吸毒感染艾滋病孤儿在绝望中挣扎毒品笼罩下的援助
彝人自救 更新于2010年12月19日
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| 图示∶2010年12月即将出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构 |
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尽管在北京拥有现代文明造就的舒适生活，但在中央民族大学任教的侯远高，他的心中一直牵挂着四川凉山彝族山区被毒品、艾滋病危害的农民。在一个偶然的机会他获得了中美商会的资助，去四川调查彝族吸毒、感染艾滋病的人群，他发现凉山毒品在20世纪90年代就已泛滥，而且问题比较严重，占到四川吸毒人的50%以上。
家庭在毒品泛滥中崩溃
靠近边境地区的凉山，当地人获取毒品的价格也低廉，而贩卖毒品的猖獗是导致当地吸毒、感染艾滋病增加的一个重要原因。一克海洛因在边境地区40多元能买到，而到昆明就涨到了100多元，当地村民吸一次毒如同抽一盒烟，他们并不觉得很昂贵。他们往住是因贫困走上贩毒，有了钱后又以吸毒来获得快感，因吸毒又使自己变得贫困，最终为吸毒将家产卖光变得一贫如洗。
侯远高去吸毒的乡村调查时，发现村民的房子几乎都是土砖房，家里除了吃饭的碗筷以外没有什么家具，甚至有些家连一床被子也没有，而且在吸毒后父母将地出卖，导致基本的生产资料也没有。
伴随着吸毒是艾滋病、肝病、心脏病、霍乱等疾病在乡村蔓延。而吸毒者在耗尽了家产后就变得一贫如洗，根本不可能有钱走进医院并支付高昂的医疗费，最终只有等到死亡来结束他们痛苦的人生。
也许害怕受到歧视，无论是吸毒的人员还感染艾滋病的人，都不愿意向调查人员透露真实的情况，使项目人员很难得到确切的数字。而感染者没有对症的药服用，当地政府更没有采取有效的办法去遏制毒品和艾滋病的扩散，只有一些精英分子自发成立了民间禁毒协会。协会人员的家属曾经因吸毒死亡，他们不愿意看到这种悲剧继续在乡村重演，便勇于站出来同贩毒分子作斗争。
但协会的人力和财力很有限，他们在深山面对的是分散的乡村，有时越过一个山头要走几个小时，难以准确地掌握到吸毒人员的情况，被查出的贩毒和吸毒人员也只是少数，而且协会一位禁毒队长还被贩毒分子砍伤，这说明他们的禁毒面临着很大的阻力和威胁。
孤儿在绝望中挣扎
调查人员发现，受毒品和艾滋病危害的孤儿还没有得到当地政府的重视，他们面临的人道主义危机被严重忽视和否认，因吸毒或艾滋病夺走生命留下的孤儿，在布拖区达到了1538人。许多失去父母又无人抚养的孩子，在变成了孤儿后不仅失去了接受教育的机会，而且生活处在没有保障甚至饥饿的威胁中，有些孤儿靠救济或捡废品为生。这些孤儿的家庭年收入有的50元以下，有的在100至200元，而这样的家庭在当地占大多数。
2005年2月25日，侯远高到凉山州昭觉县尔古乡尔古村调查贫困儿童时，发现一个7岁的男孩已经病了20多天，发烧使他什么作食物也吃不下去，只靠喝一点糖水维持着生命。前几天他被送到医院因没有钱又回到家，家人估计他活不了多久，正准备给他办后事。
站在床前，看着这个孩子骨瘦如柴和眼里流露出绝望、悲哀的神情，侯远高立即给县急救中心打电话，但急救中心的人说汽车已经派到西昌。面对孩子在死亡线上挣扎，他叫项目组的人员去公路拦了一辆汽车，将孩子送到昭觉县医院。
经过检查，这个孩子因极度营养不良，患有胸膜炎等疾病，体重只有12公斤。为了抢救这个孩子，侯远高从项目经费中拿出了3000元，孩子在得到救助后脱离了生命的危险。而这个叫曲比哈约的孩子，他的母亲2002年因吸毒死亡，父亲因贩毒品被判6年徒刑，家里的财产被父母吸毒卖得一干二净，留下他和两个哥哥由爷爷抚养，靠土豆维持生活的状况，不用说有基本的营养，就连生活也面临着得不到保障。
调查组的人员到一个乡村，得知一个感染艾滋病的妇女，正在用母乳给孩子喂奶，他们告诉这位妇女，这样做会给孩子带来感染。但这位妇女反驳说，彝族农村里的孩子如不用母乳喂养会死得更早。原来这位妇女在感染艾滋病后，家里没有钱买食品给孩子吃，而喂奶似乎是她唯一给孩子增加营养的办法。
以救助来抚慰创伤
面对毒品危害下村民在底层承受的痛苦，以及他们家庭的崩溃，持续的经济贫困和吸毒、艾滋病人群的不断扩大，孤儿得不到救助的严重问题，侯远高认为过去单纯的研究只是写调查报告交上去，已经不能解决他们面临的危机，必须迅速对那些失去父母在死亡线上挣扎的孤儿，给予救助才能改变他们的命运，在中美商会的资助下他成立了凉山彝族妇女儿童发展中心。
对贫困家庭儿童的援助，中心采取对53名失学孤儿援助读书三年，每个孩子给40元的生活费。对因父母吸毒感染艾滋病死亡留下的7至12岁的孤儿开办了爱心班，选择了其中最贫困的45名实施救助。
中心第一批救助给41名儿童及其家庭发放了粮食、食油、衣服，并给抚养孤儿的家庭发放了21头小母猪。第二次对200名孤儿发放了共4500斤大米、食用油85瓶以及300多件衣物。
同时侯远高在当地还办了一个手工生产合作社。中心拿出7660元，挑选了26名家庭贫困的女孩子去接受为期两个月的裁剪刺绣培训。培训后组织她们租用了80多平方米手工生产车间，进行手工艺品生产，如编织一些毛巾、花布等，加工以后由妇女儿童中心收购，这给她们带来了一点收入。
但当地孤儿的医疗对侯远高来说，是一个很大的挑战，孤儿无论是小病还大病都没有钱治病，也许这需要他从社会筹集到更多的资源。
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新闻来源：公益时报
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Drug users AIDS orphans are struggling in despair of assistance the shadow of drugs
Yi people help themselves updated on December 19, 2010
Although Beijing has created a comfortable life of modern civilization, but in the Central University for Nationalities Hou far higher teaching, his heart has always been concerned about the mountains of Sichuan Yi by drugs, AIDS, harm farmers. In a chance that he won the U.S. Chamber of Commerce funded to investigate Sichuan Yi drug abuse, HIV-infected people, he found drugs in Liangshan 90 in the 20th century had spread, and a more serious problem, accounting for 50 people in Sichuan drug % or more.
The collapse of the family in the proliferation of drugs in
Liangshan region near the border, local access to low prices of drugs, and rampant drug trafficking led to the local drug abuse, HIV infection is an important reason for the increase. One gram of heroin in the border area 40 yuan can buy, and to Kunming, rose to 100 yuan, the local villagers smoke as a toxic smoke a Heyan, they do not find it very expensive. They go to live in poverty due to drug trafficking, money later to get the pleasure to drug abuse, drug abuse and to make itself a result of poverty, and eventually sold the family property for the drug will become penniless.
Hou far higher to the village drug investigation found that almost all the villagers adobe house room, outside the home but nothing to eat furniture, dishes, and even some home with a quilt can not, and after the parents in to sell drugs , resulting in the production of basic and no.
Along with drug abuse, AIDS, liver disease, heart disease, the spread of cholera and other diseases in the country. The depletion of the family property after drug addicts became destitute and could not pay the money into hospitals and high medical costs, and ultimately have to wait until death to end their painful life.
Perhaps the fear of discrimination, whether it is drug use HIV-infected people who also are not willing to disclose to investigators the real situation, the project staff is difficult to get exact figures. The infection is not symptomatic of drug use, the local government has not taken more effective measures to contain the spread of drugs and AIDS, only some of the elite anti-drug initiative set up a private association. Association of the families have died because of drugs, they do not want to see a repeat of such tragedies in the country, then the courage to stand up and fight with the drug traffickers.
But the association's human and financial resources are limited, they are scattered in the mountains facing the country, and sometimes a few hours to go over a hill, it is difficult to accurately grasp the situation of drug addicts, drug trafficking and drug abuse was found to only staff minority, and a Narcotics Officer Association of drug traffickers was also chopped, which indicated they were facing a lot of drug resistance and threats.
Orphans are struggling in despair
The investigators found that damage by drugs and AIDS orphans has not been the importance of local government, the humanitarian crisis they face is severe neglect and denial, claiming the life of drug abuse or AIDS orphans in the area reached 1538 Butuo people. Many lost their parents with no one dependent child, orphaned after the loss not only of educational opportunities, and living in insecure or even the threat of hunger, some orphans living on welfare, or pick up waste. Annual household income of these orphans, some 50 below, and some 100 to 200, and such families in the local majority.
February 25, 2005, Hou was much higher to the Liangshan Prefecture Seoul Zhaojue County, Township, Village Survey Ergu poor children, they found a 7-year-old boy has been sick for more than 20 days, a fever that he could not eat anything for food to go drink some sugar water alone sustain life. A few days ago he was taken to hospital because there is no money home, family, estimated that he not live much longer, is preparing to do his funeral.
Standing on the bed, watching the child in his eyes gaunt and desperate, sad look, Hou much higher immediately call the county emergency center, but said the emergency center of the cars have already been sent to Xichang. In the face of a child dying, he called the project team personnel to road stopped a car, send their children to Zhaojue County Hospital.
After examination, the child due to extreme malnutrition, suffering from pleurisy and other diseases, weight only 12 kg. To rescue this child, Hou much higher funding from the project took out a 3,000 yuan, after the children have received assistance from the danger of life. And this is called song Bihar about the child, his mother died in 2002 due to drug abuse, his father was sentenced to 6 years for drug trafficking in prison goods, the family sold the property replacement in drug abuse by their parents, leaving he and his two brothers by the grandfather support, living conditions by potatoes, not to mention basic nutrition, and even face life without protection.
Investigation team personnel to a village and learned that a woman infected with HIV, the children are breast-feeding, they told the woman to do so would bring the infection of children. However, the woman retorted, Yi countryside, such as not breast feeding the child will die earlier. It turns out that women infected with HIV, the family had no money to buy food to feed their children, and breast-feeding appears to be her only way to increase nutrition to children.
To help to soothe the wounds
Villagers face the dangers of drug suffering at the bottom, and the collapse of their families, sustained economic poverty and drug abuse, AIDS, expanding populations, the serious problem of orphans without assistance, Hou much higher that the research is to write the past simple pay up investigation report has not solve the crisis they face, must be quick on those who have lost parents in the dying orphans, to give relief to change their fate, with funding from the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, he formed the Liangshan Yi Women and Child Development center.
Assistance to children of poor families, the center to support the 53 orphans out of school to study for three years, to 40 yuan for each child living expenses. HIV drug on the death of their parents left orphans aged 7 to 12 classes offered by love, choose one of the poorest 45 bailout.
Center for the first batch of relief to the 41 children and their families distributed food, cooking oil, clothing, and to foster home issued 21 gilts. The second release of 200 orphans, a total of 4,500 pounds of rice, cooking oil bottles and 85 300 pieces of clothing.
Hou also far higher in the local but also do a manual production cooperatives. Center out of 7,660 yuan, the selection of 26 girls from poor families to accept a two-month cut embroidery training. Training organizations, they rented a workshop manual than 80 square meters, the handicraft production, such as weaving some towels, cloth, etc., the processing after the acquisition by the Center for Women and Children, which provides them with little income.
But the local health care of orphans is far higher for Hou, is a big challenge, whether it is a small orphan disease is also no money to treat serious illness, that might take him from the community to raise more resources.
Source: Community Times |
