调查发现较多艾滋病感染者为“被动感染”

　　2011-07-29 09:49:13来源: 经济参考报网络版

　　记者日前在广西南宁市等地采访多名艾滋病病毒感染者、社会健康人群以及广西疾控部门，发现较多艾滋病病毒感染者为“被动感染”。专家称，目前我国的社会防艾宣传较重视对艾滋病人的人文关怀，避免社会排斥，这在某种程度上造成大众对艾滋病警醒程度不够，难以有效保护自己。专家建议防艾宣传应注重社会健康人群干预，提醒这部分人群远离艾滋，这样才能降低日益攀升的艾滋病感染率。

　　不幸艾滋病人“被”感染痛失正常人生

　　日前，来自桂林农村的40岁艾滋病人蒋丽向记者讲述了她的遭遇。24岁那年，蒋丽和同县的男子阿强结婚，婚后生下一个儿子。儿子2岁多时开始生病，伴随发烧、淋巴肿大等症状。

　　治疗三四年后，儿子的病不见好转，期间当地医生告诉阿强怀疑孩子得了艾滋病。2005年，阿强带着蒋丽和六岁的儿子来到广西壮族自治区疾控中心，一家三口抽血检验，全部被确诊为艾滋病病毒携带者，儿子通过母婴传播感染，阿强和蒋丽在儿子出生之前就已感染。

　　此时阿强向蒋丽坦白，婚后不久他因在县城打工，和妻子两地分居，曾去洗浴中心找过“三陪女”，因此感染艾滋病。

　　因为害怕，阿强和蒋丽把患病的消息告诉了他们的父母和兄弟姐妹，招来的是两家人的“避而远之”。从此蒋丽一家在县城过着“卑微”的生活，对外保密病情，外出看病要“偷偷摸摸”。2009年冬天，蒋丽一家来到南宁，在城中村租了房子，靠打短工的微薄收入过活。近两年来，蒋丽说她没有一个朋友，最大的愿望是希望儿子长大成人，结婚生子。

　　不久后，记者在自治区疾控中心艾滋病科门诊部采访了桂林市临桂县的龙英。这个41岁的南宁城市清洁工独自租住在城中村，丈夫2009年死于艾滋，16岁的女儿在老家生活。

　　和众多“打工夫妻”感染艾滋病的过程一样，龙英被丈夫传染。龙英的丈夫早年在外打工，夫妻长期两地分居，丈夫在外拈花惹草感染艾滋，回家又传染给妻子。多方医治花光积蓄后，一家人因病致贫，陷入艾滋困境。

　　龙英说，2003年丈夫在南宁被确诊为艾滋病，她自己于2004年也被确诊。为了不让社会排斥女儿，他们两人向身边的所有人隐瞒病情，长期在南宁打工挣钱治病。

　　2009年3月，龙英丈夫去世。直到现在，他们家里人还不知情。龙英也因承受过多压力变得日益抑郁，不愿回家面对亲人，在南宁也从不和别人交往，过着出租屋里的封闭生活。艾滋病人心理健康引人忧或存病情传播风险

　　艾滋病人虽然因病致贫致困，但社会对他们的包容从未减少。政府除了提供部分免费药物配给外，还致力于通过“红丝带”等宣扬关爱艾滋病人，对其提供物质资助。然而，一些艾滋病人心理健康堪忧，存在向健康人群传播病毒的风险。

　　记者曾采访到23岁的艾滋女孩蓝蓝，她感染艾滋病已有五年。2005年，广西来宾市忻城县18岁的农家姑娘蓝蓝初中毕业，来到南宁打工，两个月后认识了大她十岁的李姓商人，两人开始交往同居。

　　蓝蓝说，两年里她曾为男朋友堕胎三次，其中一次是在城中村的小诊所进行刮宫手术。由于年龄悬殊，李家人并未接受蓝蓝，李姓商人很快与别人结婚，但还和蓝蓝保持着男女关系。蓝蓝告诉记者，2008年5月，她本打算到泰国旅游，却在出国体检中被检测出艾滋病病毒阳性反应。

　　至今，除了李姓商人外，蓝蓝对家人和朋友隐瞒病情。治疗过程中，她也曾割腕自杀，也一直和李姓商人一起过着婚外生活。“他自己都不在意，我就不说什么了。我也有点担心他被我传染，他老婆被他传染。”蓝蓝说，她已无心无力去管别人的处境安危。

　　如今，蓝蓝一面维持和李姓商人的关系，一面主动地在当地艾滋病病友圈里寻找合适的结婚对象，有时也和社会人士接触。

　　自治区疾控中心一名医生告诉记者，他认为这些年轻艾滋病人很多都还是自私任性的“大孩子”，虽然医院多次对他们进行道德教育，但也很担心他们做出不该做的事，在社会上传播病情。

　　“蓝蓝是个很有主见的女孩，声称是因为堕胎沾染了黑诊所不干净的医疗器械才得艾滋病，但我们推测是由于有多性伴导致。现在她在外面的生活我们也监控不了，存在风险。”这名医生说。

　　事实上，未婚艾滋女的婚姻家庭何去何从，已经成为一个社会问题。蓝蓝告诉记者，她有时很迷茫绝望，现在活着就想顺利结婚生子。专家建议防艾宣传应转向健康人群干预

　　目前，广西艾滋病感染人数位居全国第二，并以每天新增30人以上的速度递增。卫生部免疫规划专家委员会委员、自治区疾控中心副主任卓家同认为，已有的艾滋病宣传都是讲已经染病的人该怎么做，讲握手、一同就餐等不会导致传染，这些无可厚非。但从预防遏制新发感染者的角度来讲，应加大宣传艾滋病得厉害程度，通过这些迫使健康人群自律。

　　“不能过度宣传令人放心的信息，不要天天讲艾滋病人的权益和政府对他们的关怀，否则对预防工作不利。艾滋病宣传，要让健康群体懂得权衡利弊，三思而后行。”卓家同说，近年来广西艾滋病感染途径以性传播为主，根据他们十几年的工作经验和效果分析，有必要在防控上补充对健康人群的干预。

　　报记者从广西卫生部门了解到，今年一季度广西艾滋病感染者新增率跟去年同比上升20%以上，死亡率也跟去年相比同比上升，疫情并没有得到遏制。

　　卓家同认为，我国艾滋病防控应实现五大转变：一是从吸毒人群的针具交换、美沙酮治疗、小姐干预为重心，转移到以一般人群干预为重心；二是宣传上从同情关怀病人、消除歧视、对艾滋病的危害轻描淡写，转移到宣传艾滋病危及性命、危害家庭和社会、关系国家安全；三是从防、治结合机构不分转变到防、治结合机构分开，疾控部门要把艾滋病治疗的职责转交给医院，尽心尽力做预防；四是技术上从大包大揽转变到督导基层防控；五是从运作上以县为中心，转变到以乡镇卫生院为枢纽、乡村医生为末梢。

　　广西社会科学院社会学研究所副研究员傅慧明长期关注艾滋病问题，并于2008年至2010年参与百色至隆林高速公路建筑工人防艾实验项目研究。她认为，广西通过性传播感染艾滋病的比例已达70%以上，政府干预重点应当转移到健康人群身上“更具体来讲，就是要普及推广正确使用安全套。”傅慧明说。

　　她告诉记者，目前我国农村的安全套推广还带有暧昧色彩，没有提出正确使用的技术性，推广进展缓慢。在广西一些偏远地区，很多学生初中毕业后由于年龄大外出打工，傅慧明建议教育部门在小学加强性教育，在初中生中推广安全套正确使用，教他们加强自我保护“建议‘十二五’期间国家在某个省启动试点，加强对健康人群的防控干预，降低艾滋病新增感染。”傅慧明说。

　　编辑：许志强

　　艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复

　　图示∶2011年5月正式出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构事迹

　　

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　　更多来源∶新浪商业登载

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　　中国青年网 健康频道

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　　 环球网

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　　The survey found more people living with HIV as a "passive infection"

　　2011-07-29 09:49:13 Source: Economic Information Daily Online

　　Reporters recently in Nanning, Guangxi and other interviews with several HIV-infected persons, groups and community health departments in Guangxi CDC found that more HIV-infected persons as a "passive infection." Experts said China's current emphasis on community AIDS prevention publicity more people with AIDS, human care, to avoid social exclusion, in part caused by the insufficient level of alert the public about AIDS, it is difficult to effectively protect themselves. Experts suggest that AIDS prevention should focus on community health promotion intervention in the crowd, reminding the crowd away from this part of HIV, so as to reduce the escalating HIV infection rates.

　　Unfortunately, people with AIDS "was" infected with the normal life lost

　　Recently, the 40-year-old from rural Guilin AIDS JIANG Li told reporters about her experience. 24 years old, Jiang, LJ and A strong man with the county got married gave birth to a son. 2-year-old son became sick a long time, accompanied by fever, lymph nodes and other symptoms.

　　Treatment three or four years later, his son's illness did not improve during the local doctor told A strong suspicion the child had AIDS. 2005, A strong year-old son with Jiang, LJ, and came to Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control, a family of three blood tests, all were diagnosed as HIV positive, the son of infection through mother to child transmission, A strong and Jiang, LJ before the birth of his son had been infected.

　　JIANG Li A strong point to be honest, soon after the marriage he was working in the county, and his wife separated, went to bath to find the "Street Girls" so infected with AIDS.

　　Because of fear, A strong and Jiang, LJ, told the news of their sick parents and siblings, two people are attracted to "shy away." JIANG Li lived in the county from a "humble" life, kept secret the disease, go see a doctor to be "sneaky." The winter of 2009, Jiang, LJ one came to Nanning, rented a house in the villages, rely on the meager income of day laborers live. The past two years, Jiang, LJ, said she did not a friend, the biggest wish is that his son grew up, married and had children.

　　Soon after, reporters in the regional CDC HIV outpatient department interviewed Guilin Lingui Dragon English. The 41-year-old alone in Nanning city cleaners rental in the village, her husband died of AIDS in 2009, 16-year-old daughter living at home.

　　And many "working couples" as the process of HIV infection, infected by her husband British Dragon. Long working out early British husband, the couple separated the two long-term, HIV infection philandering husband outside, go home and spread to his wife. Multi-treatment spent their savings, the family impoverished by, caught in the plight of AIDS.

　　Long Ying said that in 2003 her husband was diagnosed with AIDS in Nanning, she also was diagnosed in 2004. In order to prevent social exclusion daughter, both of them all around to conceal the disease, long-term treatment to work as laborers in Nanning.

　　In March 2009, the British Lung husband died. Until now, people still unaware of their home. Long under too much pressure because the British have become increasingly depressed, do not want to go home to face their loved ones, never in Nanning and interaction with others, living a life of the rental house closed. AIDS or mental health keep introducing disease transmission risk worry

　　Caused by the storm, though impoverished by AIDS, but the social inclusion of their never reduced. Apart from providing some free drugs rationing, but also committed to the "Red Ribbon" and to promote AIDS care, it provides material support. However, some people with AIDS, mental health is bleak, there are healthy people to the risk of virus transmission.

　　Reporters who interviewed the 23-year-old HIV-blue girl, she was infected with HIV for five years. In 2005, Xincheng County, Guangxi Laibin 18-year-old peasant girl blue junior high school, came to Nanning to work, two months later know her to her year-old businessman, surnamed Li, the two began living together exchanges.

　　Blue said, two years She has a boyfriend abortion three times, including one small clinic in the villages of curettage surgery. As the age gap, the Lee family did not accept the blue, businessman, surnamed Li, with others soon married, but maintained a male-female relationships, and blue. Blue, told reporters in May 2008, she intended to travel to Thailand, but in the overseas examination was detected HIV positive.

　　So far, apart from traders, surnamed Li, the blue of the family and friends to conceal the truth. Course of treatment, she has attempted suicide, has been living outside of marriage and living together businessmen surnamed Li. "He himself does not care, I do not say anything and I was a little worried that he infected me, he infected his wife." Says the blue, she had no intention unable to manage the safety of other people's situation.

　　Today, the blue side of the business relationship to maintain and surname, the local side of AIDS patients take the initiative in circles looking for a suitable marriage partners, and sometimes contact with the community.

　　Autonomous Region CDC a doctor told reporters that he believes many of these young people with AIDS or headstrong and selfish "big kids", although the hospital several times for their moral education, but also very worried that they make should not do, spread of the disease in the community.

　　"Blue is a very strong-minded girl, claiming that because the abortion clinic is not tainted with black only too clean medical equipment AIDS, but we speculate is due to lead to more sexual partners and now her life on the outside we can not control, there Risk. "the doctor said.

　　In fact, unmarried woman marriage and family HIV-go has become a social problem. Blue told reporters that she sometimes confused despair, and now wanted to live successful marriage and children. Experts suggest that AIDS prevention should be shifted to health promotion intervention groups

　　Currently, the number of HIV infections in Guangxi ranked second, and add a day rate of over 30 people. Ministry of Health immunization program committee of experts, regional deputy director of CDC Zhuo home with the view that the existing AIDS awareness has infected people are talking about how to do, say shaking hands, eating together and so does not cause infection, which is understandable. Containment to prevent new infections but the perspective of those who should step up publicity of AIDS badly, forcing healthy people through these self-discipline.

　　"Can not excessive publicity reassuring information, do not talk every day the rights of people with AIDS and the government for their care, or prevention of adverse. AIDS awareness, health groups, know how to make trade-offs, think twice." Zhuo said the same family In recent years Guangxi ways to sexually transmitted HIV infection mainly based on their ten years of work experience and effect analysis, it is necessary to supplement the prevention and control interventions in healthy people.

　　Daily News reporter learned from the health sector in Guangxi, the first quarter of this year, Guangxi, with the rate of new HIV infections last year, an increase of more than 20% mortality with an increase compared to last year, the epidemic has not been checked.

　　Zhuo home with the view that China's AIDS prevention and control should be to achieve five major changes: First, the drug users from needle exchange, methadone treatment, Miss intervention as the focus shifted to focus on intervention in the general population; the second is a sympathetic publicity from the patient, eliminate discrimination, the dangers of AIDS lightly, transfer to promote AIDS life-threatening, endangering the family and society, national security; third is from the prevention and treatment organizations, regardless of changes to the combined prevention and treatment with separate institutions, disease control departments should AIDS treatment responsibilities to the hospital, doing their best to prevent; Fourth, changes to the technical supervision from the blanket primary prevention and control; 5 from the operation of the county center, the transition to the hub of rural hospitals, rural doctors peripheral.

　　Guangxi Academy of Social Sciences Institute of Sociology Associate Professor Fu Huiming long been concerned about AIDS, and in 2008-2010 in Baise highway construction workers to AIDS prevention Longlin experimental research projects. She believes that, in Guangxi by the proportion of sexually transmitted HIV has reached more than 70%, government intervention should focus on the health of people who move to "more specifically, is to popularize the proper use of condoms." Fu Huiming said.

　　She told reporters that at present China's rural areas with an ambiguous color condom promotion has not made proper use of technical, promotional slow. Some remote areas in Guangxi, after graduating from junior high school because many students work outside the older, Fu Huiming suggested that the Education Department to strengthen sex education in primary schools, junior high school students to promote the correct use of condoms, teach them to enhance self-protection "proposed 'second five' during start a pilot province in the country to strengthen prevention and control of population health interventions to reduce new HIV infections. "Fu Huiming said.

　　Editor: Xu Zhiqiang

　　 

　　

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