| 预防艾滋病的几条基本常识 |
|
| 2011-4-29 16:09:00 来源：39健康网 |
|
1.艾滋病是一种病死率极高的严重传染病，目前还没有治愈的药物和方法，但可以预防。艾滋病的医学全名为“获得性免疫缺陷综合征”(英文缩写AIDS)，是由艾滋病病毒(人类免疫缺陷病毒——HIV)引起的一种严重传染病。艾滋病病毒侵入人体后破坏人体的免疫功能，使人体发生多种难以治愈的感染和肿瘤，最终导致死亡。当艾滋病病毒感染者的免疫系统受到病毒的严重破坏，以至不能维持最低的抗病能力时，感染者便发展成为艾滋病病人，出现原因不明的长期低热、体重下降、盗汗、慢性腹泻、咳嗽等症状。
目前还没有能够治愈艾滋病的药物，已经研制出的一些药物只能在某种程度上缓解艾滋病病人的症状和延长患者的生命。积极接受医学指导和治疗，可以帮助艾滋病病人缓解症状、改善生活质量。至今还没有研制出可以有效预防艾滋病的疫苗。
2.艾滋病主要通过性接触、血液和母婴三种途径传播。在世界范围内，性接触是艾滋病最主要的传播途径。艾滋病可通过性交的方式在男性之间、男女之间传播。性接触者越多，感染艾滋病的危险越大。共用注射器吸毒是经血液传播艾滋病的重要危险行为。输入或注射被艾滋病病毒污染的血液或血液制品就会感染艾滋病。使用被艾滋病病毒污染而又未经消毒的注射器、针灸针或其他侵入人体的器械会传播艾滋病。1/3的感染了艾滋病病毒的妇女会通过妊娠、分娩和哺乳把艾滋病传染给婴幼儿。大部分感染了艾滋病病毒的婴幼儿会在3岁以前死亡。怀疑自己有可能感染艾滋病病毒的妇女，应在孕前到有条件的医疗机构作艾滋病病毒抗体检查和咨询。怀疑或发现感染艾滋病病毒的孕妇，应到有关医疗机构进行咨询，接受医务人员的指导和治疗。
3.与艾滋病病人及艾滋病病毒感染者的日常生活和工作接触不会感染艾滋病。在工作和生活中与艾滋病病人和艾滋病病毒感染者的一般接触(如握手，拥抱，共同进餐，共用工具、办公用具等)不会感染艾滋病。艾滋病不会经马桶圈、电话机、餐饮具、卧具、游泳池或公共浴池等公共设施传播。咳嗽和打喷嚏不传播艾滋病。蚊虫叮咬不传播艾滋病。
4.洁身自爱、遵守性道德是预防经性途径传染艾滋病的根本措施。建设精神文明、提倡遵纪守法，树立健康积极的恋爱、婚姻、家庭及性观念，是预防和控制艾滋病、性病传播的治本之路。性自由的生活方式、婚前和婚外性行为是艾滋病、性病得以迅速传播的温床。卖淫、嫖娼等活动是艾滋病、性病传播的重要危险行为。有多个性接触者的人应停止高危行为，以免感染艾滋病或性病而葬送自己的健康和生命。青年人要学会克制性冲动，过早的性关系不仅会损害友情，也会对身心健康产生不良影响。夫妻之间彼此忠诚，可以保护双方免于感染艾滋病和性病。
5.正确使用避孕套，不仅能避孕，还能减少感染艾滋病、性病的危险。正确使用质量合格的避孕套，不仅可以避孕，还可以有效减少艾滋病、性病的危险。每次性交都应该使用避孕套。避孕套预防艾滋病、性病的效果并不是100%，但远比不使用避孕套安全。除了正确使用避孕套，其他避孕措施都不能预防艾滋病、性病。男性感染者将艾滋病传给女性的危险明显高于女性传给男性的危险。妇女有权主动要求对方在性交时使用避孕套。
6.及早治疗并治愈性病可减少感染艾滋病的危险。性病患者比没有性病的人容易感染艾滋病。患有生殖器脓疮、溃疡、炎症的人更容易感染艾滋病，并且也容易将病毒传染给别人。因此，迅速治愈各种生殖器感染可以减少感染和传播艾滋病。如怀疑自己患有性病或生殖器感染，要及时到正规医院或性病防治机构检查、咨询和治疗，还要动员与自己有性接触的人也去接受检查。部分女性感染性病后无明显症状，不易察觉，如有高危行为，应及时去医院检查和治疗。正规医院能提供正规、保密的检查、诊断、治疗和咨询服务。切不可找游医药贩求治，也不要购药自治，以免误诊误治，延长病程，增加感染艾滋病的机会。怀疑自己感染了艾滋病病毒时，应尽早到有条件的医疗卫生单位去做艾滋病病毒抗体检查和咨询。
7.共用注射器吸毒是传播艾滋病的重要途径，因此要拒绝毒品，珍爱生命。吸毒是一种违法行为，不仅严重危害吸毒者自己的健康和生命，也危害家庭和社会。远离毒品可以最大限度地避免因吸毒感染艾滋病。与他人共用注射器吸毒的人感染艾滋病的危险特别大。不共用注射器、使用清洁注射器或消毒过的注射器，可以有效地减少吸毒传播艾滋病的危害。与注射毒品的人性交容易感染艾滋病。
8.避免不必要的输血和注射，使用经艾滋病病毒抗体检测的血液和血液制品。依法无偿献血，杜绝贩血卖血，加强血液检测，是保证用血安全的重要措施。对血液制品进行严格的艾滋病病毒抗体检测，确保用血安全，是防止艾滋病经采供血途径传播的关键措施。应尽量避免不必要的输血和注射，使用血浆代用品和自身血液是安全用血的措施之一。必须输血时要使用经过艾滋病病毒抗体检测的血液和一次性或经过严格消毒的输液器。严格执行各项有关消毒的规章制度，是防止艾滋病经血液传播的重要环节。儿童预防注射要使用一次性注射器，如没有条件，则必须作到一人一针一管一用一消毒。医务人员和特种行业(酒店、旅馆、澡堂、理发店、美容院、洗脚房等)服务人员所用的刀、针和其他易刺破或擦伤皮肤的器具，必须经过严格消毒。
9.关心、帮助和不歧视艾滋病病人及艾滋病病毒感染者，是预防与控制艾滋病的重要方面。艾滋病病人及感染者的参与和合作，是艾滋病预防与控制工作的一个重要组成部分。对艾滋病病人及感染者的歧视不仅不利于预防和控制艾滋病，还会成为社会的不安定因素。艾滋病病毒感染者是疾病受害者，应该得到人道主义的同情和帮助。家庭和社区要为艾滋病病人及感染者营造一个友善、理解、健康的生活和工作环境，鼓励他们采取积极的生活态度、改变高危行为、配合治疗，有利于提高病人及感染者的生命质量、延长生命，也有利于艾滋病的预防与控制工作和维护社会安定。
|
艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复
 |
| 图示∶2010年12月即将出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构 |
| |
|
|
Some basic knowledge of AIDS prevention
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
2011-4-29 16:09:00 Source: Health Net 39
1. AIDS is a serious infectious disease with high mortality rate, there is no cure for the drugs and methods, but can be prevented. AIDS medicine full-called "acquired immunodeficiency syndrome" (the initials AIDS), is HIV (human immunodeficiency virus - HIV) causes a serious infectious disease. HIV invades the human body damage the body's immune function, so that occurrence of a variety of human infections and tumors difficult to cure, and ultimately lead to death. When infected with HIV whose immune systems are severely damaged by the virus, as well as disease resistance can not maintain the minimum, the infection will develop into AIDS patients, the long-term unexplained fever, weight loss, night sweats, chronic diarrhea, cough and other symptoms .
There is no drug to cure AIDS, has developed some of the drugs can only be mitigated to some extent the symptoms of AIDS and prolong life. Active medical guidance and treatment to help AIDS patients to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life. Have not yet developed a vaccine to prevent AIDS.
2. AIDS mainly through sexual contact, blood and mother to child transmission in three ways. Worldwide, sexual contact is the major route of transmission of AIDS. AIDS through sexual intercourse between the way in men between men and women spread. The more sexual contacts, the greater the risk of HIV infection. Sharing of syringes by drug users is an important blood-borne HIV risk behaviors. Input or injection of HIV-contaminated blood or blood products will be infected with AIDS. But with HIV-contaminated unsterilized syringes, acupuncture needles or other invasive device body can spread AIDS. 1 / 3 of women infected with the AIDS virus would be through pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding to HIV transmission to infants and young children. Most HIV-infected infants will die before age 3. Suspect may be infected with HIV-infected women, should be qualified in the pre-pregnancy to medical institutions for HIV antibody testing and counseling. Suspected or found to be infected with HIV pregnant women, should consult the relevant medical institutions to accept the guidance of medical personnel and treatment.
3. With AIDS patients and HIV-infected persons access to the daily life and work will not be infected with HIV. Work and life with AIDS patients and HIV-infected persons in general contact (such as shaking hands, hugging, sharing a meal, sharing tools, office equipment, etc.) will not be infected with AIDS. AIDS is not by toilet seats, telephones, tableware, bedding, swimming pools or public baths and other public facilities spread. Coughing and sneezing spread of AIDS. Mosquito bites do not spread AIDS.
4. Be sure that compliance with sexual morality is a way to prevent sexual transmission of HIV by fundamental measures. Construction of spiritual civilization, to promote compliance, establish a healthy and positive love, marriage, family and sexual attitudes, prevention and control of AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases in the root of the road. Sexual freedom of lifestyle, premarital and extramarital sex is AIDS, a hotbed of rapid spread of sexually transmitted diseases. Prostitution, prostitution and other activities, AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases is an important risk behavior. People with multiple sexual contacts should stop high-risk behaviors to avoid contracting HIV or sexually transmitted diseases and ruin their health and lives. Young people should learn to control the sex drive, premature sexual relations will not only harm friendship, will have adverse effects on physical and mental health. Mutual loyalty between husband and wife, both to protect against HIV infection and sexually transmitted diseases.
5. The proper use of condoms, not only contraception, but also to reduce vulnerability to HIV, the risk of sexually transmitted diseases. Proper use of quality standards for condoms, not only contraception, but also effectively reduce HIV, STD risk. Each sex should use condoms. Condoms to prevent AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases, the effect is not 100%, but the safety than not using condoms. In addition to the proper use of condoms and other contraceptive measures can not prevent AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases. Men, women infected with the dangers of AIDS was passed on to pass for men than women at risk. Women have the right to take the initiative to request the use of condoms during sex.
6. Early treatment and cure of sexually transmitted diseases can reduce the risk of HIV infection. STD patients with sexually transmitted diseases than those who did not susceptible to AIDS. Genital blisters, ulcers, inflammation are more vulnerable to AIDS, and also easy to transmit the virus to others. Therefore, the rapid cure all kinds of genital infection can reduce the infection and spread of AIDS. If you suspect they are suffering from venereal disease or genital infections in a timely manner to a regular hospital or STD prevention and control agencies to examine, counseling and treatment, but also to mobilize sexual contact with their people to accept the check. Some women had no symptoms after infection of sexually transmitted diseases, difficult to detect, if high-risk behavior, should go to hospital for examination and treatment. Regular hospital to provide regular, confidential testing, diagnosis, treatment and counseling services. Must not find Youyi Yaofan seeking treatment, and do not purchase of medicines for autonomy, in order to avoid misdiagnosis, prolonged course of disease, increased chance of HIV infection. Suspect they are infected with the AIDS virus, due early qualified medical and health units to do HIV antibody testing and counseling.
7. Sharing of syringes spread of AIDS drugs is an important way, so to refuse drugs, and cherish life. Drug use is a violation not only seriously jeopardize their health and lives of drug users, but also harm the family and society. Stay away from drugs because drugs can maximize avoid HIV infection. Drug users sharing syringes with other people particularly the risk of HIV infection. Do not share syringes, use of clean syringes or sterile syringes, can be effective in reducing drug use spread AIDS. Sexual intercourse and injecting drug users vulnerable to AIDS.
8. To avoid unnecessary blood transfusion and injection, the use of HIV antibody testing by blood and blood products. According to blood donation, blood selling blood to prevent trafficking, strengthen blood test is important to ensure blood safety measures. Blood products strictly on HIV antibody testing to ensure blood safety is to prevent transmission of AIDS through blood collection and supply the key measures. Should try to avoid unnecessary blood transfusion and injection, the use of blood plasma substitutes and their blood is safe to use one of the measures. Must be used when blood transfusion after blood HIV antibody test and one-time or sterilized infusion. To enforce the rules and regulations on disinfection is to prevent HIV transmission through blood an important part. Vaccination of children to the use of disposable syringes, without conditions, a person must be done for a needle one one with a disinfectant. Medical staff and special industry (hotels, guesthouses, bathhouse, barber shop, beauty salon, foot room, etc.) used by service personnel knives, needles, and other easy to puncture or scratch the skin of the apparatus, must be strictly sterilized.
9. Care and help and do not discriminate against AIDS patients and HIV infection, AIDS prevention and control of important aspects. HIV infected patients and the participation and cooperation, prevention and control of AIDS is an important component. AIDS patients and discrimination against infected persons is not conducive to the prevention and control of AIDS, but also as social unrest. HIV is a disease victim should be humanitarian sympathy and help. Families and communities for HIV infected patients and to create a friendly, understanding, healthy living and working environment, encouraging them to adopt a positive attitude toward life, to change high-risk behavior, with treatment, will help improve the lives of infected patients and the quality of extension life, but also conducive to AIDS prevention and control work and maintain social stability.
|
