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"艾滋病就业歧视第一案":艾滋病感染者能否当老师
2010年12月27日 10:49正义网
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| 图示∶2010年12月即将出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构 |
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事件回放
2010年10月13日，“艾滋病就业歧视第一案”在安徽省安庆市迎江区法院如期开审。法院没有当庭宣判，但20岁的安庆小伙儿小吴“迈出了为自己维权的第一步”。
小吴报名参加了安庆市教育局组织的安庆市市直学校教师招聘考试，于2010年5月19日参加了笔试。笔试通过后，他又通过了6月28日的面试。7月12日，在安庆市教育局的安排下，小吴在安庆市立医院做了体检。然而，体检过后，小吴被确认“HIV-1抗体阳性”。 安庆市教育局对小吴作出了按照公务员体检标准“体检不合格，不予录用”的决定。小吴认为，自己报考的是教师职位，而教育局按照公务员体检标准拒绝他是违法行为。处于潜伏期的“艾滋病病毒感染者”在工作能力上与其他人并无任何不同，法律明文规定保护劳动者的平等就业权，于是8月27日，小吴将安庆市教育局告上法庭。
安庆市教育局在行政答辩状中援引了《事业单位公开招聘人员暂行规定》、《教师资格条例实施办法》、《安徽省教师资格实施细则》等规定，并指出教师岗位对身体条件有明确要求，有传染病或精神病史的人不得从事教师职业；此外，还根据《传染病防治法》指出，淋病、梅毒、艾滋病尚被列为乙类传染病进行管理。小吴的代理律师李方平认为，教师与公务员是不同的序列，没有上位法规定教师招考要适用公务员的体检标准。公务员录用通用体检标准是否合法也成为了庭外的关注焦点。
10月13日下午，民间反歧视公益机构北京益仁平中心向人力资源和社会保障部、卫生部寄送了一封建议信，建议尽快审查《公务员录用体检通用标准》以及《公务员录用体检操作手册》中的条款是否违法，删除或者修改该标准中造成对艾滋病病毒感染者歧视的条款，消除对于艾滋病病毒感染者的制度性健康歧视，并从具体操作层面上杜绝对艾滋病病毒感染者的歧视。
事件影响
我国《宪法》、《劳动法》、《就业促进法》、《艾滋病防治条例》等均明文规定保护劳动者的平等就业权。由于艾滋病病毒感染者有诸多顾虑，所以通过诉讼途径来维护自身就业权利的案例还没有出现过。小吴能够站出来，起诉用人单位的就业歧视行为，这表明艾滋病病毒感染者法律意识在增强。本案成为《就业促进法》实施之后我国第一起艾滋就业歧视诉讼案。
2006年3月1日正式施行的《艾滋病防治条例》明确规定，“艾滋病病毒感染者、艾滋病病人及其家属享有的婚姻、就业、就医、入学等合法权益受法律保护”。要想真正解决就业歧视问题，法律的保障是最基本的。
各方观点
原告代理律师北京瑞风律师事务所律师李方平：除宪法、劳动法外，我国其他相关法律法规也对艾滋病病毒感染者的平等就业等各方面权利有明确的保护；教师不是公务员，教师招聘按照公务员体检标准拒录艾滋病病毒感染者不合法。2008年1月1日起施行的《就业促进法》规定：“用人单位招用人员，不得以是传染病病原携带者为由拒绝录用。”
——2010年10月15日《中国青年报》
反歧视公益机构北京益仁平中心负责人于方强：近年来，就业歧视现象层出不穷，一些政策仍有待完善，政策漏洞仍有待弥补。“对艾滋病病毒感染者的歧视违背了法律面前人人平等的原则，导致了不公平，而最严重的是，加深了人们艾滋病可怕的印象，不仅不利于预防和控制艾滋病，还会成为社会的不安定因素”。 ——2010年8月27日《法制日报》
中国政法大学宪政研究所所长蔡定剑教授：中国应该尽快设立一部反就业歧视的基本法。在这部法规里应该对就业歧视进行一个明确地定义，其中还要包括设立一个怎样的机构去调解就业歧视，当遇到就业歧视后如何让受害人得到救助。除了立法以及司法救助的渠道进行完善，还应该依靠很多的NGO组织，对弱势群体进行帮助和支持。只有做到这些，才能让大学生和社会人士的就业不受到歧视伤害。
"The first case of AIDS discrimination in employment": AIDS can be a teacher
At 10:49 on December 27, 2010 Justice Network
Event Playback
October 13, 2010, "the first case of AIDS discrimination in employment" in Anqing Yingjiang District Court trial as scheduled. Sentencing court did not court, but the 20-year-old child named Wu Anqing guy "has taken the first step for their own rights."
Xiao Wu enrolled in Anqing City of Anqing city directly under the Organization Department of Education school teachers recruitment exam in May 19, 2010 took part in the written examination. Written by, he passed the June 28 interview. July 12, in Anqing City Department of Education under the arrangement, Xiao Wu, Anqing City in a medical hospital. However, after examination, Xiao Wu was recognized "HIV-1 antibody positive." Xiao Wu, Anqing City Board of Education has made on medical standards in accordance with civil service "examination failed, not hiring" decisions. Xiao Wu, think that they apply for a teaching position, and the Education Bureau in accordance with the standards of the civil service examination is an offense to refuse him. In the incubation period of the "HIV" in the ability to work with the other person is not any different, the law expressly provides for the protection of equal employment rights of workers, so on August 27, Xiao Wu, the Anqing City Board of Education to court.
Anqing City Board of Education in the administration invoked the pleadings "open recruitment institutions Interim Provisions", "Regulations for implementation of teacher qualification", "Anhui Teacher Certification Regulations" and other regulations, and that teachers have a clear position on the physical condition required have infectious diseases or history of mental illness may not become teachers; In addition, under the "Infectious Diseases Prevention Law," that, gonorrhea, syphilis, AIDS is still classified as Class B infectious diseases management. Xiao Wu's attorney Li Fangping that teachers and civil servants are different sequences, there is no superior law to recruit teachers to apply the standard civil service examination. General civil service recruitment examination whether the legal standard the court has become the focus of attention.
October 13 afternoon, the civil anti-discrimination public institutions Beijing Yi Ren Ping Centre Human Resources and Social Security, Ministry of Health sent a letter of recommendation letter, the proposed review as soon as possible, "General Standard for civil service recruitment examination," and "civil service recruitment examination manual "whether the provisions in the law, delete or modify the standard result in HIV discrimination provisions, elimination of HIV-infected persons for sexual discrimination in the system, and from the concrete operational level, how to stop HIV discrimination.
Events
China's "constitution" and "Labor Law", "Employment Promotion Law," "AIDS Prevention Act" expressly provides for the protection of workers Dengjun equal employment rights. Because many HIV-infected persons have concerns, so by litigation to defend the employment rights of its own case has not yet appeared. Xiao Wu is able to stand up and sue the employer for employment discrimination, suggesting that the legal awareness of HIV infection is growing. The case as "Employment Promotion Law" was implemented after the beginning of the first HIV discrimination in employment lawsuits.
March 1, 2006 the formal implementation of the "AIDS Prevention Act" clearly states that "HIV, AIDS patients and their families to enjoy marriage, employment, medical care, schooling and other legitimate rights and interests protected by law." To really solve the problem of employment discrimination, legal protection is essential.
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Refine plaintiff attorney law firm in Beijing Li Fangping: In addition to the constitution, labor law, the country has laws and regulations related to HIV-infected persons in areas such as equal employment rights have a clear protection; teachers are not civil servants, teachers, civil service recruitment in accordance with the refuse medical standards recorded HIV illegal. January 1, 2008 shall come into force "Employment Promotion Law" states: "Employers Zhaoyongrenyuan, infectious pathogen carrier shall not refuse Yishi employment."
- October 15, 2010, "China Youth Daily"
Beijing Yi Ren Ping public sector anti-discrimination Center for the strong side: In recent years, employment discrimination after another, some policies have yet to be improved, policy loopholes yet to be filled. "For HIV discrimination violates the principle of equality before the law, resulting in unfair and, most seriously, has deepened the impression that people fearful of AIDS, is not conducive to the prevention and control of AIDS, but also become of disorder. " - August 27, 2010, "Legal Daily"
Research Institute of China University of Political Science Constitutional Professor Cai Dingjian: China should set up an anti-discrimination in employment as soon as the Basic Law. In this employment discrimination laws should be carried out in a clear definition, which also include what kind of organization to set up a mediation of employment discrimination, employment discrimination when faced with how to make the victims have received assistance after. In addition to legislation and improve the judicial aid channels, but also a lot of NGO organizations should rely on the help and support vulnerable groups. Only do this in order for students and the community are not subject to discrimination in the employment injury.
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