On 27 November 1895, Alfred Nobel signed his last will and testament, giving the largest share of his fortune to a series of prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace - the Nobel Prizes.
1895年11月27日，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔签署了最后遗嘱，以其财产的最大份额建立了一系列奖项，包括物理学奖、化学奖、生理学或医学奖、文学奖与和平奖，即诺贝尔奖。

In 1968, Sveriges Riksbank (Sweden's central bank) established The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel.
1968年，瑞典银行（瑞典中央银行）建立了纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔瑞典银行经济学奖。



According to Alfred Nobel's Will, the interest on the fund constituted of the capital of his estate shall be annually distributed in the form of prizes to those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit to mankind.
根据阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的遗嘱，其遗产最大份额构成的基金所产生的利益将于每年以奖金形式授予未来为人类创造最大价值的人们。

The said interest shall be divided into five equal parts, which shall be apportioned as follows:
上述利益分为相等的五份，分配如下：

one part to the person who shall have made the most important discovery or invention within the field of physics;
一份奖给在物理学界有最重大发现或发明的人；

one part to the person who shall have made the most important chemical discovery or improvement;
一份奖给在化学界有最重大发现或改进的人；

one part to the person who shall have made the most important discovery within the domain of physiology or medicine;
一份奖给在生理学或医学界有最重大发现的人；

one part to the person who shall have produced in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction;
一份奖给在文学界创作出具有理想倾向的最佳作品的人；

and one part to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses.
最后一份奖给为促进民族团结友好、取消或裁减常备军队以及为和平会议的组织和宣传尽到最大努力或作出最大贡献的人。英语学习技巧