is a logic concept in philosophy, belonging to the realm of philosophy above the cause-and-effect relationship. “Natural existence” is the “existence” whose cause cannot be identified by human beings, and represents the limits of human understanding of nature. Trying to account for “natural existence” with cause-and-effect relationship is an attempt to exceed the limits of human understanding and therefore will lead to paradoxical consciousness.
For example, in the cause-and-effect relationship between power and motion, the fact that “power changes motion” is a natural phenomenon that has no answer. We call this natural phenomenon without an answer “natural existence”. It is the most fundamental “natural existence” exceeding any cause-and-effect relationship.
II. Cause-and-Effect Relationship
After defining the consciousness of “natural existence”, we refer to the definite relationships among “motion and power sub-events” in natural existence as cause-and-effect relationships.
The cause-and-effect relationships among motion-power organizations constitute all cause-and-effect relationships in the universe. The universe is a natural event which exists due to the existence of motion and power. Natural power originates from motion, and any motion originates from power. They exist simultaneously in different spaces. Power and motion constitute the whole of the conservation and self-consistence of power in the universe and natural existence.
The above logic represents the limits of human understanding of motion and power and reveals the levels of limits in logic consciousness: using a cause-and-effect relationship to define the universe in natural existence is an act that exceeds the limits of human consciousness and contradicts natural logicality.
Cause-and-effect relationships can only be used to determine the relations among internal sub-events in nature; they can only reveal the motion-power conversion and motion and power organization issues within the universe.
Thus, cause-and-effect relationships are the partial relations within the “nature as a whole”.
III. Nature
Nature is defined as events, while the universe as a whole is defined as natural events without a cause-and-effect relationship.
“Natural existence” in Section I is a philosophic concept, while “nature” covers all practical and metaphysical events. This is how the two terms differ from each other. “Metaphysical” here refers to natural existence beyond the human field of view.
The universe is a natural event, so is the definitive motion-power conversion within the universe, but it is classified a sub-event of nature. Motion-power conversion is a sub-event of nature, so are the quantum, organizations, conversion and conservation of motion and power. Motion in the universe is the self-consistence of motion-power conversion and is a natural event that requires no “primary driving force”.
There are two laws of nature:
1) Nature is an aggregate at the highest level, while the universe as a whole is the aggregate of nature existence that exceeds any cause-and-effect relationship.
2) The existence of the universe as a whole is an organization existing under the reciprocation and self-consistence of motion and power, rather than originating from a cause-and-effect relationship.
IV. Natural Science
Natural science is defined as science that explores the laws of natural events and the cause-and-effect relationships of sub-events in the universe.
Natural science is the human endeavor to examine and understand the relations among events in the university and to determine the quantitative and qualitative causality of these relations. The ultimate purpose of natural science is to identify the most fundamental events in the universe and to determine the relations among these events.
According to The Philosophic Principles of the Unity between Mathematics and Physics
Only within these three “existential events” can the unity and self-consistence between human beings and natural science be built. Any attempt to introduce physical parameters that exceed these three “existential parameters” is a measurement and fulfillment that continues human history of science, lifestyles and habits. They are only applicable with part of the space within the cosmic system. The science system which has been built by human beings is a partial quantitative approximation of the organizational space of motion and power in the universe.
Natural science deals with the conserving conversion and quantification of motion and power in the cosmic space as causes and effects, as well as with relations of motion and power organizations.
V. Logical Limits (Zero Logic)
Logical limits or zero logic are a generic term for illogical events, phenomena, existences, cause-and-effect facts, wholeness, and nature.
Logic is a special and effective system of thinking in which human beings endeavor to understand nature. Rational logic is the most fundamental condition for emergence of rationality. Most rational logics of human beings are built only on cause-and-effect relationships and expressed in rigorous mathematical terms. Thus, cause-and-effect relationships are generally considered the highest means to interpret the world.
Apart from cause-and-effect relationships, however, there also exist natural events in the world which have no cause-and-effect relationship, such as many paradoxical allusions and the fact that “power changes motion”, a natural phenomenon which cannot be explained by identifying a cause-and-effect relationship.
Cause-and-effect relationships in mathematical physics can only be certain known facts and certain solutions. Events whose causes cannot be identified are natural attributes and zero-logic attributes. “Paradoxes” are also zero logics with no causality.
Are logics are related to thinking and consciousness, logical limits may as well be considered limits of human consciousness. This is a concept in the realm of philosophy.
All in all, the most fundamental zero-logic event within the cosmic system is the self-consistent event between motion and power. Thus, it can be inferred that self-consistence in the universe is a zero-logic event as well. The universe as a whole has no origin, but is the existence of the reciprocation of the components of the universe. “The reciprocation of the components” refers to the mutual self-sufficiency of “motion” and “power”. Such self-sufficiency makes it possible for the universe to exist.
As such, it’s a paradox in logics to purse the origin of universe.
VI. Interpretation of the Above Logics, Definitions and Laws
The above definitions and laws can be summarized as follows: the natural existence of the universe breeds definitive cause-and-effect relationships. Such cause-and-effect relationships, especially the spatial relationships between motion and power, constitute a subset of cosmic existence. The subset cannot be used to interpret the origin of the universe; it just constitutes the existence of the university.
In mathematical terms, this can be expressed as follows: “Natural existence” is a complete set
The above law demonstrates that any attempt to determine the cause and effect of the origin of the universe is a paradoxical logic that contradicts natural laws.
The universe is the self-consistent existence of motion-power conversion. The certainty of the cause and effect of this form of existence should be interpreted by science. It’s not possible for human beings to trace the origin of the universe by using this ascertained cause-and-effect relationship. Otherwise, attempts to trace the origin of the origin would become an infinite cycle of cause-and-effect paradoxes. This is the same as the impossibility for human beings to obtain a maximum definitive natural number.
Existence, nature and probability are the ultimate primary events in human cognition; they are the limits of cognition, consciousness, logics, and causality. For such logical limits, only by identifying the intrinsic cause-and-effect relationship and the self-consistent existence can human beings gain the ultimate understanding of the cosmic existence. Using cause-and-effect relationships to trace the origin of the universe will inevitably lead to a paradox.
The universe as a whole should exist in human’s cognitive consciousness as a self-consistent existence concept. In other words, the concepts of “natural existence” and “self-consistent existence” should be embraced. Obsession with cause and effect will prevent people from gain a complete understanding of the reciprocation between motion and power.
The acceptance of the concept of logical limits and the understanding of the reciprocation and self-sufficiency of motion and power are perceptions of the limits of human consciousness. They are an acknowledgement of the existence of the highest limits of logics in consciousness.
Today, human beings consider the cause-and-effect relationship in science to be the highest pursuit, and the logics relating to the limitations of human consciousness are defined as an important yet simple abstract philosophic principle ignored by the scientific community. If science contradicts the philosophic principle that “existence” is higher than “causality”, it will be reduced to a paradox about “the origin of the universe” that falls outside of the realm of human consciousness.
In other words, science must be built on the philosophy and logics of natural principles.
The fact that human beings are not in a position to find out the origin of the universe is an inevitable event. If human beings come up with a hypothesis on the origin of the universe, problems already “existing” before the origin comes about will still beset the hypothesis. As such, it’s imperative to embrace the highest genuine self-consistent existence, which is the “natural universe in which motion and power reciprocate each other”.
The above elaboration of logic may cause some people to reckon that “existence” has been deliberately created beforehand and feel the hollowness and abstractedness of philosophic logic. When we discover another natural existence by scientific means and reveal the principle of the natural existence of “power”, the unity and linkage between science and logic philosophy will contribute to human understanding of the world.
The above viewpoints on the universe can be divided into two systems – logic and science:
(1) Logic: The reason for the natural existence of the universe cannot be deduced with a mode of thinking focused on cause-and-effect relationships; the existence can only be embraced through the self-sufficiency between motion and power and through the self-consistence of motion and power organizations.
(2) Science: It sheds light on the self-consistent methods in the universe’s internal phenomena, which boils down to the cause-and-effect relationship pursued by human science.
After views on the existence of the self-consistent natural universe have been built, it’s the primary objective of natural science to identify the means of existence within the universe and determine the causality and connections of all components of the universe. Science is aimed at probing and identifying the basic laws of the operations of the universe and the consciousness of reasonable existence. The rationality of the above logics can also be deduced with the causality of science.
VII. Analysis of the Seven “Existential Events” within the Cosmic System
As described above, there are only three basic existential elements in the natural universe: space, motion, and power. Conversion between motion and power is not only the foundation of the self-consistent existence of the universe, but also the natural mechanism of the stable conservation of the universe as a whole.
According to the simple rules of methodology, unified basic methods are obtained for natural science by studying the quantitative and qualitative cause-and-effect relationships of the three existential events.
On the strength of a summarization of achievements in human civilization and findings of scientific research, under the guidance of mathematics, and on the basis of the logical inference rules in methodology, classical dynamics, the Theory of Relativity, and biology have been consolidated to derive the fact that all events in human scientific descriptions can be summarized into the interwoven existence of the three events within the cosmic space:
(a) Conversion of motion and power conservation (natural dynamic physics);
(b) Quantified forms of the size of motion and power (particle physics); and
(c) Evolution of quantified motion and power organizations (self-organized systems: physical structure, molecular structure, and evolution of animals and plants).
In modern physics, all other physical parameters extended from the foregoing three events are the abstraction of human consciousness of the three natural existential events; they are parameters defined by human consciousness and perception; they are also physical parameters derived from quantitative computations in human science and technology, rather than primary physical events in natural existence.
Following are a brief classification, definitions and mathematical expressions of the three existential events:
(I) Space: Space falls into two categories: (a) static space (zero-power space), and (b) power space of a certain quantity.
Human visual observations and empirical studies are limited to power space of a certain quantity. Static space is a non-explicit space unattainable by human beings and is the “margin” of the universe. Likewise, the center of the universe, which is the largest power space in the universe, is a dynamic space invisible to human beings (see Figures 1 and 2).
(II) Motion: Motion is produced by power. The fact that “power changes motion” is a macro representation in which human beings see the essence of nature; it’s human sensory perception of limited motion and power organizations; it’s also the representative concept of the natural phenomenon that “power changes motion” in human experience; and it’s the empirical concept generated to facilitate the quantified computations of certain power organizations.
(III) Power: The fact that “motion produces power” is another cause-and-effect relationship in the reference system of the universe as a whole. As the human field of vision cannot cover the entire universe and the power produce by human visual movements is extremely weak, the fact that “motion produces power” is another non-explicit fundamental characteristic of nature hardly in the human macro consciousness and the cause-and-effect relationship of power.
(IV) Quantification of Space Motion and Power Conversion: The amount of motion depends on the amount of power. The amount of motion and the amount of power are in a definitive cause-and-effect relationship in the cosmic system. Universe conservation and energy conservation are the natural laws of power conservation. The amount of natural power depends on the amount of physical energy.
Motion and power are overall events existing simultaneously within different spaces inside the universe. The coexistence of motion and power takes up space of a certain volume. In classical physics, the space filled by such motion and power is referred to as a “field”; for example, the flow of electrons creates a magnetic field, and the movement of the earth produces a force field.
(V) The mathematical quantification of motion, power and space be given an abstract representation through the ideal equation f=v/r. Its representation of equations of various degrees and the unified spatial-field equation set derived from calculus can be found in the reference
(VI) While trying to understand nature, it’s also necessary to examine the relationship between man and nature.
VIII. Macro Analysis of the Position of Human Beings in the Universe
From the definition of space in the preceding section, we know that human field of vision is limited to the extent of the dynamic space of the universe and cannot exceed the power space of a certain quantity. Therefore, all matters around human beings undergo absolute motion and power conversion.
In the cosmic system, the Theory of Dynamics which was built by
As
As the space occupied by human beings is extremely limited compared with the entire universe, there exists in the universe a power space of a magnitude which cannot be empirically verified by human beings. As such, human understanding of the universe inevitably contains a non-explicit power space.
The largest power space in the universe (the center of the universe) and the zero-power space (the margins of the universe) are non-explicit power space in human field of vision. This cosmological model is similar to Einstein’s stationary cosmological model which has boundaries but no margins.
In summary, human empirical understanding cannot cover the entire universe. Identifying the limits of human empirical understanding of the universe is part of human natural science, and represents the entirety of empirical science. As such, the set of empirical science is far smaller than the entirety of the universe. From a scientific point of view, the universe is an empirical (explicit) and non-empirical (non-explicit) overall power space.
The entire galaxy is just a tiny part of the set of power space in the universe; therefore, human glimpse of the power space in the universe is extremely limited. It’s because of the existence of the non-explicit power space that human beings consider finite universe to be infinite.
Within the cosmic system, the most complex, advanced and inscrutable power organizational structures ever discovered by human beings are animals and human beings themselves.
The defining characteristic of human beings is their subjective initiative, which can be employed to alter some power organizational structures in the earth space. This is the most magical natural event in Mother Nature.
This subjective initiative allows human beings to divide natural science into two scientific systems: natural science and social science. Following is a further analysis of the natural science defined above.