女性感染者占总数的一半 政协委员“会诊”艾滋病


女性感染者占总数的一半 政协委员“会诊”艾滋病

 
 
 
 
 

女性感染者占总数的一半 政协委员“会诊”艾滋病
    黄萱 2010年04月02日11:19  来源:《人民政协报》

    “艾滋病真的离我们越来越近了!”记者在两会采访时,不止一位全国政协委员向记者坦陈着忧虑。

  艾滋病正在悄悄侵蚀普通人

  据卫生部统计,截至2009年10月底,我国累计报告艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者和病人 (AIDS)319877例,其中艾滋病病人102323例,死亡49845例。不久前,卫生部与联合国艾滋病规划署和世界卫生组织联合对中国2009年艾滋病疫情进行了评估。结果显示,截至2009年底,估计中国目前存活的艾滋病病毒感染者和病人约74万人,其中艾滋病病人为10.5万人;估计2009年当年新发艾滋病病毒感染者4.8万人。

  全国政协委员、中国医科大学附属一院副院长、艾滋病研究所所长尚红说,目前,中国的艾滋病疫情的上升幅度虽然进一步减缓,但是经性传播的上升速度明显,不仅同性性行为感染率升高,普通人群异性性行为中的传播也加速了,特别是年轻人及白领群体,因轻率的性行为加上无知和大意,正悄悄受到艾滋病的侵蚀。“一定要告诉大家,不要再以为艾滋病离我们还很远!”尚红说。

  流动人口是最庞大的易感人群

  “2009年我国报告的艾滋病病人和感染者中,流动人口占22.1%,部分城市甚至超过50%。”全国政协委员、原北京市卫生局局长金大鹏说,我国流动人口高达2亿以上,且平均3年转换一个打工城市,1.8年转换一个打工单位,这部分人群的艾滋病防控存在着许多问题。

  调查发现,流动人口感染艾滋病毒的危险行为发生率高,预防保护知识知晓率低。一方面,流动人口以青壮年居多,处于性活跃期,有过婚前性行为的占62%,有多个性伴侣的占12%;另一方面,80%为小学和初中文化程度,艾滋病知识知晓率较低,被调查的女性流动人口中曾出现过生殖道疾病相关症状的占到24.3%,而暗娼这一艾滋病传播的高危人群也多属流动人口范畴。与此同时,艾滋病防控措施覆盖范围有限,被调查的流动人口中仅有8.9%的人接受过免费安全套,26.5%接受过预防艾滋病宣传材料,4%最近一年做过免费的艾滋病病毒检测,1.6%接受过完整的咨询检测服务。再就是政策落实不平衡,大部分地区的流动艾滋病病人很难做到返回原籍治疗,而目前又未制定异地免费治疗的统一标准,难以满足治疗需求。

  金大鹏认为,要解开这个扣关键是建立起流出地、流入地联动的艾流病防治工作机制,将外地患者异地免费抗病毒治疗落到实处。

  不利于防控的法规条文亟待修改

  “我们不仅要保护感染者的隐私权,还要维护包括感染者配偶在内的大众健康,这才是有效控制艾滋病传播的主要措施。”全国政协委员、广西医科大学副校长夏宁认为,应当全面清理和修改不适应艾滋病防控形势变化的相关法规条文。

  夏宁说,现有的相关条例保护了艾滋病人和感染者的基本人权,包括生命健康权、生存权、医疗权、就业权、教育权、保密和隐私权等等。但是,当今社会上非婚性行为、婚外性行为、卖淫、嫖娼等社会现象不能有效遏制,从另一个角度看实际上增加了其他人的感染风险。夏宁认为云南省的艾滋病防治条例相对而言就比较全面,其中制定了相应的告知义务及行政干预措施。如:医疗卫生机构应当将确诊的艾滋病检测结果告知本人,未成年人应告知其父母或监护人;艾滋病病人和感染者应当将感染艾滋病的事实及时告知其配偶或者性伴侣,如不告知的,其住所地的疾病防控机构有权代为告知;对查出的艾滋病病人和感染者,若是在押的,卫生部门须将相关信息通报公安、司法等部门等等。当然,上述相关机构部门对艾滋病病人和感染者的信息资料,应当保密管理,未经本人或者监护人同意不得向无关人员透露。
 
       此外,对于不履行限时告知义务的艾滋病病人和感染者,应以“危险方法破坏社会安全罪”绳之以法,以法律手段控制艾滋病二代传播和高发态势,最大限度地避免艾滋病向公众进一步扩散。

  最有力的防控武器是把知识教给群众

  长期进行艾滋病防治工作的尚红说,直到目前还没有开发出能有效预防艾滋病的疫苗,因此开展宣传教育,让广大人民群众掌握艾滋病防治知识,无疑是防控艾滋病的重要手段,也是我国防控艾滋病的基本方针之一。

  我国政府高度重视艾滋病防治工作,用于防治艾滋病的财政投入逐年增加,宣传力度不断加大,使越来越多的人认识了艾滋病的基本防治知识。但是尚红认为,我国的艾滋病宣传工作仍有问题:一是宣传仅集中在每年的世界艾滋病日前后进行,缺乏经常性和持久性;二是宣传覆盖面不够,一些边远贫困地区、少数民族地区的群众无法获得足够的艾滋病防治知识;三是部分媒体还存在着播放艾滋病宣传资料收取费用的情况,没有很好体现宣传的公益性。这些问题都迫切需要改进。

  尚红最后对记者说,她很希望对媒体讲几句话:期望我国的媒体在艾滋病防治知识的宣传教育中承担起重任,一是要充分体现公益性,能够免费刊登、播放艾滋病防治知识和宣传片,充分发挥网络、手机等新媒体的作用,不断扩大宣传教育的覆盖面和影响力;二是要进一步加强针对边远贫困地区和少数民族地区的宣传,编写经济实惠且通俗易懂的知识手册和少数民族语言的宣传材料,提高这些地区群众的自我防护意识。

  ■采访手记

  男性包皮环切术可预防艾滋病

  在近期的科学研究中,不乏一些预防艾滋病的新发现。如最近有报道称,美国约翰·霍普金斯大学的科学家发现,使用一种叫二甲胺四环素的抗生素可有效阻止艾滋病毒扩散或复制。试验证明,该药可极大地降低病毒量,而且只攻击那些受到艾滋病病毒感染的T细胞,尽管不能完全消除病毒,但它为科学家们指明了一条方向。

  记者在两会采访时,全国政协委员、中国医科院整形外科医院教授李森恺说,科学家们早在2006年就证实,男性包皮环切术可显著降低艾滋病病毒的传播。美国国家卫生研究院在这两项随机进行的实验中,对来自拉卡伊、乌干达、基苏木和肯尼亚的7780名HIV阴性的男性追踪测试,发现接受过外科包皮环切术的男性在与女性有性行为时,受艾滋病病毒感染的几率比未接受包皮环切者至少要低51%。

  李森恺说,如果我国在婴儿中间推行这种简单、有效的预防方法,从长远看对遏制艾滋病在中国的传播将具有重要意义。他希望年轻父母们为孩子的健康主动选择这一方法。

  • 艾滋病早期治疗是康复与延长30~60年生命的保
  • 艾滋病免疫重建的重要意义是挽救生命的根本
  • 从食品植物研究开发的治疗艾滋病新药三合皂甙
  • 康生丹颗粒免疫实验提示符合艾滋病、肿瘤等应
  • 鸡尾酒疗法并非万能,抗药性与毒副作用导致联合疗法与中药疗法应用的迫切性
  • 公布几例康生丹治疗艾滋病的检测报告照片
  • 康生丹配合西药治疗AIDS总结
  • 三合皂甙,康生丹片
  • 中药康生丹治愈艾滋病中医论析
  • 艾滋病成为第一大死因病种[刘君]的对策与思考 

  • 女性感染者佔總數的一半政協委員“會診”艾滋病
        

    Women account for half of the total infected CPPCC "consultation" of AIDS
        
    Huang Xuan at 11:19 on April 2, 2010 Source: "People's Political Consultative Conference Report"

        
    "AIDS is really getting closer and closer to us!" Press interview in two sessions, more than one member of the CPPCC National Committee was concerned to always be honest with reporters.

    AIDS ordinary people are quietly eroding

    According to the Ministry of Health statistics, as of the end of October 2009, the cumulative reported AIDS virus (HIV) infection and the patient (AIDS) 319877 cases, including 102,323 cases of AIDS patients, 49,845 cases of death. Not long ago, the Ministry of Health and UNAIDS and WHO, AIDS epidemic in China in 2009 were evaluated.
    The results show that, as of the end of 2009, estimated that China has the survival of patients infected with HIV and about 74 million people, of which 10.5 million AIDS patients; estimated 2009 new HIV infections that year were 4.8 million people.

    CPPCC member and a vice president of the China Medical University, AIDS Research Institute is still red, said, at present, China's AIDS epidemic rise despite a further slowdown, but through sexual transmission increases significantly, not only same-sex sexual infection rate increased in the general population of heterosexual transmission of speed, especially young people, and white-collar groups, due to ignorance and reckless sexual behavior with the effect being quietly eroded by AIDS.
    "We must tell you not to think that AIDS still a long way away from us!" Still hung.

    Large floating population is the most susceptible

    "2009 China's reported AIDS patients and infected people, mobile population, 22.1%, even more than 50 percent in some cities." CPPCC member, former Beijing Bureau of Health, said Jin Dapeng, China's floating population as high as 200 million or more, and
    convert an average of 3 years working city, 1.8 years converting a working unit, this part of the population there are many problems of AIDS prevention and control.

    The survey found that the floating population of HIV high risk behavior, prevention knowledge among low protection. On the one hand, the mobile population is mostly young, sexually active, have had premarital sex accounted for 62%, multiple sexual partners 12%; the other hand, 80% for primary and lower secondary education level, knowledge about AIDS lower rates of migrant women surveyed had appeared disease-related symptoms of reproductive tract accounted for 24.3%, while the spread of AIDS among female sex workers at high risk areas are mostly migrants. At the same time, the limited coverage of AIDS prevention and control measures, of the floating population, only 8.9% of people have received free condoms, 26.5% received HIV prevention information materials, 4% last year, free HIV tests done , 1.6% had a complete counseling and testing services.
    Then there are uneven implementation of the policy, most of the flow of AIDS patients is very difficult to return to their home treatment, and the present is not yet free treatment to develop a unified standard remote, difficult to meet the need for treatment.

    Jin Dapeng, that to solve the key is to build out this deduction, the inflow to linkage of the AI disease prevention and control work flow system will be field free antiretroviral therapy in patients with remote implement.

    Not conducive to urgently amend the provisions of prevention and control laws

    "We not only want to protect the privacy of infected persons, but also maintenance, including infections of public health, including the spouse is the only effective control of the main measures the spread of AIDS." CPPCC National Committee, Guangxi Medical University Vice-Xiao Zhang Ning Xia think, should be
    not meet the full clean-up and modify the situation of AIDS prevention and control of changes in the provisions of relevant laws and regulations.

    Retrieval and said that the existing regulations related to protection of those infected with AIDS and basic human rights, including life and health, subsistence, medical care, employment rights, education rights, confidentiality and privacy and so on. However, today's society of non-marital sex, extramarital sex, prostitution, prostitution and other social phenomena can not be effectively curbed, from another point of view of others actually increase the risk of infection. Biosensor that the Yunnan AIDS Prevention and Control Ordinance relative to a more comprehensive, which informed the development of the corresponding obligations and administrative intervention. Such as: medical and health institutions should be confirmed HIV test results told me that minors should inform their parents or guardians; AIDS patients and HIV infected persons should be informed promptly of the fact that their spouse or partner, if not informed, and its domicile of disease prevention and control institutions have the right on behalf of this; of the identified HIV infected patients and, if in custody, the health sector related information required to inform the public security and judicial departments and so on.
    Of course, the relevant agencies and departments of infected AIDS patients of information should be confidential management, or guardian without their consent not to outsiders.
     
           
    In addition, this limit does not fulfill the obligations of AIDS patients and infected persons, should be "dangerous way to destroy social security crimes" to justice, the second generation of legal means to control the spread of AIDS and the high trend of AIDS to the public as possible to avoid further
    proliferation.

    Prevention and control of the most powerful weapon is the knowledge to the masses

    Ongoing work in AIDS prevention is still red, said until now has not developed an effective AIDS vaccine, so to carry out publicity and education, so that people grasp of the people of AIDS prevention knowledge, is undoubtedly an important means of AIDS prevention and control in China and also prevention and control
    One of the basic principles of AIDS.

    Chinese government attaches great importance to AIDS prevention, to fight AIDS, increasing year by year financial investment, promotion has intensified, more and more people understand the basic AIDS prevention and treatment. But still red that AIDS advocacy in China still have problems: First, the annual information only focus after the World AIDS day, the lack of regular and durability; Second, the coverage is not enough publicity, a number of remote and poor areas, minority areas people can not get enough knowledge about AIDS; Third, there are still playing some of the media publicity materials fee AIDS situation, promote the public welfare is not well reflected.
    These problems are urgent needs to improve.

    Still red last told reporters that she hoped the media say a few words: expect our media to disseminate knowledge about AIDS prevention to assume responsibility, first to realize the public interest, with a free publication, broadcast AIDS prevention knowledge and API, Chongfen play networks, mobile phones and other new role of the media, expanding the coverage of public education and influence; Second, we must further strengthen the poverty-stricken areas for the remote and minority areas of advocacy, the preparation affordable and user-friendly manual knowledge
    and promotional materials in minority languages, to enhance their awareness of the masses of self-protection.

    ■ Interview Notes

    Male circumcision can prevent AIDS

    In recent research, the lack of some new discovery of AIDS prevention. If recent reports, scientists at Johns Hopkins University found that using an antibiotic called minocycline can effectively prevent the spread of HIV or copy.
    Test proved that the drug can greatly reduce the viral load, and only attack those who are HIV-infected T cells, although not completely eliminate the virus, but it points out a direction of scientists.

    In an interview with two reporters, the CPPCC National Committee members, China, Professor in Medical Plastic Surgery Hospital, Sen-kai, said the scientists as early as 2006 confirmed that male circumcision can significantly reduce the spread of HIV. U.S. National Institutes of Health in the two experiments were conducted, from Rakai, Uganda, Kenya, Kisumu and 7780 HIV-negative men to track testing, found that male circumcision had surgery in
    and women having sex, the risk of HIV infection in circumcised than those who did not receive at least 51% lower.

    Sen-kai said that if the middle of our baby to implement this simple, effective methods of prevention, the long run, to contain the spread of AIDS in China will be of great significance. He hoped that the young parents for their children's health initiative to choose this method.

黃萱2010年04月02日11:19 來源:《人民政協報》

    
“艾滋病真的離我們越來越近了!”記者在兩會採訪時,不止一位全國政協委員向記者坦陳著憂慮。

  艾滋病正在悄悄侵蝕普通人

據衛生部統計,截至2009年10月底,我國累計報告艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者和病人(AIDS)319877例,其中艾滋病病人102323例,死亡49845例。不久前,衛生部與聯合國艾滋病規劃署和世界衛生組織聯合對中國2009年艾滋病疫情進行了評估。
結果顯示,截至2009年底,估計中國目前存活的艾滋病病毒感染者和病人約74萬人,其中艾滋病病人為10.5萬人;估計2009年當年新發艾滋病病毒感染者4.8萬人。

全國政協委員、中國醫科大學附屬一院副院長、艾滋病研究所所長尚紅說,目前,中國的艾滋病疫情的上升幅度雖然進一步減緩,但是經性傳播的上升速度明顯,不僅同性性行為感染率升高,普通人群異性性行為中的傳播也加速了,特別是年輕人及白領群體,因輕率的性行為加上無知和大意,正悄悄受到艾滋病的侵蝕。
“一定要告訴大家,不要再以為艾滋病離我們還很遠!”尚紅說。

  流動人口是最龐大的易感人群

“2009年我國報告的艾滋病病人和感染者中,流動人口占22.1%,部分城市甚至超過50%。”全國政協委員、原北京市衛生局局長金大鵬說,我國流動人口高達2億以上,且
平均3年轉換一個打工城市,1.8年轉換一個打工單位,這部分人群的艾滋病防控存在著許多問題。

調查發現,流動人口感染艾滋病毒的危險行為發生率高,預防保護知識知曉率低。一方面,流動人口以青壯年居多,處於性活躍期,有過婚前性行為的佔62%,有多個性伴侶的佔12%;另一方面,80%為小學和初中文化程度,艾滋病知識知曉率較低,被調查的女性流動人口中曾出現過生殖道疾病相關症狀的占到24.3%,而暗娼這一艾滋病傳播的高危人群也多屬流動人口範疇。與此同時,艾滋病防控措施覆蓋範圍有限,被調查的流動人口中僅有8.9%的人接受過免費安全套,26.5%接受過預防艾滋病宣傳材料,4%最近一年做過免費的艾滋病病毒檢測,1.6%接受過完整的諮詢檢測服務。
再就是政策落實不平衡,大部分地區的流動艾滋病病人很難做到返回原籍治療,而目前又未制定異地免費治療的統一標準,難以滿足治療需求。

金大鵬認為,要解開這個扣關鍵是建立起流出地、流入地聯動的艾流病防治工作機制,將外地患者異地免費抗病毒治療落到實處。

  不利於防控的法規條文亟待修改

“我們不僅要保護感染者的隱私權,還要維護包括感染者配偶在內的大眾健康,這才是有效控制艾滋病傳播的主要措施。”全國政協委員、廣西醫科大學副校長夏寧認為,應當
全面清理和修改不適應艾滋病防控形勢變化的相關法規條文。

夏寧說,現有的相關條例保護了艾滋病人和感染者的基本人權,包括生命健康權、生存權、醫療權、就業權、教育權、保密和隱私權等等。但是,當今社會上非婚性行為、婚外性行為、賣淫、嫖娼等社會現像不能有效遏制,從另一個角度看實際上增加了其他人的感染風險。夏寧認為雲南省的艾滋病防治條例相對而言就比較全面,其中製定了相應的告知義務及行政干預措施。如:醫療衛生機構應當將確診的艾滋病檢測結果告知本人,未成年人應告知其父母或監護人;艾滋病病人和感染者應當將感染艾滋病的事實及時告知其配偶或者性伴侶,如不告知的,其住所地的疾病防控機構有權代為告知;對查出的艾滋病病人和感染者,若是在押的,衛生部門須將相關信息通報公安、司法等部門等等。
當然,上述相關機構部門對艾滋病病人和感染者的信息資料,應當保密管理,未經本人或者監護人同意不得向無關人員透露。
 
       
此外,對於不履行限時告知義務的艾滋病病人和感染者,應以“危險方法破壞社會安全罪”繩之以法,以法律手段控制艾滋病二代傳播和高發態勢,最大限度地避免艾滋病向公眾進一步
擴散。

最有力的防控武器是把知識教給群眾

長期進行艾滋病防治工作的尚紅說,直到目前還沒有開發出能有效預防艾滋病的疫苗,因此開展宣傳教育,讓廣大人民群眾掌握艾滋病防治知識,無疑是防控艾滋病的重要手段,也是我國防控
艾滋病的基本方針之一。

我國政府高度重視艾滋病防治工作,用於防治艾滋病的財政投入逐年增加,宣傳力度不斷加大,使越來越多的人認識了艾滋病的基本防治知識。但是尚紅認為,我國的艾滋病宣傳工作仍有問題:一是宣傳僅集中在每年的世界艾滋病日前後進行,缺乏經常性和持久性;二是宣傳覆蓋面不夠,一些邊遠貧困地區、少數民族地區的群眾無法獲得足夠的艾滋病防治知識;三是部分媒體還存在著播放艾滋病宣傳資料收取費用的情況,沒有很好體現宣傳的公益性。
這些問題都迫切需要改進。

尚紅最後對記者說,她很希望對媒體講幾句話:期望我國的媒體在艾滋病防治知識的宣傳教育中承擔起重任,一是要充分體現公益性,能夠免費刊登、播放艾滋病防治知識和宣傳片,充分發揮網絡、手機等新媒體的作用,不斷擴大宣傳教育的覆蓋面和影響力;二是要進一步加強針對邊遠貧困地區和少數民族地區的宣傳,編寫經濟實惠且通俗易懂的知識手冊
和少數民族語言的宣傳材料,提高這些地區群眾的自我防護意識。

  ■採訪手記

  男性包皮環切術可預防艾滋病

在近期的科學研究中,不乏一些預防艾滋病的新發現。如最近有報導稱,美國約翰·霍普金斯大學的科學家發現,使用一種叫二甲胺四環素的抗生素可有效阻止艾滋病毒擴散或複制。
試驗證明,該藥可極大地降低病毒量,而且只攻擊那些受到艾滋病病毒感染的T細胞,儘管不能完全消除病毒,但它為科學家們指明了一條方向。

記者在兩會採訪時,全國政協委員、中國醫科院整形外科醫院教授李森愷說,科學家們早在2006年就證實,男性包皮環切術可顯著降低艾滋病病毒的傳播。美國國家衛生研究院在這兩項隨機進行的實驗中,對來自拉卡伊、烏干達、基蘇木和肯尼亞的7780名HIV陰性的男性追踪測試,發現接受過外科包皮環切術的男性在
與女性有性行為時,受艾滋病病毒感染的機率比未接受包皮環切者至少要低51%。

李森愷說,如果我國在嬰兒中間推行這種簡單、有效的預防方法,從長遠看對遏制艾滋病在中國的傳播將具有重要意義。他希望年輕父母們為孩子的健康主動選擇這一方法。
 
 
 
 
 

[ 作者:佚名    转贴自:本站原创    点击数:196    更新时间:2010-4-2    文章录入:nnb ]