艾滋病起源之谜 中国社区药物维持治疗网络已全部覆盖吸毒“重灾区”


中国社区药物维持治疗网络已全部覆盖吸毒“重灾区”

 
 
 
 
 

中国社区药物维持治疗网络已全部覆盖吸毒“重灾区” 
    2010年12月14日 18:56:46  来源: 新华网

 
图示∶2010年12月即将出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构 
 
 

慢性艾滋病早期中医药治疗保障生命论证

 

    新华网贵阳12月14日电(记者 王丽 李惊亚)自2004年启动社区药物维持治疗毒瘾工作至今,中国在毒品危害较为严重地区,已全部完成社区药物维持治疗门诊的布建工作,建成了覆盖全国重点地区的毒瘾治疗网络。

    记者从卫生部14日在贵阳举行的中国社区药物维持治疗工作总结会上获悉,经过近7年努力,中国社区维持治疗经历了从局部试点到全面推广、从简单治疗到综合服务、从主抓门诊数量到门诊数量与工作质量并重的显著变化,在艾滋病防治和禁吸戒毒工作中发挥了重要作用。

    卫生部疾病控制局副局长郝阳说,近两年,中国社区药物维持治疗覆盖地区、覆盖人数大幅提高,已建成覆盖全国重点地区的治疗网络。截至2010年11月底,中国已在27个省(区、市)的588个区县建立社区美沙酮维持治疗门诊696个,累计治疗吸毒成瘾人员29万余人。其中最近两年,中国美沙酮门诊新收治吸毒成瘾人员11.9万人,占累计收治人数的40%。

    据了解,截至目前,中国警方动态管控吸毒人数达到500人以上区县已有97%建立了社区药物维持治疗门诊或延伸服药点,已为社区约75%的符合条件的滥用阿片类物质(主要指海洛因)成瘾者提供维持治疗服务,基本完成了国务院在《中国遏制与防治艾滋病行动计划(2006-2010)》提出的目标要求。

    “一些偏远地区也开设了延伸服药点。”郝阳说,中国的云南、四川、广西、新疆等省、区根据吸毒人群居住分散的特点,依靠固定门诊,在远离门诊但吸毒人员居住又相对集中的偏远区域和乡镇开设维持治疗延伸服药点,方便偏远地区吸毒人员参加治疗,增加了治疗服务覆盖面。

    社区药物维持治疗在减少中国吸毒人群中艾滋病传播相关高危行为,预防艾滋病的传播方面成效显著。评估结果显示,吸毒人员在参加治疗一年后,近一个月有注射吸毒行为的比例从78%下降到7%左右,并维持在这一低水平。中国参加维持治疗吸毒人员的艾滋病病毒新发感染率在0.7%左右,远远低于社区普通吸毒人员3%至8%的新发感染水平。

    中国卫生和公安部也同步开展密切合作,实现吸毒人群在强制隔离场所与社区药物维持治疗的“无缝对接”,社区药物维持治疗在巩固戒毒成果、萎缩毒品消费市场、减少毒品社会危害方面发挥了重要作用。

    “心理治疗、社区帮扶等新的治疗形式,越来越多地引用到中国社区维持治疗中来。”中国疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病预防控制中心主任吴尊友说,随着维持治疗工作深入开展,单一的美沙酮药物治疗已不能满足参加维持治疗吸毒人员的要求,中国许多维持治疗门诊开展了健康知识宣传、艾滋病预防、毒品知识危害宣传教育等工作,并采用积分奖励等激励机制,鼓励更多的病人保持治疗。

    近两年,中国维持治疗门诊还陆续实行了IC卡数据信息管理系统,实现了门诊治疗数据的电子化、网络化管理,显著提高了门诊工作效率,既方便病人异地转诊治疗,也提高了治疗数据的安全性、实效性和可利用性。

    随着中国维持治疗从扩大数量向提高质量转变,也面临许多新的挑战。据了解,目前中国平均每个门诊在治吸毒人数为173人,但不同地区门诊治疗人数差别较大,最多的超过1300人,而最少的只有几个人。此外,社区药物维持治疗用的美沙酮口服液是国家法律规定严格管理的麻醉药品,但个别地区门诊存在美沙酮口服溶液流失等现象,也对中国麻醉药品管理提出新的考验。

    郝阳说,今后几年,中国在维持治疗尚未覆盖、在册吸毒人员较多的地区还将加快门诊建设,尽快为吸毒成瘾人员提供治疗服务。同时,中国将通过建立延伸服药点等方式,为更多偏远地区吸毒人员提供方便可及的维持治疗服务。
 
China's network of Community Drug maintenance treatment of drug abuse have been covered by the "hardest hit"
    
December 14, 2010 18:56:46 Source: Xinhua
    
Xinhua Guiyang, December 14 (Xinhua WANG LI Jing-Ya) since start of 2004 the work of the Community Drug addiction maintenance treatment so far, China has more serious drug hazard areas, has been completed community-based drug maintenance treatment clinics in the deployment work built a nationwide network of key areas of drug addiction treatment.

    
14 journalists from the Ministry of Health, held in Guiyang, China, community-based drug maintenance treatment review meeting was informed that, after nearly 7 years of hard work, community maintenance therapy in China has gone from local pilot to full extension, from the simple treatment to integrated services, from the main control the number of out-patient clinics to both quantity and quality of the significant changes in the Drug Prevention and Treatment of AIDS prevention and to play an important role.

    
Ministry of Health, Bureau of Disease Control, said Hao Yang, deputy director of the past two years, the Chinese Community Drug maintenance treatment coverage area, covering a substantial increase in number, have been built covering the major regions of the treatment network. As of the end of November 2010, China has 27 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), 588 districts and counties to establish community-696 methadone maintenance treatment clinics, treatment of drug addicts who accumulated 29 million people. Where the last two years, the Chinese drug addicts admitted to methadone clinic staff the new 11.9 million, accounting for 40% of the cumulative number admitted.

    
It is understood that, as of now, the dynamic control of the Chinese police to drug addicts with more than 500 counties have 97% of the established community clinics or extended maintenance treatment of drug taking point, the community has about 75% of eligible opioid abuse (mainly refers to heroin) addiction treatment services provided to maintain the basic completion of the State Council in the "China Plan of Action for Containment and Control of AIDS (2006-2010)" presented the objectives and requirements.

    
"Some remote areas have opened an extension of taking points." Hao Yang said that China's Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangxi, Xinjiang and other provinces, autonomous regions scattered according to the characteristics of drug users, relying on a fixed out-patient, but drug addicts away from the residential and outpatient the relative concentration of the remote areas and towns to open an extension of medication maintenance treatment point for drug addicts in remote areas to participate in treatment, increase treatment coverage.

    
Community Drug maintenance treatment in reducing HIV transmission among drug users in China-related risk behaviors and prevent the spread of AIDS, with remarkable results. Evaluation results show that drug users participating in treatment one year after the acts of the past month have injected drugs increased from 78% to 7% or so, and maintained at this low level. Drug users in China in the maintenance treatment of HIV infection in newly issued 0.7%, far lower than the general community of drug addicts 3-8% level of new infections.

    
Health and Ministry of Public Security of China is also working closely synchronized to achieve drug users place in the compulsory isolation of drug maintenance therapy and the community, "seamless" community treatment of drug maintenance treatment results in the consolidation, shrinking drug consumption market, reduce the social harm of drugs play an important role.

    
"Psychological treatment, community treatment and other new forms of aid, more and more references to the Chinese community to maintenance therapy." China Center for Disease Control and Prevention director of STD and AIDS prevention and control center, said Mr Wu, with the depth maintenance treatment , a single drug therapy has been methadone maintenance treatment can not meet the participation requirements of drug addicts, many of maintenance treatment clinic in China launched a propaganda and health, AIDS prevention, drug education and publicity work against the knowledge and use of reward points and other incentives to encourage more patients to maintain treatment.

    
Past two years, maintenance treatment clinic in China has gradually implemented a data management system for IC cards, to achieve the out-patient treatment data, electronic, network management, significantly improve the efficiency of the clinic, both to facilitate referral of patients off-site treatment, also increased treatment of data security, effectiveness and availability.

    
With the expansion of maintenance treatment from a number of changes to improve the quality, but also faces many new challenges. It is learned that China's average number of outpatient drug use in the treatment of 173 people, but the number of outpatient treatment in different regions vary greatly, up more than 1,300 people, while only a few people at least. In addition, the Community Drug use methadone maintenance treatment is a national law providing for strict management of narcotic drugs, but some areas the loss of out-there phenomena such as methadone oral solution, but also on the management of narcotic drugs in China a new test.

    
Hao Yang said the next few years, not yet covered in the maintenance treatment, more drug addicts in the book will also speed up the out-patient building of the area as soon as possible to provide treatment services for drug addicts. Meanwhile, China will extend through the establishment of drug points, etc., for more convenient drug users in remote areas and the maintenance of treatment services available.

 
 
 
 
 

[ 作者:佚名    转贴自:本站原创    点击数:196    更新时间:2010-12-15    文章录入:nnb ]

 

艾滋病起源之谜

 
 
 
 
 

艾滋病起源之谜

(2010-12-14 23:40:34)

 
图示∶2010年12月即将出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构 
 
 

慢性艾滋病早期中医药治疗保障生命论证

 

    上个世纪80年代初,艾滋病首先在美国被识别。在那个时期,艾滋病患者主要在美国,尤其是同性恋者,以至于当时人们将艾滋病称为“同性恋的癌症”,并以艾滋病的蔓延来警告和批评西方社会的“性自由”。当时世界各地的艾滋病患者大多也是由美国传播出来的。按照80年代艾滋病最初的发生情况,人们似乎得出结论说,它是发生于西方社会的一种流行病。然而,将近30年过去了,全世界死于艾滋病的人约2500万,超过第一次世界大战的死亡人数。那么,艾滋病的首发地美国有多少人死于艾滋病?截止到西历2005年,美国死于艾滋病的人约1.7万人。哪里死于艾滋病的人最多?非洲。目前,全世界艾滋病感染者约6000万人,70%在非洲。全世界已经死于艾滋病的2500万人中,80%是非洲人,也就是说,非洲死于艾滋病的人数约2000万。
    非洲总人口约9亿,比美国高3倍。但是,非洲死于艾滋病的人数却比美国高近1200倍,按人均来算,非洲死于艾滋病的人数也要比美国高出400倍左右。我们如何解释这个现象?首先我们可以说,那是因为美国医疗水平比较高,而且美国比非洲富裕得多。艾滋病出现后不久,美国发明了能够控制艾滋病的药,即所谓鸡尾酒疗法。但那个时候,使用鸡尾酒药物控制艾滋病一年的医药费约在2万美元左右,非洲人根本用不起。如今,据美国《新闻周刊》报道,鸡尾酒药物一年的花费不到140美元。如此巨大的价格差,我们不知道当初的天价是美国医药公司的暴利,还是它真的大幅度降低了成本。当年,非洲人就说过,对于艾滋病,美国有药,但是就是不给非洲穷人用。当然,美国可以说,那个时候药这么贵,谁会花那么多钱去做好事?然而,即便现在鸡尾酒药物一年的费用降低到了140美元左右,发展中国家得到药物治疗的人,也才130万人左右,与庞大的感染人群相比,微不足道。在这样一个过程中,约2000万的非洲人已经死了,产生了1000多万失去父母的孤儿,还有4000万左右的艾滋病感染者,能够得到药物控制的,只在2-3%之间,其余的人,大约都会在几年后死去。因此,在非洲早就有人说,艾滋病是为非洲人定制的流行病。拿140美元与2万美元作比较,人们有理由怀疑,当初每年2万美元的鸡尾酒药物治疗费,并不是真正的成本,而是暴利,或者在这个暴利的背后,还有一个目的:就是不让非洲人得到治疗。
    从艾滋病被识别确认后,有一个问题就引起人们的疑问:这个病来自哪里?后来,美国的专家说,艾滋病来自于非洲丛林的灵长类动物,这个说法渐渐也成为学术界的定论。但是,关于艾滋病起源于非洲的说法实际上是难以令人信服的。假设艾滋病真的起源于非洲丛林的灵长类动物,那么,为何不见非洲灵长类动物大批死亡?如果说非洲灵长类动物能够携带艾滋病病毒,自己又不会感染,那么,是否说明非洲灵长类动物的体内已经有了对于艾滋病的抗体?如此,岂不能方便地寻找到预防艾滋病的疫苗?为何这么多年丝毫不见这方面的艾滋病研究?再说,非洲现在还有一些居民生活在从林中,与灵长类动物很接近,非洲还有一些居民有食用灵长类动物的古老习惯,但是,这些居民中,并不见艾滋病的高发。相反,同灵长类动物一起生活于丛林的非洲人,艾滋病的感染率反而较低,甚至没有。因此,艾滋病起源于非洲丛林灵长类动物的说法,基本站不住脚。然而,多年来,西方学术界根本不管这些,只管把艾滋病的源头推到非洲丛林,因为,这个缺乏根据的定论似乎可以方便地解释,为何非洲的艾滋病患者如此之多。
    这确实是一个奇异的现象:世界上最早发现艾滋病的是美国,当初艾滋病人数最多的也是美国。但是,过了几十年,富裕的美国靠自己很快发明的药物控制了艾滋病,大大减少了艾滋病导致的死亡,以至于又可以性自由了。另一方面,艾滋病最大的受害者却是贫穷的非洲,以至于连艾滋病的源头也被认定是非洲。如此,我们就能理解,为什么一些有文化、有知识的非洲人会说:艾滋病是为非洲定制的流行病,定制的死亡。事实上,在艾滋病刚被美国确认不久,西方就有科学家指出,艾滋病来自美国的实验室,并非来自大自然。后来,人们发现,美国军方的一些秘密报告显示,艾滋病很可能与美国军方的秘密实验有关。只不过,这些消息都被美国和世界主流媒体忽略,不知道是否是故意。对此,我们真的希望像阿桑奇那样的人更多一些,维基泄密除了泄露美国的外交机密外,还应该多泄漏些美国的军事科研机密,以便全世界人民更容易看清真相。
    柴卫东先生所著的《生化超限战》一书中介绍到,著名企业家、慈善家比尔-盖兹先生曾经明白无误地说,他所推行的慈善计划要使全世界的人口减少10-15%。我们不禁要问:比尔-盖兹先生的慈善,如何才能做到这般大规模地减少人口?世界人口减少10-15%,也就是总量6-9亿人口,差不多就是非洲的总人口。世界首善这么宏伟的一个目标,如何才能实现?也许,艾滋病在过去30年中的发展经历可以给我们一些启示,或者给我们考虑问题的另一个角度。

 

艾滋病起源之谜

Mystery of the origin of AIDS
    
(2010-12-14 23:40:34)
       
Early 80s of last century, AIDS was first recognized in the United States. During that period, mainly in the United States, AIDS patients, particularly homosexuals, so that when people with AIDS as "gay cancer", and the spread of AIDS to warn and criticism of Western society "sexual freedom." At that time most of the world AIDS is spread out by the United States. According to the first 80 years the incidence of AIDS, people seem to conclude that it occurs in an epidemic in Western society. However, nearly 30 years later, who died of AIDS around the world about 25 million, more than World War I, the number of deaths. So, starting in AIDS, how many people died of AIDS in the United States? As to the Western calendar in 2005, who died of AIDS in the United States about 1.7 million people. Where most people die of AIDS? Africa. Currently, about 6,000 people living with HIV around the world people, 70% in Africa. The world people have died of AIDS in 2500, 80% of Africans, that is, the number of people died of AIDS in Africa about 20 million.
    
Africa's total population of about 9 million, 3 times higher than the U.S.. However, the number of people died of AIDS in Africa than the United States, nearly 1200 times higher, for each individual, the number of people died of AIDS in Africa than the United States is about 400 times higher. How do we explain this phenomenon? First of all we can say that it is because a relatively high level of U.S. health care, and much more prosperous than the United States than in Africa. Soon after AIDS, the United States invented the drugs to control AIDS, the so-called cocktail. But at that time, the use of drug cocktails for AIDS control medical expenses one year about 2 million dollars, Africans simply can not afford. Now, according to the U.S. "Newsweek" reported that cocktail of drugs cost less than $ 140 a year. Such a huge price difference, we do not know the original price was U.S. pharmaceutical company profits, or is it really a significant reduction in costs. At that time, Africans have said, for AIDS, the United States medicine, but is not used to the poor in Africa. Of course, the U.S. can say that medicine is so expensive that time, who would spend so much money to do good? However, even if the annual cost of drug cocktail is now down to 140 dollars, medication in developing countries who are only 130 million people, compared with the huge crowd of infection is insignificant. In such a process, about 20 million Africans have died, resulting in more than 1,000 million orphans, there are about 40 million people living with HIV, can be drug control, only 2-3% the others, some will die in a few years. Thus, in Africa, has long been said that AIDS is the African custom of the epidemic. Take $ 140 compared with $ 20,000, there is reason to suspect that the original $ 20,000 per year in the cocktail of drugs and treatment, not real costs, but profits, or behind the huge profits, there is a purpose: that is not Let Africans be treated.
    
After confirmation from AIDS was identified, there is a problem cause people to doubt: this disease come from? Later, the United States, experts say AIDS came from jungle primates in Africa, this view has gradually become an academic conclusion. However, the origin of AIDS in Africa was in fact hardly convincing. Assuming AIDS really originated in the African jungle primates, then, why not see a large number of dead primates in Africa? If the African primates can carry HIV, but it is not infected, then, is that the body of the African primates already have antibodies for HIV? So, would not be easy to find a vaccine to prevent AIDS? Did not see why so many years of AIDS research in this area? Moreover, there are still some residents in Africa live in from the forest, and very close to primates in Africa and some residents of the old habit of eating primates, but these residents do not see a high incidence of AIDS. On the contrary, live with the primates in the African jungle, but a lower prevalence of AIDS, not even. Therefore, AIDS originated in the African jungle primates to say, basically untenable. However, over the years, Western academics do regardless, just push the source of AIDS into the bush, as this conclusion seems unfounded can easily explain why so many AIDS patients in Africa.
    
This is indeed a strange phenomenon: the world's first discovery of AIDS in the United States, had the largest number of AIDS is the United States. But after a few years off quickly on their own invention of the United States control of the AIDS drug, significantly reduced the AIDS deaths, so that they can of the free. On the other hand, the greatest victims of AIDS in Africa is poverty, so that even the source of AIDS in Africa has been identified. So, we can understand why some culture, knowledge of Africans will say: AIDS is an epidemic of African custom, customized death. In fact, AIDS has just been confirmed near the United States, Western scientists have pointed out that AIDS laboratories from the United States, not from nature. Later, it was found that some of the secret U.S. military report shows that AIDS may be related to the secret U.S. military experiment on. But, these messages are the mainstream media ignored the United States and the world, do not know whether it is intentional. In this regard, we really hope that more people like A Sangqi some wiki leaks in addition to disclosure of secret U.S. diplomacy, but also should be some more leaks of confidential U.S. military research to people around the world more easily see the truth.
    
Mr. Chai Weidong book "Biochemical unrestricted warfare", a book introduced to the well-known entrepreneur and philanthropist Bill - was unmistakably Mr. Gates said he plans to make charitable implemented to reduce 10-15% of the world's population . We must ask: Bill - Mr. Gates charity, how can we achieve such a large scale to reduce the population? 10-15% reduction of the world's population, which is the total amount of 6-9 billion people, almost the total population is African. The world's leading city so grand a goal, how to achieve? Perhaps, AIDS in the past 30 years of development experience can give us some inspiration, or give us another angle to consider the issue.

 

 
 
 
 
 

[ 作者:佚名    转贴自:本站原创    点击数:196    更新时间:2010-12-15    文章录入:nnb ]