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中国首例艾滋病就业歧视案”详情披露
http://www.huanqiu.com 2011-01-12 07:49 法治周末
毕业于一所师范院校的大学生小吴，报考安徽省安庆市教师职位时，因体检检出“HIV-1抗体阳性”，被挡在教师门外。觉得自己就业受到了“歧视”，小吴状告安庆市人社局和教育局，提起了中国首例艾滋病就业歧视案。一审败诉后，小吴提起上诉。
针对此案，有法律界人士呼吁，国家应明确传染病感染者从业范围
这个世界上叫“小吴”的人很多，在新浪博客，其中有个“小吴的博客”很特别，头像是一条象征关爱艾滋病病人的红丝带，界面图案是几只弱小的蚂蚁爬在两个光秃秃的巨石上。
一点开博客，就会响起日本漫画家宫崎骏《天空之城》里那首“啊……啊……啊……”独字歌，歌声哀婉绵长，听久了会让人心酸甚至泪下。
其中有段文字是这样写的：“我很茫然、很失望、很伤心、很无助、很无奈、很可怜、很悲剧……哎，我本身在悬崖边上，安庆法院的一槌无疑让我坠入万丈深渊。”
小吴作为中国74万名艾滋病病毒感染者之一，具体姓甚名啥已不重要，重要的是，他提起的这场诉讼引起了社会对艾滋病病人就业问题的关注。
觉得被歧视起诉维权
今年23岁的小吴是一所师范院校的应届大学毕业生。拥有教师资格证的他，理想的目标就是进城里的公立学校当一名老师。
2010年5月6日、7日，安徽省安庆市市直中学公开招聘中学教师领导小组办公室发布招聘公告，公开招聘教师80名。
小吴获悉这个信息，非常高兴。如果能在安庆市直中学里当一名教师，社会地位、经济收入都不错。
5月16日，小吴赶到安庆，报名参加考试。在2000多人参与的竞争中，他脱颖而出，分别通过笔试、面试，入围体检。“离成功越来越近，那些日子每天都充满喜悦和不安。”小吴说。
7月12日，小吴在安庆市立医院参加了安庆市教育局组织的体检。在焦急的等待中，小吴收到安庆市教育局发来的告知书，告知他体检结果为“不合格”。原因是“艾滋病病毒携带者，所以不合格”。
7月27日，小吴向安庆市教育局书面申请复检。8月6日，经安庆市疾病预防控制中心检验，确诊小吴HIV-1抗体阳性。8月12日，安庆市立医院向小吴出具了结论为“HIV-1抗体阳性，不合格”的体检报告。安庆市教育局根据体检报告，认定小吴不符合聘用教师的资格和条件，决定对小吴不予录用，并于8月15日向小吴送达了不予录用告知书。
“受不了那种恐怖、那种煎熬，每天都有想死的念头。”他说。
他觉得自己也“被歧视”了，决定走司法途径维权。随后，他聘请律师向安庆市迎江区法院递交诉状，状告安庆市教育局、安庆市人力资源和社会保障局。
其间，小吴最怕被亲戚、朋友、同学知道自己染了艾滋病病毒。“我现在想起来都不相信，自己当时怎么会有那么大的勇气状告教育局。”小吴回忆说。
为了保护小吴的个人隐私，迎江区人民法院决定不公开开庭审理此案。
报考教师能否按公务员标准体检
2010年10月13日，迎江区人民法院不公开开庭审理了此案。庭审中，双方围绕两大争议焦点展开辩论：安庆市教育局拒绝录用小吴是否合法；安庆市教育局用公务员的体检标准来招聘教师是否合法。
被告安庆市教育局委托的代理人称：原告经体检，后经复检，安庆市疾病预防控制中心检验确定原告HIV-1抗体阳性，安庆市立医院向被告出具了原告的体检报告，结论为“HIV-1抗体阳性，不合格”。被告据此认定原告不符合聘用教师的资格和条件，决定对原告不予录用，事实依据充分。
“本次的招录公告中就明确规定按照《公务员录用体检通用标准》，体检不合格取消聘用资格。”被告的委托代理人引用这一标准的规定说，“与乙型肝炎病毒携带者不同，不存在‘艾滋病病毒携带者’这一概念，所以没有‘艾滋病病毒携带者’的说法。这是因为HIV感染后几乎都会发病。所以，HIV感染的诊断一经确认，即作体检不合格的结论。”
小吴的委托代理人则认为，小吴报考的是教师，而非公务员。安庆市教育局没有权力在招聘教师中采用《公务员录用体检通用标准》，其程序是违法的。根据就业促进法的规定，“用人单位招用人员，不得以是传染病病原携带者为由拒绝录用。”而艾滋病防治条例第三条对艾滋病病毒感染者的就业、入学等权利专门做了明确的保护性规定。被告以原告“HIV-1抗体阳性，不合格”为由，使原告失去了被聘用为教师的机会，侵犯了原告依法享有的平等就业的权益。
安庆市教育局的委托代理人称，教师资格实施办法要求：教师需要具有良好的身体素质和心理素质，无传染性疾病，无精神病史，适应教育教学工作的需要，在教师资格认定机构指定的县级以上医院体检合格。
据此，《安徽省教师资格实施细则》、《安徽省教师资格申请人员体检标准及办法》也作出相应规定：性传播疾病属于体检不合格，不允许授予教师资格。
该代理人认为，《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》将淋病、梅毒、艾滋病等性传播疾病确定为乙类传染病进行防治。原告经体检被确认HIV-1抗体阳性，被医院认定体检不合格。说明原告不具备教师岗位的身体条件。被告依据上述法律法规以及部门规章、规范性文件所作出的对原告不予录用的决定于法有据。
被告安庆市人力资源和社会保障局提出：“此次招聘人员的人选由用人单位确定，我局只是在拟聘人员确定后履行批准和备案手续。安庆市教育局根据原告的体检结果，决定对原告不予录用，符合聘用教师有关法律规定。我局与原告没有直接关系，被告主体不适格。请求驳回原告对我局的起诉。”
当天的庭审持续了3个多小时，没有当庭宣判。
应明确传染病感染者从业范围
在法院开庭之前，恰好是新学年开始，小吴经人介绍找到了一份在私立学校当老师的工作。小吴虽然暂时有了一个自食其力的饭碗，但官司引发的社会反响，使他一直处于煎熬之中。
小吴的一位代理人在电话中向《法治周末》坦率地表示，假如自己的孩子遇见一名患了艾滋病的教师，肯定不会第一个让孩子离开班级，相信学校必定会重新调整任课教师。
今年11月12日下午，安庆市迎江区人民法院对此案作出一审判决，驳回了小吴的诉讼请求。
迎江区法院认为：教师作为教育教学的专业人员，应具备教育教学能力。教育教学能力，根据《中华人民共和国教师资格条例》第六条规定，应当包括符合国家规定的从事教育教学的身体条件。
为了预防、控制和消除传染病的发生和流行，保障人体健康和公共卫生安全，法律、法规在保护传染病患者合法权益的同时，对传染病患者就业岗位也作出了限制性规定。传染病防治法第三条第三款规定乙类传染病是指：传染性非典型肺炎、艾滋病、病毒性肝炎等……
该法第十六条第二款规定，传染病病人、病原携带者和疑似传染病病人，在治愈前或者在排除传染病嫌疑前，不得从事法律、行政法规和国务院卫生行政部门规定禁止从事的易使该传染病扩散的工作。
此案中，根据《公务员录用体检通用标准(试行)》第十八条规定，原告体检不合格，不符合《中华人民共和国教师法》对从事教师职业身体条件的要求。被告根据原告的体检报告作出不予录用决定，事实依据充分。
据此，迎江区人民法院判决驳回原告的诉讼请求。
11月29日，委托代理人代小吴向安庆市中级人民法院提起上诉。
“我们和小吴沟通过，只要败诉，我们肯定上诉，这涉及到数十万名HIV感染者的就业权利，还有对他们的隐私保护。”小吴的委托代理人说，“原本希望通过小吴的胜诉，会减弱社会对艾滋病病毒携带者的歧视，而败诉的结果，无形中扩大了社会公众对这个群体的歧视。”
一位资深行政审判法官告诉《法治周末》，无论此案的结果如何，这个问题已经摆到世人面前，已引起了广泛的关注，政府职能部门应该早日做出一个更明确、更规范、科学的规定，应明确什么样的传染病患者不能从事哪些职业。
外面的世界沸沸扬扬，小吴则躲在很少人知晓的角落里暗自伤悲。
《法治周末》通过QQ和小吴聊“天空之城”
我喜欢听凄凉的音乐
《法治周末》：你是真心喜欢教师的职业还是为了就业？
小吴：一半一半吧，刚开始我是为了就业。当我当上老师的时候，我发现教师的职业很好，我喜欢这个职业。而且当有人不让你当老师时，更觉得当教师可贵。
《法治周末》：家里人可晓得你现在的情况吗？
小吴：不知道。
《法治周末》：有些啥爱好呢？
小吴：我喜欢安静，喜欢听凄凉的音乐，喜欢看悲剧。《法治周末》：你现在期待二审吗？
小吴：是的。假如社会因为我的案子而进步，我当然高兴了，我活着会更有信心。
《法治周末》：你有什么样的希望？
小吴：希望国家会改变一些制度性歧视，那该多好啊！
《法治周末》：你现在对自己心中的“天空之城”是不是充满了希望？
小吴：是啊，是信念支撑着我。
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| 图示∶2010年12月即将出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构 |
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China's first AIDS discrimination in employment case "are disclosed
the rule of law over the weekend http://www.huanqiu.com 2011-01-12 07:49
Graduated from a university student named Wu Normal University, Anqing City, Anhui Province, teachers apply for jobs, because of medical detection of "HIV-1 antibody positive," the teacher blocked the door. Employment felt by the "discrimination", Xiao Wu, who sued the agency in Anqing City Council and the Department of Education, filed a case of China's first AIDS discrimination in employment. After losing the first instance, Xiao Wu appeal.
For this case, the legal profession have called for infectious diseases should be clearly state the scope of those practitioners
This world is called "Xiao Wu" many people in the Sina blog, which has a "Xiao Wu's blog" is very special, head is a symbol of the Red Ribbon AIDS care, the interface design is a few small ants crawling in the rock on two bare.
One o'clock a blog, it will ring the Japanese animator Hayao Miyazaki "Castle in the Sky" in that the first "ah ... ah ... ah ... ... ... ..." words alone songs, singing sorrowful long, long time will people listen to sad or even tears next.
Paragraph of which reads: "I am very confused, very disappointed, very sad, very helpless, very helpless, very poor, very tragic ... ... hey, I am the edge of the cliff, Anqing, the court undoubtedly a mallet I fall into the abyss. "
Xiao Wu, China 740000 as one of HIV, the specific name yet Han has not important, he brought this action against AIDS patients has aroused the concern of employment.
Feeling of being discriminated against prosecuted Rights
Xiao Wu is 23 years old this year, a teachers college in the university graduates. Teacher, he has the ideal goal is to into the city's public schools as a teacher.
May 6, 2010, 7, Anhui Province, Anqing City directly under the open recruitment of secondary school teachers recruitment bulletin issued by the Office Leading Group, open recruitment of 80 teachers.
Xiao Wu was informed that this information was very happy. If high school in Anqing directly under a teacher, social status, income are good.
May 16, Xiao Wu went to Anqing, register for the examination. In 2000 people took part in the competition, he stands out, respectively, through written tests, interviews, finalists medical examination. "From the success of getting closer, those days are filled with joy and anxiety every day." Xiao Wu said.
July 12, Xiao Wu, the hospital in Anqing City of Anqing City Board of Education participated in the organization's medical examination. Anxiously wait, Xiao Wu, Anqing City Board of Education received the Disclosure Statement sent to inform the results of his examination as "unqualified." The reason is "living with HIV, it failed."
July 27, the small Wuxiang An Qing City Board of Education a written application for re-examination. August 6, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Anqing City, testing, diagnosis of HIV-1 antibody positive Xiao Wu. August 12, Anqing City Hospital issued a conclusion to Xiao Wu, "HIV-1 antibody positive, unqualified," the medical report. Anqing City Board of Education according to medical reports, found Xiao Wu does not meet the qualifications and conditions of employment of teachers, Xiao Wu decided not to hire, and on August 15 was not hired to Xiao Wu served this book.
"Can not stand the horror, the kind of suffering, the idea want to die every day." He said.
He felt himself "being discriminated against", and decided to take the rights to justice. Later, he hired lawyers to the Court of Anqing City Yingjiang District filed a suit, sued the Anqing City Board of Education, Anqing City Human Resources and Social Security Bureau.
Meanwhile, Xiao Wu fear being relatives, friends, classmates know that they infected with the AIDS virus. "I do not believe now think of it, then how could it their courage sued the Department of Education." Xiao Wu recalls.
Xiao Wu in order to protect personal privacy, Yingjiang District People's Court decided the case without public hearing.
Teachers can apply the standard civil service examination
October 13, 2010, Yingjiang District People's Court hearing of the case closed. Trial, both parties focus around two contentious debate: Xiao Wu, Anqing City Board of Education rejected the legality of employment; Anqing City Board of Education with the civil service examination standards to the recruitment of teachers is legitimate.
Anqing City Board of Education commissioned the defendant's agent, said: plaintiff by physical examination, after reinspection, Anqing City Center for Disease Control and Prevention to determine the plaintiff test positive for HIV-1 antibody, Anqing City Hospital to the defendant, the plaintiff issued the medical report concluded that "HIV -1 antibody positive, unqualified. " The defendant hereby affirm that the plaintiff does not meet the qualifications and conditions of employment of teachers, the decision not to hire the plaintiff, the full facts.
"This time, the recruiting bulletin to clearly defined in accordance with the" General Standard for civil service recruitment examination, "cancel the employment eligibility check failed." Refer to the defendant's agent, said the provisions of this standard, "and the different hepatitis B virus carriers There is no 'HIV carriers' of the concept, so there is no 'HIV carriers' argument. This is because the incidence of HIV infection almost always. Therefore, HIV infection diagnosis is confirmed, the conclusion that a physical failure . "
Xiao Wu's agent believes that Xiao Wu registered for teachers, rather than civil servants. Anqing City Board of Education has no authority in the recruitment of teachers in the use of "general civil service recruitment examination standards", the procedure is illegal. According to the provisions of the Employment Promotion Act, "employers Zhaoyongrenyuan, infectious pathogen carrier shall not refuse Yishi employment." And Article III of AIDS Prevention and Control of HIV infected persons employment, schooling and other rights specifically made a clear protective provisions. Plaintiff "HIV-1 antibody positive, unqualified" on the grounds that the plaintiff lost the opportunity to be employed as teachers, violated the plaintiffs are legally entitled to equal employment rights.
Anqing City Board of Education's agent said the approach requires the implementation of teacher qualifications: teachers need to have good physical and mental qualities, no infectious diseases, no history of mental illness to meet the needs of education and teaching, qualification of teachers designated by the county of a Hospital medical clearance.
Accordingly, the "Teacher Certification Regulations in Anhui Province", "Anhui province teachers eligible to apply for medical staff criteria and methods" also made the corresponding provisions of: sexually transmitted diseases are among the medical unqualified teachers are not allowed to grant eligibility.
The agent that the "People's Republic of Infectious Diseases Prevention Law" gonorrhea, syphilis, HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases prevention and control of infectious diseases identified as B. The plaintiff was confirmed by physical examination positive for HIV-1 antibody, identified by the hospital medical failure. That the plaintiff does not have the physical condition of the Job. The defendant pursuant to the laws and regulations and departmental rules and regulations and regulatory documents are not made by the plaintiff in the legal basis for employment decisions.
The defendant Anqing City Human Resources and Social Security Bureau: "The recruitment of candidates determined by the employer, the Bureau determined only Nipin personnel to perform the approval and filing procedures. Anqing City Board of Education examination results according to the plaintiff, decided to not hiring the plaintiff, in line with relevant laws and regulations to employ teachers. I have no direct relationship between Council and the plaintiff, the defendant is not the main grid. Request Board dismissed the plaintiff's prosecution of me. "
The day of the trial lasted 3 hours, there is no court verdict.
HIV practitioners should be clear range of infectious diseases
In the court session, just before the new school year, Xiao Wu introduced to find a job as a teacher in a private school. Xiao Wu, although not with the jobs of a self-reliant, but the social repercussions caused by the lawsuit, so he has been in torment being.
Xiao Wu, a representative on the phone to the "rule of law over the weekend," said frankly that if their children met a teacher suffering from AIDS, certainly not the first children to leave the classroom, I believe the school will re-adjust the classroom teachers will .
The afternoon of November 12 this year, Anqing City Yingjiang District People's Court first instance verdict on the case, dismissed the claims of Xiao Wu.
Yingjiang District Court held that: education teaching teachers as professionals, should have education and teaching ability. Teaching ability, according to "People's Republic of Teacher Certification Regulations" Article VI, including compliance with state regulations should be engaged in education and teaching physical condition.
In order to prevent, control and eliminate the incidence and prevalence of infectious diseases, safeguarding human health and public health safety, laws and regulations to protect the legitimate rights and interests of patients with infectious diseases at the same time, jobs of patients with infectious diseases have also made restrictions. Communicable Disease Control Act, pursuant to article Class infectious diseases: SARS, AIDS, viral hepatitis, etc ... ...
Second paragraph of Article XVI of the Act provides that patients with infectious diseases, pathogen carriers and suspected patients of infectious diseases, the cure of infectious diseases before or the exclusion of suspects, it shall not engage in legal, administrative regulations and the health administration department under the State Council, the ease are prohibited so that the spread of infectious diseases.
Case, according to "civil service recruitment examination Common Criteria (Trial)" Article XVIII, the plaintiff failed examination, does not meet the "Law of the People's Republic of teachers" to become teachers of physical condition requirements. The medical report the defendant to the plaintiff decided not to hire, the full factual basis.
Accordingly, the Yingjiang District People's Court dismissed the plaintiff's claim.
November 29, an agent on behalf of the small Wuxiang An Qing City Intermediate People's Court of Appeal.
"Xiao Wu communicated with us and, if unsuccessful, we will definitely appeal, which involved hundreds of thousands of the employment rights of HIV infected persons, as well as protection of their privacy." Xiao Wu's agent said, "had hoped Xiao Wu's successful, would weaken social discrimination against HIV carriers, but the result of lost, potentially expanding the public discrimination against this group. "
A senior executive told the trial judge "rule of law over the weekend", no matter the outcome of the case, this problem has been placed before the world, has attracted wide attention, government departments should be made as soon as possible a clearer and more standardized and scientific provision should be made clear what kind of diseases in which patients can not be professional.
The outside world uproar, Xiao Wu, few people know is hiding in the corner quietly sad.
"Rule of law over the weekend," talk by QQ and Xiao Wu, "Sky City"
I like to listen to sad music
"Rule of law over the weekend": you really like the teachers or for professional employment?
Xiao Wu: half of the half of it, I was beginning to employment. When I became a teacher, I found a very good job of teachers, I like this career. And when someone does not let you be a teacher, the more valuable that a teacher.
"Rule of law over the weekend": family may know your current situation?
Xiao Wu: do not know.
"Rule of law over the weekend": Some Han love it?
Xiao Wu: I like the quiet, like to listen to sad music, like to see the tragedy. "Rule of law over the weekend": You are now looking forward to the second trial it?
Xiao Wu: Yes. If social progress because of my case and I certainly glad that I live will be more confident.
"Rule of law over the weekend": What you want?
Xiao Wu: I hope the country will change some of the institutional discrimination, and that nice ah!
"Rule of law over the weekend": You are now on their mind, "Sky City" is not full of hope?
Xiao Wu: yes ah, yes faith sustained me.
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